This study aims to determine the analysis of the financial performance of building sub-construction companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period using the Du Pont System method. The Du Pont System includes the calculation of Net Profit Margin (NPM), Total Asset Turnover (TATO), Return On Investment (ROI), Equity Multiplier (EM) and Return On Equity (ROE). The research method used is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach and the data collection technique used is the company's annual report documentation technique. Based on the analysis and discussion, it can be seen that the Du Pont System analysis of building construction sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period shows a fairly good ROE performance, this is based on a comparison of industry standards. PT. Total Bangun Persada Tbk and PT. Wijaya Karya Bangunan Gedung Tbk is the company with the largest ROE, namely 18.37% and 17.18%, when compared to industry standards, these two companies are in very good condition. This indicates that the company is able to provide a very good return on the capital invested by the shareholders. The results of the research show that the average NPM ratio is in good condition which reflects the company can reduce costs so as to produce maximum profit. The average ratio of TATO and ROI shows a bad company condition that reflects the company's inefficient management of assets for sales and inefficient investment of assets. The results of the average EM show that the company's condition is quite good which reflects the company's efficiency in using its own capital to finance assets.

Conventional vehicles are a threat to environmental pollution, as the emission of the gasses from the vehicles using fossil fuel affects the whole environment. This concern has led the researchers and inventors to work upon the study of electric vehicles. Electric vehicles are said to be incorporating as the approach for decarbonisation and environment friendly transportation system. The contemporary world is emerging its focus on the Electric Vehicles as an alternative of the old school vehicles they emit harmful gasses. This paper focuses on the invention and innovation of the electric vehicles as they not only reduce the noise pollution, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions but also focuses on the economic sustainability keeping the inflation across nations in mind. Hence, the study soaks data from the available literature in order to have point of view regarding how Electric Vehicles play a role in sustainable development and further talks about the future market of these vehicles that depends upon its sustainability.

The purpose of this research is to examine how humor leadership styles affect innovation and productivity in Pakistan's mobile telecommunications industry in the south Punjab area. It examines how emotional intelligence may be used by leaders to boost organisational performance. This research demonstrates the impact that emotional intelligence has on innovation and productivity in the telecommunications industry in this area. This research uses information from a highly regarded mobile telecommunications industry in the South Punjab area of Pakistan. This article explores a variety of perspectives on leadership. In various settings, these theories argue, leaders act in certain ways. For them, the ultimate success of their businesses depends on continuing the current trend of development and productivity. This research also discusses the many leadership styles used by successful business owners and managers to foster an environment where innovation and productivity thrive. The information for this research was gathered by use of questionnaires. The study's statistical analysis and findings corroborate the link between hilarious leadership and employee innovation, which in turn boosts organisational effectiveness. Humorous leadership is seen to have a beneficial influence on employees' ability to think beyond the box. A leader should keep the office lighthearted to foster an environment conducive to innovation. KEYWORDS: Organizational effectiveness, emotional acuity, self-defeating humour, self-enhancing comedy, mobile communications, and staff creativity are all boosted by humour that fosters social connections and competition.

I am writing this letter to you in order to bring light toward the special issue of poultry production in Pakistan. There are several diseases in poultry which causing stress in poultry production. Some are viral diseases which don’t have treatment [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Only vaccination and biosecurity measures can prevent disease. There are some viral diseases which are effecting poultry badly, Newcastle Disease, Infectious Bronchitis, Marek’s Disease, Infectious Chicken Anemia, and Infectious Bursal Disease. Some are bacterial diseases which can be treated through antibiotics [6, 7, 8, 9]. There are some bacterial diseases which are effecting poultry badly, Infectious Coryza, MG, Salmonella diseases are some major bacterial disease. There are some Protozoal diseases which are effecting poultry production and these can be treated through anti-protozoal drugs.

