Depression is a mental disorder that disrupts people’s thoughts and behaviors. Today, depression is recognized as one of the most common mental illnesses worldwide that need to be studied and investigated in some disciplines and through literature in particular. Anyone may develop depression regardless of age or social background, yet, women are most likely prone to depression. Numerous theories have studied the nature of depression, its causes, symptoms, and healing process; among these is Aaron T. Beck’s model of depression. Beck’s model gives a comprehensive examination of depression and provides a therapeutic theory based on the model, known as cognitive behavior therapy CBT. Therefore, to understand depression in terms of Beck’s cognitive model and uncover the reasons that lead women to develop depression, the study utilizes the literary text The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath, which is a semi-autobiographical novel; that recounts heroin’s battle with depression. The research opens new horizons for psychological analysis in the literary domain and directs people’s attention toward the threatening consequences of depression.

This article is a reflection on Nineteen Eighty-Four, one of the famous novels by George Orwell, a British writer and journalist. It shows through a techno-critical analysis that, although the novel is science-fiction in that it is part of a dystopian approach to the literary genre, it also inspires and expresses current techno-scientific innovations through the emblematic figure of Big Brother. Moreover, just as Big Brother is the only symbol of the INGSOC, a single political party of which O'Brien is the leader, techno-scientific innovations are more or less embodied by political powers which, if they use them to control people's lives and subject them to their ideologies, can become totalitarian and despotic, even if they were previously democratic. In this logic, they deprive people of their freedoms, especially their freedom of thought and expression.

This study aims to determine the sociology of the author in the poetry anthology Ar-Robi fii Qalbi by Sofi Ghoniyah based on the perspective of Rene Wellek and Austin Warren. This research focuses on four aspects, namely (1) the social background of the author in the anthology of poetry Ar-Robi fii Qalbi by Sofi Ghoniyah based on the perspective of Rene Wellek and Austin Warren; (2) the author's social integration in the poetry anthology Ar-Robi fii Qalbi by Sofi Ghoniyah based on the perspective of Rene Wellek and Austin Warren; (3) author's economic sources in the poetry anthology Ar-Robi fii Qalbi by Sofi Ghoniyah based on the perspective of Rene Wellek and Austin Warren; (4) professionalism in the authorship of Sofi Ghoniyah's anthology of poetry Ar-Robi fii Qalbi based on the perspective of Rene Wellek and Austin Warren. This type of research is qualitative research. The data source of this research uses an anthology of poetry entitled "Ar-robi fii qalbi" by Sofi Ghoniyah. While the secondary data sources of this research were obtained from reading books or journals discussing the sociological theory of the authors Rene Wellek and Austin Warren. Data collection techniques in this study used interview techniques and note-taking techniques. The data validation technique used in this study is to increase persistence, triangulate data, and discuss with colleagues and experts. Meanwhile, for the data analysis technique, this research uses the Miles and Huberman method, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The researchers produced several data, namely (1) the author of the poetry anthology Ar-Robi fii qalbi is an educated author and has close interactions with her environment. (2) The author of the poetry anthology Ar-Robi fii qalbi has a high degree of integration. He mingles with the general public. (3) The main economic source of the author in Ar-Robi's poetry anthology is not through her work but in her educational activities. As a teacher, her work is often used as learning material for her students. (4) The author of the poetry anthology Ar-Robi fii qalbi has high professionalism in the authorship of her work.

African, black, coloured, Negro, and, more recently, Afro-American, or African-American, was the most often used and accepted terminology. These phrases were included in legislation limiting people's freedoms and human rights. So, racial discrimination is one of the most discussed topics nowadays and throughout history. It means the denial of opportunity for a specific group of people. It is usually based on a number of factors, such as race, the color of skin, social class, and religion. The present research aims at showing racial discrimination and the dilemma of color in two Afro-American female and male playwrights. They are Zola Neale Hurston (1891-1960) and Langgston Hughes (1920-1967). In her play Color Struck (1926), Hurston sheds light on the problem of colorism and its effect on women. It deals with the dilemma of Emma, a young black lady whose deep color-consciousness leads to an inferiority complex under miners in her own life and future. Hughes also addresses the realistic source of conflict in Mulatto (1935), which is the color line that individuals must transcend in order to embrace each other as human beings. The study concludes with a conclusion that summarizes the findings.

