The coccydynia refers to the pain in the coccyx. Its incidence is increasing due to sedentary lifestyles. The problem is commonly seen in postpartum females caused due to prolong sitting, poor breast feeding position or due to internal and external trauma during labor. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of coccydynia and its association with postpartum females in Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot. This is an observational study and convenient sampling technique is used in it. Methods: This study includes 90 postpartum females of age between 20 to 44. Data were collected by using a questionnaire containing 16 questions. Results: Out of 90 postpartum females, the total number of patients having tailbone pain were 86.7% whereas, 8.2% participants had no pain after delivery. Conclusion: The study concludes that the prevalence rate of coccyx pain is very high in postpartum females, due to several reasons. The study mainly focus on providing guidance to the females about the correct positioning, exercises and postural guidance in order to maintain the active lifestyle.

The use of electronic devices like tablets, smartphones, desktop and laptop users has been increased to a lot of extent from past few years. So, the workers are more prone to be affected by neck pain, shoulder pain and other forms of musculoskeletal problems, due to lack of awareness about bad posture and ergonomics about workstation in their environment. Objectives: To find out the frequency of work-related neck pain in freelancers. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study containing of questionnaire based online survey in which the data were collected by asking the participants to fill the form online. There were 100 participants who were actively working in this field from last 6 months and all of them were having neck related problems. The data was analyzed using statistical packages of social sciences and different tests were performed including Chi-square and standard deviation and square tab. Results: Statistics show that 27% of freelancers were suffered from neck and shoulder pain, 43% suffered from neck pain along with other symptoms and followed by headache in which 34% rarely suffered from headache, 38% suffered from moderate headache and 28% from severe headache. Emotional findings show that 44% faced frustration, anger and sadness to some extent. Conclusions: The neck discomfort due to working online increases with sitting still for more than 1 hour, making physical activity difficult as well as making lifestyle change. A significant Association was found between lifestyle changes due to neck pain, neck pain intensity with online working.

Burnout is common exhaustion in students especially among medical students due to their increased study hours, increased demands according to the education sector and less tolerance. Objective: To determine the prevalence and correlation of burnout syndrome and musculoskeletal problems among university students in Lahore. Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study was conducted by including 181 medical students by using, a convenience sampling technique according to the predefined selection criteria. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Nordic Questionnaire were used for assessing the outcomes of the patient. The data were analyzed by using SPSS in which frequency, percentage, and Correlation analysis were used to determine the relationship that exists between burnout syndrome and musculoskeletal pain. Results: The study showed that Musculoskeletal pain and burnout syndrome exist a strong correlation among students of universities with a p-value <0.05. Conclusions: The study concluded that burnout syndrome had a statistically significant relationship with students’ study years and musculoskeletal problems that ultimately affect their normal activities of daily life

Low back pain (LBP) is the most common disorder affecting the back's muscles, nerves, and bones and affecting the quality of life. Objective: To find the association of LBP with body mass index and stress among house officers in different rotational placements. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 170 participants were recruited. Oswestry disability index was used to assess the LBP and perceived stress scale was used to assess the stress. Inclusion Criteria includes house officers, both male and female and physical therapy internes. Exclusion Criteria includes disability, trauma and congenital disorder. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS statistics version-25. Results: Out of 170 participants 10(5.9%) were underweight, 60(35.3%) were normal weight, 66(38.8%) were overweight and 34(20%) were obese. p value was .694 which showed that there is no association between LBP and body mass index. The p value for LBP and stress was .458 which showed there is no association. The p-value for LBP and different rotational placement was .000 which shows there is association present. Conclusions: There was no association found between LBP and body mass index, LBP and stress. There is association found between LBP and different rotational placements.

The use of functional outcome scales to see the effect of whole-body vibration on the patients having malignancies and going through chemotherapy. Objective: To perform a systematic review to see the effects of whole-body vibration on patients having chemotherapy. Methods: Using the specified keywords, a search was conducted in the TRIP, PEDro and PubMed databases. The studies were picked based on their eligibility for evaluation. The articles having full length were included which specified the effect of whole-body vibration technique in the patients having malignancies and going through chemotherapy. Results: According to the exclusion criteria, three publications were included, all related to patients having chemotherapy. Reported were the effects of WBV both in sensory and motor symptoms. Conclusions: It was concluded that by using the whole-body vibrator the debilitating effects of the chemotherapy can be controlled or minimized such as fatigue, weakness and bone loss. It is comparative to high intensity exercises which account behavioral barriers and certain risks

Resilience is a one of the major psychological qualities that enhance an individual’s strength and shield individuals from the adverse effects of diverse situations. Objective: To find out resilience and anxiety in footballers following or not following an injury prevention program. Methods: The study design used for this study was comparative cross-sectional survey, and data were collected from 35 football players. Players who were following or not following an injury prevention program were divided into two groups. Data for the resilience and anxiety was collected with help of strait trait anxiety questionnaire and Conner-Davidson resilience scale. Results: There was significant difference (p≤0.05) between the two groups for state anxiety in players not following any injury prevention program (44.15±4.71) and players following injury prevention program (39.00±3.77). Between groups comparison for trait anxiety also showed significant difference (p≤0.05) for players not following any injury prevention program (45.30±5.56) and following injury prevention program (40.20±4.21). Between groups comparison also showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) in CDRS scores for players not following any injury prevention program (81.65±1.42) and players following injury prevention programs (92.20±1.97). Conclusions: The present study concluded that those players who had less anxiety levels had increased resilience levels while those players who were having increased anxiety had decreased resilience. There was a significant difference between anxiety and resilience levels and the players who were following injury prevention programs had less state and trait anxiety and better resilience