In essence, African political thought evolved as a result of colonialism and the anti-colonial reactions of first-order African elites. The debate among the episodic and the epochal school of thought over the place of colonialism in African political thought suggests that it took colonialism to inform the people of the continent that they were Africans. Also that Africa had a glorious pre-colonial past. It offered the diverse peoples of the continent a rallying point for unity. This unity was the basis of the anti-colonial reactions especially in the decade before political independence in Africa. This work attempts to examine the origin of African political thought, and the decolonization process in selected regions of the continent namely North-West Africa (Tunisia and Morocco) and British West-Africa. The main source of data collection depends on secondary materials

The main risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in adults seem to be influenced, at least in part, by behavioral habits formed in infancy. According to research, teens do not understand the risk for cardiovascular disease and do not believe they are at risk (Vanhecke et al., 2006). Teenagers' longitudinal observations reveal risk factors including obesity remain over time and are connected to the clustering of metabolic syndrome components (Berenson et al., 2005)., According to an Indian study, adolescents from middle- and upper-class families in India have a significant frequency of metabolic and dietary coronary risk factors (Gupta et al., 1998) . In light of this, the current study was conducted to determine the level of risk factor awareness among schoolchildren. The sampling frame consisted of all students enrolled in grades matric through intermediate at the School A in Pakistan.

In modern times, there are many recreational areas including, Gunung Lampu Tapaktuan Tourism. This destination is very crowded with local and foreign tourists. This study aims to determine the number of visitors, optimize the place, evaluate the area's attractiveness, and know how the tool works using the experimental method. Furthermore, the Internet of Things (IoT) connects physical objects with electronics, software, sensors, and networks that make these objects collect and transmit data. From the results of the trials that have been carried out, every passing visitor is read by an ultrasonic sensor and then sent to the Thingspeak server using the internet network and the registered apikey. The ultrasonic sensor sends data that has been read to the thing peak channel that is connected to the device so that the results of the monitoring are the number of visitors in the form of graphs and tables. The results of testing the tool for seven days contained a total of 1,596 manual data, 1,582 people were detected, and 14 people were not detected. While visitors came out there were 1,559 people caught, and 37 people were not seen. From the seven days of testing, 99.12% of incoming visitors were detected and 97.68% of outgoing visitors were detected. So that it can be concluded, that this tool has been functioning correctly.

Learning statistics generally still presented in the form of stories in the books. This study aims to determine the visualization of the basic concepts of presenting statistical data using video. video designs stories into real stories experienced by students so that fact objectivity is created. it aims to make the messages in the story match the experiences experienced by students. this creating recaling knowledge and creating understanding. The research method used in this research is qualitative research with the phenomenological type, where the video is visually used to present messages, namely the concept of presenting data in tables and diagrams. The presentation technique in the video is in the form of a message demonstration that contains facts, concepts, procedures and principles. As for the data analysis used later, namely the observation data, interviews and documentation after using the video by means of data triangulasi. The research of this study were to compare the observation data, interviews and documentation in the form of student understanding data. Based on the observation data, it shows that students pay attention to the video and can explain the story again in the video. interview data shows and answers many type of data and its presentation. documentation data in the form of activity data in class at the second meeting compared to data at the first meeting without using video. Observations, interviews and the results obtained that observations with the aim of knowing whether students understand the sequence in the story is worth 74%, remembering the presentation data 86%, understanding the explanation of data in tables and diagrams 84%, explaining and explaining problems when the video is repeated 75%. This data was obtained when making observations and asking students when they were shown a video.

Due to the anisotropic, heterogeneous structure, and advanced mechanical properties of these materials combined with the size effects in micromachining, micromachining of nanocomposites is thought to be a challenging operation. In terms of high cutting force, poor surface quality, and rapid tool wear, it results in worse machinability. The first of these two parts of this review paper will provide a thorough overview of the mechanical characteristics of diverse nanocomposites, while the second part will concentrate on the micro-machinability of these nanocomposite materials.

An essential part of commercial poultry production is safeguarding flocks of birds against contamination by unwanted microorganisms. Currently, a serious issue called salmonellosis poses a threat to the chicken industry globally. The two most virulent serovars in avian species, Salmonella gallinarium and Salmonella pullorum (Fowl Typhoid) cause systemic infection and significant financial losses in the poultry sector. Salmonella nontyphoidal serotypes (Paratyphoid illness) pose a risk to the public's health because of their role in cases of food poisoning and their significance as zoonotic agents. All animals, including humans, can transmit the intestinal bacterium known as salmonella. Out of a total of 2500 serovars, Salmonella pullorum (pullorum illness) and S. gallinarum (bird typhoid) are the two host-adapted serovars that primarily harm poultry. Salmonella can spread horizontally from contaminated environments to birds as well as vertically from parent flocks to offspring. The danger of the introduction and persistence of infections can be substantially reduced by good management of biosecurity. This study is an overview of Salmonella in poultry which tell us some diagnostic and treatment of salmonella. By reading this study people will get sound knowledge regarding salmonella even they will be able to do desirable management in order to save their birds from Salmonella.