A simple, rapid, precise and highly selective spectrophotometric method was developed for simultaneous estimation of Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride in tablet dosage form. This method, involves the measurement of absorbances of Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride at the wavelengths of 282nm (λmax of Sildenafil citrate) and 249 nm (λmax of Fluoxetine Hydrochloride). Methanol was used as solvent. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 10-18µg/ml for Sildenafil citrate and 3-8ug/ml. Fluoxetine Hydrochloride. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by recovery studies of tablet dosage forms and was found to be 98.1% and 99.2% for Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride respectively. The method showed good reproducibility and recovery with % RSD less than 2. Thus, the proposed method was found to be rapid, specific, precise, accurate and cost-effective quality control tool for the routine analysis of Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride in bulk and combined dosage form. A rapid and simple derivative spectrophotometric method was developed for simultaneous determination of Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride in tablet dosage form. This method involves second order derivative spectroscopy using 282 nm and 249 nm as zero crossing points for Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride respectively in methanol. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 10-18µg/ml for Sildenafil citrate and 3-8ug/ml for Fluoxetine Hydrochloride. The accuracy of the method was found to be 98.21% and 99.2% for Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride respectively. The method showed good reproducibility and recovery with % RSD less than 2.Thus, the proposed method was found to be rapid, specific, precise, accurate and cost-effective quality control tool for the routine analysis of sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride in bulk and combined dosage form. A selective, precise, isocratic and accurate stability indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride in the tablet dosage form. The method was validated for the linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, system suitability as per ICH guidelines. Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride were found to be linear in the range of 10-100 and 10-18µg/ml and 3-8ug/ml with the recoveries of 98.6% and 99.2%. The method was also applied for the determination of sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride in the presence of their degradation products formed under variety of stress conditions.

Soil potassium supplementation relies heavily on the use of chemical fertilizer, which has a considerablenegative impact on the environment. Potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) could serve as inoculants.They convert insoluble potassium in the soil into a form that plants can access. This is a promising strat-egy for the improvement of plant absorption of potassium and so reducing the use of chemical fertilizer. In order to overcome poor potassium availability, potassium solubilising microorganisms can be used to ensure agriculture production. Hence, the study was aimed to isolate, identify, and characterise a potent bacterial species from coastal soils that can efficiently solubilise phosphate for plant absorption. From the five soil samples, a total of eight different discrete bacterial colonies were identified and they were named as MGK-01, MGK-02, MGK-03, MGK-04, MGK-05, MGK-06, MGK-07 and MGK-08. The screening of potassium solubilisation demonstrates that the greatest potassium solubilisation ability was found in the MGK-06 strain. Furthermore, the greatest potassium solubilisation under increasing NaCl concentrations were found in the MGK-06. Due to better potassium solubility and plant growth promoting activities, bacterial isolate MGK-06 was selected for molecular identification and bioinoculation studies. The molecular phylogeny revealed that the bacterial isolate MGK-06 is belongs to Azotobacter chrococcumspecies.

In the food sector, oxidative reactions seriously threaten the shelf life of both fresh and processed foods. Several diseases are thought to be caused by the generation of free radicals, which then cause biomolecules to oxidise. Due to efforts to make foods healthier by adding more polyunsaturated fatty acids and more sustainable by creating lightweight oxygen-permeable and light penetrating packaging, many foods are becoming more prone to oxidative rancidity. Antioxidants are used in meals to protect the lipid constituents from losing quality. The most widely utilised antioxidants are synthetic compounds like tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), propyl gallate (PG), and butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA). There is an increasing need for natural antioxidants because it is thought that these substances may function as carcinogenesis promoters. Additionally, antioxidants aid the body's defences against diabetes, cancer, arthritis, asthma, and cardiovascular disorders. Fresh herbs are considered to be good providers of natural antioxidants, so include them in your diet may help you meet your daily requirement. Due to natural antioxidant components, spices and herbs are great sources of antioxidants for food preservation. Therefore, use of spices and herbs present a better choice than synthetic antioxidants, which has become popular and is widely accepted by consumers. The main antioxidants found in spices are phenolic chemicals, and there is a linear correlation between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant effects of spices. Antioxidant capabilities can be found in essential oils, oleoresins, and even aqueous extracts of spices. All agree that the lamiaceae family of plants is a significant source of natural antioxidants. In both Europe and the United States, rosemary is a common antioxidant. The antioxidant capabilities of oregano, thyme, marjoram, sage, basil, fenugreek, fennel, coriander, and pimento are also superior to those of the synthetic antioxidant BHT.

The term “street vendor” refers to those who are unable to get regular jobs in the formal sector on account of their low level of education and skills. Street vending is an important activity for the urban areas. The study focuses on the street vending of Nagaland State. Nagaland is a mountainous state in northeast India, bordering Myanmar, and it is home to diverse indigenous tribes. It occupies about 70 percent of the total area under cultivation and constitutes about 75 percent of the total food production in the state. In Nagaland majority of the street vendors are women, belonging to diverse tribes and sell a variety of products ranging from vegetables to meat, fast food, handicraft, second-hand clothing, etc., to urban consumers. The study population in Nagaland is around 22.8 lakhs and around 30,000, people are street vendors. Street vending gives platform to earn income to the illiterate, low-class, and unemployed to sustain their life.

