COVID-19 has been a dreadful experience for the entire globe. Though the world has again picked up the pace in terms of socializing and economic growth, the overall health condition of the substantial population around the globe has deteriorated drastically and is on a continual decline. Symptoms including Fatigue, Headache, sleep disorders, anxiety, loss of taste, lung problems- dyspnea, cough, persistent oxygen requirement, palpitation chest pain, kidney disorder, hair loss, depression, etc. have been observed as post COVID syndromes in the COVID affected patients. This review article discusses the persistent symptoms, long-term complications, future challenges, and preventive measures of the COVID affected people.

This study manifests the simple, environmentally-friendly and inexpensive synthesis of small sized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using the aqueous extracts of Justicia carnea. The aqueous extracts of Justicia carnea serve as effective reducing and capping agents for the green-synthesized NPs. The reduction of CuII was visually observed by the change of colour from light green to brown with formation of precipitate. The reaction was followed by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and the characterization of the copper oxide nanoparticles by Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometery. The UV-Visible spectra of aqueous solutions containing the synthesized copper nanoparticles showed a maximum absorption peak at 240 nm corresponding to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of copper oxide nanoparticles. The FTIR spectrum of CuO NPs shows peaks corresponding to bands associated to Cu-O stretching and bands which represent characteristic peaks believed to be due to the interaction of CuO with biomolecules of extract.

An investigation was carried out to study the characterization of eleven accessions of jackfruit at five different harvesting times. Eleven accessions were taken to study the physical characteristics and chemical characteristics. It was conducted at the BAU-GPC, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from March to December. Physical characteristics of fruit such as weight of fruit, bulb, seed, rind and axis; skin colour, number of bulbs per fruit, nature, flavour and sweetness of bulbs and chemical characteristics such as total soluble solids, moisture, dry matter, TSS, pH, Titrable acidity, Ascorbic acid, Reducing sugar, Non reducing sugar, Total sugar contents of jackfruit bulbs were determined. Fruits were harvested at five different time, namely very early harvesting (25 May), early harvesting (4 June), mid harvesting (14 June), late harvesting (24 June) and very late harvesting (4 July). General observations on the physical characteristics of fruits such as texture, fibrousness, juiciness, flavour and sweetness of bulbs were taken at different harvesting time. Weight of fruit, weight of edible and non-edible portions also varied at five different harvesting. Total soluble solids contents were found to be the highest at early harvesting time and the lowest at late harvesting time. Early and mid-harvesting time was found to be better in all accession of jackfruit. Accession number Ah3 was found to be the best in respect of fruit, pulp and seed characteristics, which was followed by Ah1, Ah2, Ah12, Ah15, Ah18 and Ah27. A wide variation in the moisture, dry matter, TSS, pH, Titrable acidity, Ascorbic acid, Reducing sugar, Non reducing sugar, Total sugar contents was observed in the bulbs of eleven accession of jackfruit types considered in the present investigation. The results of the study are helpful for attempting crop improvement and selection of superior desirable jackfruit genotypes for bringing to cultivation.

Present investigations on relative toxicity of different insecticides against aphid, Aphis gossypii infesting cumin were carried out under laboratory condition by using leaf dip method of bioassay against adult of aphid during 2019-2020 at Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The results of the relative toxicity of five selected insecticides showed that imidacloprid was the most toxic as its LC50 value 0.00542 per cent. On the other hand, difenthiuron was the less toxic insecticides (LC50=0.1589). Reported the LC50 value of different insecticides under test, they can be arranged in descending order as under: Imidacloprid>flonicamid>dimethoate > flupyradifurone > difenthiuron.

The present investigation planned to study thirty diverse genotypes of turmeric for fourteen different morphological traits and evaluated in randomized block design with two replications. Path coefficient analysis indicated that the traits like plant height, tillers per plant, secondary fingers per rhizome, rhizome width, green rhizome weight, dry rhizome weight recovery (%) and powder recovery (%) exhibited high and positive direct effects on green yield per plant. In majority of the cases the genotypic correlation was recorded higher than phenotypic correlations for all the studied characters, indicating little influence of environment and the presence of inherent association between various characters.

