The study is geographically focused on the Manila Trench, located in the west Pacific Ocean, South China Sea, west Philippines. The research aims at the geological mapping, analysis and visualizing variations in the submarine geomorphology of the Manila Trench. Technically, the work was done using Generic Mapping Tools scripting toolset (GMT). A combination of various GMT modules was applied for geospatial modelling. Methodology includes cartographic data integration and interpretation through approaches of data analysis: topographic plotting, geophysical modelling, geological mapping and statistical analysis. The data included SRTM, ETOPO1, geoid and gravity grids (CryoSat-2, Jason-1). Two sets of the cross-section profiles of the trench were automatically digitized. The profile transects were compared and differences in the geomorphic shape in southern and northern parts revealed. Southern part has steeper slope on the western part. Northern part is steeper on the continental slope part. The submarine terraces are located on the northern segment at depths -2,000 m. The depth and geomorphology of the slope vary for the range -3,500 to -4,500 m: minimals for the northern part with 526 samples (18.2%) for the depths -4,000 to -4,200 m. The histogram for the northern part has bimodal distribution with two peaks. The southern part shows 142 values for the minimals -3,500 to -3400 m. The statistical analyses revealed that northern part of the trench is deeper. The GMT functionality shown in this paper enabled integration and interpretation of the multi-source data: automatically digitized profiles, geological mapping, 2D and 3D bathymetric modelling, statistical analysis, mathematical approximation of the trend modelling. The GMT proved to be capable of visualizing geodata that can significantly improve Earth studies and interpretation of submarine geomorphology of the oceanic trenches through the advanced data analysis.

In this study, Penning ion trap, which traps ions using electric field and magnetic field, is investigated. Penning traps are used in many laboratories around the world. Penning trap is used for mass determination as a mass spectrometer in basic physics research, for controlling quantum states and for ion trapping. Simbuca simulation program was used for other quantities of single ion or multiple ions such as ion dynamics and ion temperature. Simbuca is a modular Penning (ion) trap simulation program written in C++ programming language. Ideal Trap was used for ions. It is also used as a simulation of ion movement in a Penning trap with realistic Buffer gas collisions and Coulomb interaction using the A Graphics Card. However, Coulomb is a program applicable to other applications requiring charged particle tracking under the influence of electric and magnetic fields, with or without interaction. Buffer Gas method was used to cool the trapped ions. Helium gas, one of the noble gas atoms, was used as buffer gas. Ion dynamics of ions before and after the use of buffer gas were investigated. The data from the trap is set to 1 ms. In addition, using the same trap parameters and initial values for ions, the temperature values before and after the application of buffer gas for 100 units of 7 Li and 11 B ions were calculated separately. In addition, temperature changes for different ions were investigated using Coulomb effect for 100 ions.

In this study, the failures in Transformer Centers in Mersin Province Erdemli District have been investigated. The causes of the failures have been discussed. It is aimed to create a method for the reasons of possible failures of power transformer. The data have been collected by investigating the faults occurring at the Erdemli Substations. The failure statistics of the 200 power transformer failures that occurred between 2003 and 2019 in the Erdemli district of Mersin province have been examined. Examples of different power transformer failures have been given in fault analysis. The reasons of power transformer failures and the precautions to be taken have been explained.

Mathematical modeling has been extended to simulate some physical systems to calculate some parameters that may need a sophisticated cost or may have some obstacles to be measured directly with an experimental method. In this study, the Modified Callaway Model has been used to calculate size dependence lattice thermal conductivity (LTC), and the influence of carrier concentration for bulk Si and its nanowires (NWs) with diameters of 22, 37, 56, and 115 nm has been investigated. Calculations were performed from 3K to 1600K for all cases. The effects of carrier concentration on LTC has found to begin from (10 16 cm -1 ) for the bulk state and that increased to (10 24 cm -1 ) for the NW with a diameter of 22 nm. The temperature that the maximum effect of carrier concentration can occur, has found to be at (10 K) for the bulk, and that increased to (340 K) for the (22 nm) Si NW.

In this study, MAG welding method was used. 2 mm thick TRIP 800 steel sheets are used in different welding parameters. Microstructures of welded joints were analyzed by taking OM (optical microscope) images from the main metal areas of the welding zone, HAZ (the region under the influence of heat). Depending on the welding parameters, (welding current: 40-50-60 Ampere, and welding speed: 5-7.5 mm/sn), ferritic, HAZ and martensitic phase regions were determined in microstructures in the main metal, HAZ and welding regions, respectively. The strengths of the welded connections were measured using the tensile test. Welding wire speed is chosen to obtain high penetration and ideal width welding seams. The strength of the welded bond using these parameters is determined as 1266 MPa as the highest value. It was determined that grain growth and martensitic phase transformations occur in fusion regions and result in brittle fracture. The Fusion zone and other regions were analyzed with finite elements.