People are socially evaluated from face as ugly/beautiful. So person with acne isolate themselves from social gathering because of fear of stigmatized as unattractive. This social rejection leads them towards skin shaming of acne. Previous studies were not giving much importance to psychological impact of acne; just dermatological treatment was focus of attention. Objectives: To find a short duration but effective therapy to manage skin shaming of acne in young women. To test the efficacy of Compassion Focused Therapy on managing skin shaming of acne in young women. Methods: The research was an experimental study with sample of 64 young women of 18-25 years. 32 young women are allocated to therapy group and 32 women are allocated to control group. Data were collected at three time intervals of pre-therapy, post-therapy and follow-up. SPSS 21.0 version was used for data analysis. Results: Results clearly indicated significant reduction of skin shaming due to acne of young women from pre-therapy to post-therapy and also from pre-therapy to follow up. When therapy group women data compared with control group women data, conforms our objectives of study that that compassion focused therapy is effective and efficient therapy to manage skin shaming of acne in young women. Conclusion: Compassion Focused Therapy is successful therapy to manage skin shaming of acne in young women.

Stroke survivors with upper extremity functional limitation are particularly susceptible to problems in performing independent ADLs. Virtual Reality training has a significant contribution to enhancing the independence of stroke survivors. Objective: To determine the effect of additional VR training on upper limb gross motor function, gross manual dexterity, and functional activities in hemiplegic stroke survivors. Methods: It was a single-group experimental study in which 20 participants were recruited through non-probability convenient sampling. Participants were included in the study if they had any sort of stroke (hemorrhagic or infarct), were between the ages of 30 and 70, had at least one score on the box and block test, and did not have any cognitive deficits or uncontrolled high blood pressure. The intervention was provided three days a week for a total of six weeks. Gross motor function, gross manual dexterity, and functional capacities of the upper limb were measured at baseline, 2^nd, 4^th and at 6^th week of intervention through Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Box and Block Test, and Wolf Motor Assessment Scale respectively. Data were analyzed through within-group inferential analysis using SPSS-21 software. Results: The mean age of patients was 49.45 ± 11.02 years. The scores of the Fugl-Mayer Assessment Scale, Box and Block Test and Wolf Motor Assessment Scale were significantly improved from baseline to six weeks (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that the hemiplegic stroke survivors who received additional Virtual Reality training using Xbox Kinect showed significant improvement in Gross motor Function, Gross Manual Dexterity and Functional Abilities of the Upper Limb.

MTrPs are labelled as hard, discrete, and palpable nodules in a taut band of skeletal muscle. It can be further divided into 2 forms, if it is spontaneously painful (i.e., active trigger points) or painful only on compression (i.e., latent trigger points). Objectives: To determine the frequency of active and latent trigger points of trapezius in healthy individuals and to find out its association with gender. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted from April 2018-August 2018 after getting approval from the ethical committee of Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences. The sample size was 323 which were selected by non-probability (convenient sampling) technique. Data were collected through self-structured questionnaire which also included trigger points assessment form. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24. Results: The mean age of participants was 23.60±4.6years with 60(19.8%) males and 243(80.2%) females. The trapezius trigger point 2 was found more active on right side (TT2Rt side) in 91(30%) and left side (TT2Lt side) 57(18.8%). While the same was more latent in 75(24.8%) on right side (TT2Rt side) and 86(28.4%) on left side (TT2Rt side) among the participants. There was no significant association between active trigger points and gender (p>0.245), as well as the association between latent trigger point and gender was not significant (p>0.740). Conclusions: The frequency of trapezius trigger point is less in healthy individuals whereas the majority of the young individuals have at least one or two active or latent trigger points. There was no significant association of both active and latent trigger points with gender.

85% of the population has non-specific back pain. Posteroanterior (PA) lumbar mobilization and Push-up exercises are primarily used in physical therapy for back pain. Objective: To know the outcomes of posteroanterior spinal mobilization and prone push-ups on nonspecific lower back pain. Methods: The randomized clinical trial was done with 30 subjects meeting inclusion criteria and were randomly selected by non-probability/purposive sampling technique from the Department of Physical Therapy, Mayo Hospital Lahore. The 4 weeks study was conducted in which 2 groups with 15 in each group were formed. Group I was treated with PA lumbar glide while group II was treated with prone Push-ups. VAS and functional disability index were used to evaluate pre-treatment and post-treatment. Results: A significant decrease in mean pain score was noted in both groups. Results did not show any statistically significant differences between groups for any parameter. The study has given evidence that supports the use of posteroanterior mobilization and prone push-ups to reduce pain, improve range of movement, and disability reduction in patients with nonspecific low back pain. It also showed that posteroanterior mobilization was more beneficial than prone Push-ups. Conclusion: Both PA mobilization and Push-ups can be used as effective maneuvers for the treant of non-specific low back pain