The aim of this work was to investigate the physical, chemical and functional properties of yoghurt powder prepared by air drying of low fat yoghurt so that it can be used as a conclusive dairy ingredient for value addition and nutrition. For that fresh yogurt was air dried in electric tray dehydrator in 3-5mm at 55-60 °C temperature at air velocity 1.5m/s. Evaluation of moisture value, fat value and ash value was done to study the proximity of yoghurt powder. Tests such as pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C and DPPH were applied to study the chemical properties of yoghurt powder. Study of the bulk properties was done so as to reduce the storage and transportation volume of product. Carr's compressibility index and Hausner ratio were applied to study the flow ability. Wettability, dispersibility, water absorption capacity, solubility, free fat, and sedimentation were conducted for finding the functional properties of yoghurt powder.

Tick borne diseases and their complications in dogs are increasing over the years. Periodical assessments helps in planning to handle such health care burdens. Medical records of the clinical cases presented to the Small Animal Medicine Referral Clinics and Emergency Critical Care Medicine Referral Clinic of Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, were analyzed. Among the TBD cases of 268 identified in this study, 120 cases were ehrlichiosis affected dogs (44.77%) and remained one among the highly prevalent disease in Chennai Metropolitan Area. 66 cases (24.62%) were found to be affected by Babesia canis and 59 cases (22.01%) were found to be affected by Babesia gibsoni. Together babesiois affected dogs were 46.63%, which is little higher than the E.canis affections. 23 dogs (8.58%) were found to be affected with H.canis. Incidence of TBD, status of anemia, thrombocytopenia and pancytopenia due to E.canis were evaluated in this study.

Field trial was carried out in split plot design at Advanced Post Graduate Centre, Lam, Guntur. The treatments comprised of irrigation schedules as main plots viz., one irrigation at pre-flowering stage (I1), one irrigation at pod formation stage (I2), two irrigations at pre-flowering and pod formation stages (I3) and soil amendments as sub plot treatments viz., soil application of humic acid @ 20 kg ha-1 (S1), soil application of hydrogel @ 2.5 kg ha-1 (S2) and soil application of FYM @ 5 t ha-1(S3). Among different irrigation schedules I3 was found to be superior in recording the highest growth parameters when compared to other two irrigation treatments. Maximum yield was recorded with (I3) which was comparable with (I1). Higher water productivity was realized with one irrigation at pre-flowering stage (I1) when compared to two irrigations at pre-flowering and pod formation stages (I3). Soil amendment hydrogel @ 2.5 kg ha-1 was found to be better in recording higher growth and yield parameters when compared to FYM @ 5 t ha-1. Significant difference in water productivity of blackgram was not observed with regard to soil amendment treatments.

Thirteen tree species viz., Acrocarpus fraxinifolius, Albizia lebbek, Dalbergia paniculata, Dalbergia sissoo, Erythrinia indica, Grewia tillifolia, Gyrocarpus jacquinii, Melia dubia, Melia composite, Neolamarkia cadamba, Sterculia alata, Eucalyptus MTP1 (Control 1), TNAU Casuarina MTP 2 (Control 2) were subjected for physical and chemical analysis coupled with pulp yield in order to screen suitable for pulp and paper production. All the thirteen tree species exhibited considerable differences for physical, chemical and pulp yield investigated. Considering physical properties viz., bulk and basic density, all tree species were moderate to high in range which indicated for their suitability as pulpwood. Similarly chemical wood analysis of thirteen tree species indicated that the species differed due to chemical properties. In the proximate analysis, the lignin content was significant parameter which was also moderate for all the tree species and hence proved their suitability. The tree species differ significantly for holo-cellulose which constitutes the cellulose and hemi-cellulose which are essential factor for paper production. Considering this factor, among thirteen tree species investigated, the superiority of Melia dubia was evident due to maximum holo-cellulose content. The pulp yield and kappa number analysis indicated that the superiority of Melia dubia due to higher pulp yield and moderate kappa number.

Use of silver and silver salts is as old as human civilization but the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) has only recently been recognized. AgNPs were synthesized using aqueous extract of neem leaves and silver salt. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using particle size analyser, UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, SEM and AFM. The size of AgNPs was found to be within the range of 20-60 nm. The absorbance peak was in the range of 420-450 nm. SEM and AFM analysis showed that, the synthesized AgNPs are spherical in shape and surface roughness is 20.40 nm. Further the XRD analysis confirms the nano crystalline phase of silver with cubic crystal structure nature. The EDS analysis confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. AgNPs were specifically used in agriculture and medicine as antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidants. Antibacterial activity of synthesized AgNPs was carried out for both gram positive and gram negative bacteria and compared with standard silver nanoparticles. Hence, AgNPs could be use in the food and agricultural filed for commercial usage.