Groundwater is widely used for both potable water and agricultural purposes in Turkey. In this study, groundwater quality and the factors of contamination with their impact areas has been assessed using geographical information systems and geostatistical techniques at Seyfe Lake, east of Kırşehir province. For this purpose, the samples from groundwater has been chemically analyzed depending on TS 266-2005 and WHO-2006 standards and contamination maps has been prepared using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation techniques. It has been thought that the contaminations at the study area is related with lithology and NO3, SO4, As, F and U increase depending on unconscious use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture. The groundwater that can be used as potable water has been determined around Bozçaldağ formation (marble). Therefore, it has been foreseen that Bozçaldağ formation areas can primarily be preferred for groundwater that will be used as potable water.

This study aims to investigate hydrogeological, geochemical and geotechnical properties of the Aksaray University campus area. Within this context, the hydrogeochemical results of water samples collected from 4 different water points from the campus area, geochemical analysis of 17 soil samples, and geotechnical properties of rock samples obtained from drill core and description of core-logging performed in 2008 were evaluated. Hydrogeological studies have shown that two different water facies with Na-Cl and Ca-Cl water types developed in the study area. These waters are classified as low quality, but usable, and 3rd quality for irrigation water according to irrigation water standards and electrical conductivity values. According to geotechnical experiments, it was determined that the argillaceous limestone, which spread widely under the cover of the campus area, had bearing capacity of 36.5 kg/cm2 and belonged to the low strength rock class. As and Pb contents of the soil samples are at higher values, compared to the average upper crust values. According to the anomaly distribution maps prepared for Cl and Na elements, it was determined that east, southwest and northwest parts of the campus area contain higher values of Na and Cl than that of other parts of campus. The results of this study will provide more planned and efficient green-area studies to be carried out in the campus area and protection of the green-areas.

Mammography and standard breast imaging devices in the hospital are not enough an accurate diagnosis of breast cancer especially over the 40 years old and overweight women. The spatial resolution of the scintillation detector system is a highly important parameter for nuclear medical imaging. GATE simulation program, based on GEANT4, is used for the investigation of the SPECT system with different scintillations which are commonly used in the imaging device. Medical images for the point source are obtained by ImageJ software and image properties such as spatial resolution and mean grey values are compared for the several scintillations. This research shows that the spatial resolution value for GAGG(Ce), relatively new scintillation material, is very close to SrI which is one of the expensive scintillators. NaI, LaBr and CeBr are extremely hygroscopic and not easy to be packaging with a specific shape. Therefore, GAGG(Ce) are found to be encouraging result to be a part of the novel medical image device. This study also shows how important using collimator in front of the scintillation material for obtaining a meaningful image and how improved the image quality using the array scintillator instead of one single block. There is not any research regarding medical imaging obtained by GAGG(Ce) scintillation material in GEANT4 simulation, so this research data presented are the first of their kind.

This paper focus on the comparative fatigue life prediction of spur gears based on finite element method under fully reversed load conditions. Gears being the vital components of any automobiles, power generation systems and in heavy machinery industries, need to have good fatigue properties such as fatigue life, endurance limit and fatigue strength for better life and performance of the equipment or machinery. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to simulate fully reversed loading conditions in the fatigue life prediction on general gear materials, SAE materials like ALSI4027, SAE1045-450-QT, SAED 5506 and SAE5160-825-QT. The finite element method (FEM) has been performed on the gear models to observe the distribution of stress and damage. A comparison was made on the fatigue life and the results were analyzed. Finally, conclusions were given.

Noise is an important physical risk factor in natural stone processing plants as in many other industries. For this reason, determination of the noise level occurring in natural stone cutting processes is important in terms of worker health and safety. Natural stone cutting operations are carried out by circular saws with diamond socket. In addition to the rock properties and cutting parameters, the diameter of the saw body and the structure of the sockets affect the noise intensity during cutting. In this study, a boron carbide non-doped (0% B 4 C) saw and 7 different ratios (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7% B 4 C) boron carbide doped circular saws have been produced. Changes in noise levels during cutting experiments performed with boron carbide doped circular saws were examined in terms of worker health and safety. As a result of the data obtained, it was determined that the noise level produced by circular saw with 1% B 4 C was the lowest. The circular saw with 1% B 4 C is thought to contribute to the natural stone sector in terms of worker health.