This experiment was conducted in Igboora, southwest Nigeria to identify different insects affecting sweet potatoes in the study area in order to develop suitable control measures for the insect pests. One of the most widely root crops grown in Nigeria is sweet potatoes. It is particularly important in many other countries of the world for consumption. The vine was planted on a plot of 10m by 10m with 6 mounds and replicated 6 times with a spacing of 1m by 1m between each vine on a plot. Data collection on insects that affected the crop commenced five weeks after planting with the aid of a sweep net and hand-picking. All data collected were taken to the laboratory for identification with a hand lens and microscope using insect identification keys and in consultation with the insect collection museum of the Crop Protection and Environmental Biology department, University of Ibadan. The result shows that different insect pests were associated with sweet potatoes at different week intervals, these insects were Orthoptera (Chrotogonus Senegalensis, Dnopherula descampsi) which attacked the leaves, Coleoptera (Lema coelestins, Cheilomenes Lunata, Lunata) also attacked the leaves, Hymenoptera (Crematogaster spp, Pollistes Spilophorus) attacked the vines, while Odynerus spp, componotus spp2, Scapisdepus morginatus were picked on the soil. Farmers and crop scientists should identify insect pests in the field, especially during the cultivation of sweet potatoes, to ascertain the method of control measures to use to improve productivity.

Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a polyphagous pest, attacks several crops of economic importance, including cocoa and coffee. Due to its rapid dissemination, studies are needed to develop management programs to combat this pest, as few studies seek the effectiveness of alternative products such as plant extracts, which can be promising in its control. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the aqueous extract of the fruits of chili pepper Capsicum frutescens (Solanaceae) in the management of the pink hibiscus mealybug. The tests were carried out in acclimatized chambers regulated at a temperature of 25 ± 1 ºC, relative humidity of 70 ± 10%, and a 12-hour photophase. The treatments consisted of five extract concentrations: 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10% (weight/volume). Coffee leaves were submerged in the aqueous solution of pepper extract and mounted in Petri dishes with agar solution to transfer the mealybugs. Each treatment consisted of 10 repetitions with 10 young mealybugs each. The experiment was evaluated 24, 48, and 72 h after the procedure. Data were submitted for analysis of variance and regression test (p≤0.05). Lethal concentration (LC50) was estimated using Probit analysis. The mortality of mealybugs increased with the increase in extract concentrations, with mortalities greater than 70% from the lowest concentration. The data fit the Probit model, with χ² of 1.0478 (p > 0.05) and a curve slope of 1.7799. The LC50 was estimated at 0.96%. Thus, the aqueous extract of Capsicum frutescens fruits is promising for the management of M. hirsutus.

Strychnos innocua (Loganiaceae) is a valuable timber tree, used locally as traditional medicine to treat several diseases such as gonorrhea, snake bites, conjunctivitis and diarrhea; fruits and leaves of this plant are also fed by human and cattle. This plant is attacked by a psyllid which causes serious damage by inducing leaf galls, defoliation and necrosis. The aim of this work is the description and identification of the psyllid associated with Strychnos innocua in Cameroon, and thus contributes to the psyllid biodiversity study in Cameroonian fauna. The study was carried out in Adamawa Region of Cameroon, on wooded savannah of Wack cliff, from July 2015 to July 2016. The psyllid of Strychnos innocua, Diaphorina strychnos sp. nov., can be diagnosed by: the stage V larva, antenna composed of eight segments and the antennal segments: 3, 4, 6 and 7, each bears a single subapical rhinarium; abdomen bears a circular circumanal with a single row of waxy rounded pores and presents a deep internal depression on its anterior margin; posterior abdominal margin bears lanceolate setae. In adult, trapezoidal vertex; rhinaria of flagellomeres 2 and 4 of antenna are surrounded by simples setae; forewing is covered by irregular patches on the entire surface; costal and sub-costal veins (C+Sc) of the hingwing bear four setae before the costal break and six plus five setae and hamelus after the costal break (4+6+5+1); metathoracic leg has a short and rounded meracanthus; the apical part of metatibia bears seven spurs (3 internals and 4 externals) and the metabasitarsus bears two spurs (one internal and one external); cylindrical paramere with a slightly narrowed apical portion which is incurved subapically on internal margin; female proctiger is triangular with a large proximal part and narrow apical part, rounded apex; female sub-genital plate is formed of two lobes: a proximal large lobe and a distal pointed lobe. Comparing Diaphorina strychnos with the specimens recorded previously elsewhere, it is morphologically different from them and can be reported as new specie in the Diaphorina Löw, 1880 genus.

