Market Failure is the exiting of the company or the business from the market. Inefficiency whether in the supply or the demand could lead to market failure. One of the actions that could be resulted because of market failure is privatization. Privatization happens when the government fail to manage the business and cope with the crisis that could happen in the market. This failure will lead to a debt increase, so the government expenditure will increase, and this will force the government to sell the company to private investor or investors (Privatization). British Petroleum Company was one of the firms that were completely privatized by the United Kingdom government in the year 1987 due to many reasons. The purpose of the paper is to present the process of privatization of British Petroleum and clarify the prerequisites for market stabilization. In addition, this paper will discuss the main recommendation and policies that can be implemented for this company to succeed to regain its market share. Also, the paper will explain the effect the market failure has on the sustainable development goal (SDGs).

Taxes are treated as involuntary payments paid by individuals or entities to the accounts of central or local government bodies and institutions. There are a variety of taxes depending on the legal system, but almost everyone agrees that they remain one of the key sources of filling the country’s budget. Taxes on corporate income are extremely complex. When it comes to profit tax, generally it is a tax imposed on the net income of the company. Recently, the European Commission in December 2021 proposed a Directive ensuring a minimum effective tax rate for the global activities of large multinational groups. It includes a common set of rules on how to calculate this effective tax rate, so that it is properly and consistently applied across the European Union (EU). The purpose of this paper is through normative and economic analysis, both empirical and theoretical, to process the official data from Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Bank (WB) and Public Revenue Office of the Republic of North Macedonia, in order to provide a clear overview of the current state of the foreseen tax rates as well trends of profit tax collection. Research in terms of object is branched in two directions: global and local. In the global aspect, the current situation during the last year (2021) is analyzed, relying on the ranking of the countries based on the highest, i.e. the lowest statutory corporate income tax rates (starting from the reflection of the situation in continents and then across concrete countries). In the local aspect, the research deals with the state of corporate taxes in the Republic of North Macedonia in the period of the previous law (2003-2013) and the period after the adoption of the law in force (2014-2021). To achieve the aforementioned goals, the author has focused on the use of some of the scientific methods, of which the most expressed are: the method of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, normative, comparative, historical and empirical method. The analysis of statistical data provides results that argue three existing facts: (1) at a comparative level, the Republic of North Macedonia is part of the group of countries with the lowest corporate tax rate; (2) the collection (payment) of profit tax in recent years proves a serious trend of continuous growth; (3) compared to the two most prominent forms of tax, personal income tax and value added tax, profit tax continues to show serious setbacks based on the collected values of these taxes in denars.

This paper discusses the dominance of AMD and Intel as they are the two main computer chip producers in the market and their price reduction strategies that resulted in a loss for both enterprises. Also, the paper highlights the applied prisoner dilemma strategy. The methodology section of this research includes a payoff matrix between the two companies, followed by an analysis of CPU prices offered by Intel and AMD. And finally, an illustration of Intel’s share of sales to analyze the market standing of the two companies. The findings of this study show that Intel needs to readjust its pricing policy as slashing prices cannot be maintained in the long term.

Circulation of counterfeit (fake) money is a part of crimes against currency. At present, crimes against currency continue to occur and are latent, the most important impact caused by crimes against currency is public interest and can threaten monetary conditions and the national economy. This research was conducted to see how the problem of criminal investigations against criminals as money dealers and their obstacles. The research method used in this research is descriptive research method, and examples of legal events at the Umbulharjo Police, Yogyakarta City. Next, what are the legal settlement steps and criminal sanctions against counterfeit (fake) money dealers, based on the provisions in Indonesian positive law regulated in the Criminal Code and more specific laws and regulations, namely Law Number 7 of 2011 About Currency. Where the provisions of the criminal law are contained in articles 33 through 41. It is necessary for the role of Bank Indonesia to continuously disseminate information on the ins and outs of money being measured, especially in certain denominations.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the short-term and long-term relationship between European funds and economic growth in the new member states (NMS-11) as a group and Bulgaria in particular in the period 2014-2020. The influence of EU funding on the economies of NMS and Bulgaria has been assessed through a methodology based on Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The research results imply that, as a public investment, the absorbed EU funds affect the economic growth of the NMS – 11 in the short term, but not in the long term. The analysis of the relationship between economic growth and the EU funds absorbtion rate in Bulgaria indicate that there is a short-term positive but not long-term impact of the absorbed EU funds on the growth rate of real GDP.

The study researches a set of problems regarding the role of the Labour Inspectorate in its capacity as a supervisory authority on compliance with labour legislation in Bulgaria. In view of the objectives they have set, the authors trace back in logical sequence the historical development of the supervisory authority and its current regulations. The study performs an up- to- date normative analysis of the main legal tools for exercising control of compliance with labour legislation. Based on the research, summaries and conclusions of practical importance are formulated so that the legal framework may be updated.

It is generally accepted that municipal property is a basic prerequisite for financial autonomy and administrative independence of local authorities. In Bulgaria, municipalities received ownership rights from the Constitution (1991) and this regulation was further confirmed by the Law on Local Self-Government and Local Administration (1991). In 1996 municipal property was finally settled with the adoption of the Law on Municipal Property and the Law on State Property. In the late 1990s local governments received significant amounts of assets from the central government. The process was accompanied by abuses of administrative authority, corruption scandals, and financial mismanagement. Two decades latter, Bulgarian municipalities have different types of assets, but the effectiveness of local financial management is still a topical issue. This paper aims to analyse and estimate the financial performance of nine enterprises owned by Blagoevgrad municipality with Z-Score model. The analyzed period covers the years from 2006 to 2020. The results indicate that municipal enterprises can achieve profitability while providing a wide range of services to the local community.

Communication is one of the reasons for the success of companies. The ability to understand each other during work leads to the creation of favorable working conditions and a working environment. At the same time, it helps to establish good relations between employees. However, communication barriers are emerging in every organization. These barriers prevent effective communication. The main goal of this study is to determine whether the occurrence of communication barriers in the company affects the work performance of employees. To achieve the goal, we will use data obtained from a questionnaire survey. These data were collected from a sample of respondents from the Slovak Republic. The data were processed using MS Excel and IBM SPSS Statistic 25. In our article, we proved that the occurrence of communication barriers in the company does not affect the work commitment of employees.

A good and healthy environment is a human and constitutional right for every Indonesian citizen (UUD NRI 1945). However, increasingly complex environmental problems continue to threaten human rights, such as cases of forest and land fires. The community is the most disadvantaged party due to the forest and land fires, ranging from environmental damage, healthy problems, delays in the learning process in schools, and other activities that have an impact on economic losses. In this case, the community cannot apply for restitution. The legal problem is that there is a void in norms governing the restitution process for victims affected by environmental crimes in general, including victims of forest and land fires. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to formulate a formulation in the criminal justice system in Indonesia related to legal protection in the form of compensation/restitution for the victims affected by forest and land fires. This type of research is a legal research with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, a case approach, and uses a legal material analysis technique in the form of a qualitative descriptive technique with inductive logic. The results of this study conclude that the formulation of appropriate norms must be carried out immediately and must also be made in a balanced manner, not sharp down and blunt up, these regulations must be made taking into account the rights and obligations as well as the dignity and worth of the community as victims of forest and land fires based on Human Rights (HAM) which recognizes the basic human right to be able to live in a good and healthy environment and is obliged to maintain and be responsible for all actions to prevent pollution. Restitution is given taking into account the amount of losses suffered by the affected victims.