Dandruff is a skin condition with symptoms includes flaking and sometimes mild itchiness cause to the scalp. They are many bacteria, fungus causing scalp infections which lead to further hair problems or skin issues. There is one of the common conditions candidiasis which is typically caused on the skin or mucus membrane caused by candida. Herbal extract of gauva leaves, amla and aloe found to be effective in treating Candidiasis. Guava leaves are rich in Vitamin B & C that helps in nourishing hair and also aids hair growth. Guava leaves shows antibacterial and antifungal activity on gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Vitamin C present in Amla which is 20 times more than that of orange; which prevents premature graying of hairs, it also providesluster to hairs and strengthen follicles. Gauva leaves extract was evaluated by Cup and plate method against the fungus C. albicans and bacteria S. aureus. Herbal Gel was formulated and evaluated by using Carbopol 934, triethanolamine etc. A polyherbal hair gel was found to be effective against candidiasis along with this it nourished the hair and prevent premature graying.

Chromium is an essential trace element whose deficiency can cause impairment of glucose tolerance, growth and various biological functions. There are two isotopes of chromium-trivalent chromium and hexavalent chromium. Both the isotopes of chromium have quite different effects on the human body. The objective of this narrative review is to compile the different effects of the two isotopes of chromium and give a comprehensive analysis of the effects of hexavalent and trivalent chromium. Data from various studies across different forums were compared to provide a concrete analysis of the therapeutic and harmful effects of two isotopes of chromium on human health. Chromium plays a vital role in the biological functions of the body. It might be helpful in balancing the glycaemic levels, triglyceride levels and cholesterol levels in the body. Excessive intake of chromium is harmful for health. Overexposure to chromium can lead to carcinogenic effects. Consumption of an insufficient amount of chromium might not be adequate as well. Trivalent chromium can be quite beneficial if taken in proper quantities. Hexavalent chromium can cause cancer. Trivalent chromium is beneficial, while hexavalent chromium is harmful to human health.

The effector hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis neuroendocrine system are the glucocorticoid hormones cortisol and corticosterone.The level of corticosterone, a systemic intercellular signal, changes dynamically with environmental and psychological stressors and predictably varies with time of day. A wide range of physiological and mental health issues are linked to irregularities in the typical HPA axis activity profiles. Despite several investigations that have uncovered molecular, cellular, and systems-level glucocorticoid actions to date, more glucocorticoid actions, and connections with clinical state, need to be discovered. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis feedback regulation may be compromised due to reduced mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-mediated feedback in the brain. Medicinal herbs and their compounds have been shown to have a preventative impact against depression through a variety of ways. Medicinal plants can provide fresh ideas for antidepressant medication research.

Ayurveda an ancient healing system, is a system of understanding human health that has been termed as the "Mother of All Healings. It helps preventing disease, diagnosis, and treatment through the use of a unique, personal method that is based on an evaluation of each patient's constitution. Researchers from all over the world isolated various photochemicals from herbs and recreated their effects with compound pharmaceuticals. In this reviwew we focused about phytopharmacology of Hemidesmus indicus such as analgesic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antiarthritic, antioxidant, antiacne, antipsychotic, anti-diarrhoeal, wound healing, antiulcer, larvicidal, antivenom, antihyperlipaedaemic, antimicrobial, anti-carcinogenic activities.

Women constitute half of humanity. Throughout history, women are equal participants along with male in the struggle for survival and growth in the society. Women have been glaringly absent from the chronicles of history, and their status in society has elicited little interest in recent times, despite their equal contribution in making history. However, their position in the family, kinship, and society has fluctuated throughout history. It is necessary to examine the position of women in Indian society from ancient times to the present. The status of women must be examined in terms of what it is in fact rather than in terms of what it is in concept. In this context, this paper aims to analyse and historically traces the overall position of women in India. The main objective of this study is to discuss about their status in Indian societies to have a better understanding. The study examines the position of women in different periods like ancient to the present (that means ancient, mediaeval, pre-colonial and post-colonial times along with modern period) about their educational, economic, and political status. The study has collected secondary data and analysed by using descriptive analysis method. It also analyses the role of women in social reforms, freedom struggle and women movements in India along with initiatives (the constitutional provisions, laws, acts, schemes, and programmes after independence) taken by the government of India to enhance the status of women and also to control the discrimination against women in India.

The classroom is an important location where learning activities are carried out. It is the most important component in education system since it promotes knowledge transfer from a teacher to a group of pupils. In this digital era, Smart classroom is a digital effort that is fast transforming the teacher’s way of teaching and students learn via the use of technology. During covid time smart classrooms played a key role in online teaching. The study intents are: to determine the effect of smart classrooms, to explain the benefits and drawbacks of smart classroom, to investigate the impact of introducing smart classrooms and what factors are deficient for the better implementation of smart classrooms. The study area was Rajanagaram Mandal, East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. In this study survey on impact of smart classrooms was conducted. The respondents selected for the study are both students and teachers from various high schools in the study area. This paper examined both the data qualitative and quantitative through primary and secondary sources. A total of 130 (100 Students and 30 teachers) were selected by using simple and random sampling methods. The Primary data is original and unique which is directly collected by the researcher by using data collection methods like observations, survey, schedule and semi structured interviews according to the requirement of the study. The sources of secondary data are government publications, websites, books, articles in journals and internal records. The result of the study reveals pros and cons of the smart class learning environment and traditional classroom.