Objective: The objective of this work was to draw up an inventory of the entomofauna associated with the cultivation of sweet corn (Zea mays L. ssp saccharata) in the Niayes in Senegal. Methodology and Results: A monitoring and sampling was carried out between June and August 2017 at the experimental station of the Senegalese Institute for Agricultural Research (ISRA) in Sangalkam (Dakar), the insects collected were identified by the laboratory of terrestrial invertebrates from IFAN/ Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar. It has been listed 75 species divided into 10 orders for 28 families mainly Coleoptera (41%), Orthoptera (12%), Diptera (12%), Hymenoptera (12%) and Lepidoptera (11%). The Shannon H index indicates a diversity value of 3.4, and the regularity index gives the value of 0.78, which reveals an average diversity with a minority of species dominating the environment. A higher abundance and diversity of entomofauna associated with maize has been noted during the flowering stage to ear maturation this exploration work was able to detect an invasive pest in Senegal: the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. The study also revealed a significant imbalance between pests and auxiliaries of maize in the environment with more than 80% of the insects encountered being pests. In addition, this study has enabled the reporting and confirmation of the fall armyworm in Senegal, which without monitoring and intervention could be a real threat to food security in Africa and in Senegal in particular. Conclusion and Application of Findings: This study allowed the updating of the entomofauna of sweet corn in the Niayes area in Senegal. The results reveal in particular a significant imbalance of the maize entomofauna in favour of pests, but also the report of the polyphagous pest S. frugiperda. These results can constitute an important basis for the development of sweet corn crop protection strategies in Senegal

This paper reports a clinical management of the secondary complications of the lumpy skin disease in a cow. A cross bred cow with the complaint of widespread nodular eruptions on different parts of the body was presented during a awareness camp conducted by the team of experts. The detailed physical examination of the animal was conducted which revealed that the animal was febrile with rectal temperature of 40.2°C and had combination of small to large sized circumscribed nodules on various body parts, especially in the neck area. Also animal was showing a certain degree of lameness with significant swelling of prescapular lymph nodes. Based on the course of disease and typical clinical findings, the case was suspected to be a lumpy skin disease. During the course of the treatment, the animal starting showing the signs of respiratory distress with labored breathing, nasal catarrh and coughing. The case was managed successfully by the application of combination therapy and the animal recovered fully.

Family Sphingidae belonging to Order Lepidoptera whose members are commonly known as Hawk moths or Sphinx moths. There are three subfamilies of this family named as Macroglossinae, Smerinthinae and Sphinginae. Sphinx or hawkmoths are distributed all over the world mostly preferring the tropical areas. There is very less literature available on hawkmoths, so an attempt is made to understand the diversity patterns of hawkmoths throughout the India. The current study is conducted to document the earlier and existing faunal diversity patterns of hawkmoths throughout India. As hawkmoths are economically important insects as these act as beneficial pollinators as well as environmental indicators. So, presence of hawkmoths in environment is essential for maintaining ecological balance. The present review paper comprises brief information on the diversity patterns of hawkmoths throughout India.

A study was carried in the locality of Ngog-mapubi. The objectif was to evaluate the spatio- temporal dynamics of macro-arthropods in relation to seasonal and physico-chemical quality of forest stream. Benthic macro-arthropods were sampled during the short dry season (SDS) and the long rainy season (LRS). Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxide fixation, oxydability of oxygen, carbon dioxide, suspended solids, nitrate, pH were measured and analyzed follow standard methods. A sampling net was used to collect macro-arthropods at (Lep1) up-stream, (Lep 2 and Lep3) med-stream and (Lep 4) down-stream. 313 macro-arthropods predominated by Hexapoda (89%) and Malacostraca (11%) were collected and mainly identified as: Odonata (43.13%), Hemiptera (15.34%), Coleoptera (13.74%), followed by Décapoda (11%), Trichoptera (8.3%), then Ephemeroptera (7.33%) and Diptera (0.98%). Concerning biocenotic analysis, the diversity and abundance index were higher during the LRS, Shannon index showed significant difference between the two seasons, while from a spatial point of view, the Mann-Whitney U-test revealed a significant difference between the coarse substrate stations compared to those with fine substrate stations.