By the end of the eighteenth century, England witnessed a great event, that is, the French revolution, but what is more important is the British revolution which was the revolution of ideas. The Victorian age is an age of ideas, strictness, developments, depression, aristocracy, doubt, taboo, morals, and many other conventions. These changes are detected in great literary activities, discoveries in science, history, religion, politics, customs, and many other fields. Between the 30's and the 40s, many voices were heard through different kinds of art, showing the bad conditions of the working class. The major figure of the Victorian age is Oscar Wilde (1854 – 1900). He is the first to introduce problem plays, which deal with the problems of the age. His social comedies were not to solve social problems but to deliver his ideas about the vanity of his age.

This study seeks to examine how Arnold Wesker’s The Merchant (1976) appropriates the canonical Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice (1595). The study investigates Wesker’s reasons behind his adaptation of Shakespeare’s Shylock as a British working-class Jewish playwright. Employing multicultural perspectives, this study discusses how Wesker rewrote his Shylock, subverting and redeeming Shakespeare’s Shylock, and how Wesker’s version represents class, race, religion, and other cultural phenomena to resemble or differ from the original text’s representations. The paper is interested in exploring how Wesker reshapes the popular imagination, the ideological assumptions of the public, and how the cultural tradition of Shakespearean Shylock is viewed. Wesker’s personal struggle as a Jewish working-class playwright is one of the vital variables examined in this study. The study reveals how Wesker voices his own literary thought, ideological philosophies, and anger, redeeming himself of the discrimination and the feeling of being an outsider in the British Theatre establishment.

The present paper is an attempt to explore the representations of disability and People with Disabilities (PWD) in the Moroccan novel Au Pays by focusing on one character, Nabil, a trisomic child, and exploring how he is seen through the lens of his society. Sometimes seen as a gift from God and other times as a burden, Nabil epitomizes other people with disabilities who live in societies as outcasts. The analysis showed that the exclusion of PWD is the result of the continuous association of disability with abnormality and the inability to understand and thus accept difference. This association eventually yields disabled societies, which further constribute the systematic exclusion of PWD.

This study discusses Arab diasporic women living in the ethnic communities in Western societies in Hanan Al-Shaykh’s The Occasional Virgins (2015). The novel shows how different and multiple types of oppression affect women's life and how Arab diasporic women respond to such situations. It also traces Arab women's resistance to patriarchy in their native culture and the challenges of adaptation to the new country. Furthermore, the study comes across the significant role of homeland–memory and experience in moulding Arab diasporic women's identities. Such memories are used to challenge host countries' racism and cultural stereotypes to construct true Arab female identities and rebirth, new strong Arab women.

Throughout postcolonial societies, identity is amongst the most contentious and problematic concerns. The topic of identity in postcolonial literature will be explored in this study, using critical postcolonial theory to examine the complicated topic of identity struggles in Tayeb Salih's Season of Migration to the North (1969) and Hanif Kureishi’s short story My Son the Fanatic (1994). Following a detailed examination, the study highlights the complex concept of hybridity and identity in a neocolonial environment, where a false concept of ‘purity’ defines and establishes identities. The protagonists’ struggles to improve and preserve an identity that straddles the line between complete integration and abandonment of their own culture are depicted in the study. The findings of the study demonstrate how issues occur when the West is placed higher than the East, and the postcolonial self is brainwashed and absorbed by this ideology. According to this study, oriental and occidental identities conflict still exists as long as the West maintains dominance over the East.