This study's main objective was to assess the types of white grubs and the interactions between insects and their hosts in Jalna, Maharashtra, India from May to August of the year 2022 at various altitudes. The adults of 24 species and 13 genera of scarabaeids, including members of the subfamilies Rutelinae, Melolonthinae, Cetoniinae, Dynastinae, and Scarabaeinae, were collected from several localities in jalna. The two most frequent species were Holotrichia longipennis and Anomala dimidiata. It was found that the scarabaeid beetles were serious agricultural pests. Due to the reduction in biodiversity and degradation of natural habitats brought on by climate change and human interference with natural ecosystems, a species richness inventory is required in this area. Planning a management strategy for these beetles in natural areas and maintaining the ecological balance depend on having a thorough understanding of the current species distribution around the planet.

A new genus and species of the family Paradoxosomatidae from southern part of West Bengal, India is described. The new genus Manikidesmus gen. n. is diagnosed by combination of following characters: reduced paranota, distinct pleural keel, unpaired sternal lamella on 5th sternite, prefemur with setal brush, setal brush on tibia and tarsus in male, lamina medialis long straight with a curved hook, expanded post femoral lamina with a spine and tibiotarsus with a spine on the distofemoral process.The genus is distinguished from its Indian congeners by one or more diagnosed characters. In Manikidesmus suriensis, sp. n. tibia and tarsus bear setal brush in male (vs. absent in Oxidus and Chondromorpha), gonopod femur short, flat and without post femoral demarcation (vs. long, thin cylindrical with post femoral demarcation in Polydrepanum and Orthomorpha), tibiotarsus of gonopod long and a spine on the distofemoral process (vs. short and without spine in Anoplodesmus). In Kronopolites, coxa of gonopod densely bristled, collum with two rows of long bristles, femur long, slender and with a spine. All these characters are absent in the present genus. In Streptogonopus, gonopod femorite is distinctly demarcated from post femorite region and solenomere is twisted with solenophore but in the present species, femorite is not be separated from post femorite region and solenomere is free from solenophore.

Leucinodes Orbonalis appears as the main constrain to Eggplant production. In Cameroon, many varieties of the genus Solanum (Solanaceae) are cultivated and their fruits compositions vary in terms of pH, carbohydrates, proteins, and polyphenols content. We investigated to see if primary and secondary metabolites content in the fruits could influence the preference of attacked due to Leucinodes Orbonalis. The damage due to Leucinodes Orbonalis were compared on two species of two cultivars each. These experimentations were carrying out both in the laboratory and on the field. On “zong”, “inerme”, “jakatu” and “F1 African beauty” varieties, the pH of the fruits was 5.22, 4.57, 5.4 and 5.02 respectively; the sugar content of the fruits was 6.45 mg/g, 4.79 mg/g, 7.92 mg/g and 7.85 mg/g respectively; the polyphenol content of the fruit was 5.74 mg/g, 6.79 mg/g, 5.26 mg/g and 4.63 mg/g and the protein content of the fruit was 3.02 mg/g, 1.66 mg/g, 4.48 mg/g and 4.25 mg/g respectively. The study on the susceptibility of the species/varieties of Solanum spp. showed that S. melongena var. inerme was the most resistant (with 47.8%) and that S. Aethiopicum var. jakatu, most susceptible (with 79.47%) to attacks due to Leucinodes Orbonalis. The study also showed that total sugars, total proteins and pH value levels were positively and significantly correlated with attacks due to Leucinodes Orbonalis (r=0.97*, r=0.86* and r=0.70* respectively) while the total polyphenols content in the fruits was negatively and significantly correlated with the same attacks due to the same fruit pests (r=0.76*). These informations can be of great importance in the varietal selections by farmers.