Aim: This research aims to examine the forms and features of understanding and grasping urban space through the senses. In the study, unlike the eye-centred paradigm, it discusses the importance of understanding urban space, not only with the sense of sight, but also with other senses, and its importance in making sense of it. Method: Between January and September 2021, Kadıköy Yeldeğirmeni, Rıhtım Avenue, Karakolhane Street and İskele Street were experienced and sensory analysis of these experienced axes was made.The sensations felt were evaluated using graphical expression in the computer environment. During the sensory analysis, no instrument was used to measure the intensity of the sensations, and the experiencing body was taken as the basis. The scale showing the intensity of the sensations is subjective, and the interval regions in the diagrams are not a mathematical value, but the experienced area. Results: According to the sensory analysis, the sensations and dominant sensations on the three axes differ. The factors that create each sensation are also different. It was determined that sound, motion and visual sensations were dominant in İskele Street, sound sensation in Rıhtım Street, and sound and smell sensation in Karakolhane Street. In this study, in which the eye-centred paradigm was questioned, it was noted that urban space can be grasped with multi-sensational perception. Although visual sense is dominant today, urban experiences consist of the sum of sight, smell, sound, muscle-balance and touch senses. The fact that visuality comes to the fore in the representation of sensations also shows the need for new studies to be done.

Within this study, we claim that a relationship can be established between the tendency to minimalization, which stands against the tendency to the consumption-display-luxury, and the micro-utopias that are developed as a reaction to the utopia of mainstream art. Aim: In this study we reconsidered the concept of micro-utopia and aim to extend the conceptual and spatial meanings of it through the analysis of the film “Downsizing”. Method: We focused on the minimalist lifestyle within the framework of the relational aesthetic theory, which looks at art as a tool to create new possibilities through alternative art productions against the utopias of the main art movements. The concept of micro-utopia has been deciphered through the selected film. Not only the micro-utopian urban context is described, but also the social manifestations of spatial reflections are analyzed. Findings: The analyzes show us that utopia and micro-utopia give the same social results in the consumer society. Results: With this study we argue that micro-utopias cannot produce a significant difference in everyday life likewise minimalism cannot be the tool for producing new social solutions on its own.

Aim: Turkey is a country with high disaster risk and rapid urbanization increase the seismic risk in certain regions. Therefore, urban transformation projects have come to the agenda as a solution in our country in recent years. This study is a research that aims to manage the transformation process with the urban morphology approach by considering the place-context morphologically, which is generally ignored in urban transformation projects. Method: In the field study, spatial analyzes were made by comparing the morphological parameters such as street pattern, building-density relationship, use of open green space, and building island patterns before and after the intervention. Findings: As a result of the analysis, it has been seen that the street and permeable urban fabric has deteriorated, thus the stratification of private and public spaces is eliminated, with the combination of parcels and building blocks to obtain a single building block. It has been observed that the human scale has been damaged by the increasing densities, which have resulted from mass growth. Conclusion: Space is a phenomenon produced by society. We can make inferences from morphological parameters in order to understand this phenomenon and use it as data in urban transformation applications.

Aim: The research aims to propose an analysis framework that enables the rhetorical reading of the covers with different functions in urban spaces. Method: In the method of the research, four rhetorical canons from Cicero were transformed into an analysis (reading) framework. In the doctrine of invention, the current change of the canopy is interpreted as an "urban condition" and overlaps with the state of the language. In the arrangement canon, 4 cover classifications were made in accordance with urban situations. The style canon examines the formation of the structure and the referential thought it is based on through metaphor, metonym, hyperbola, parabola. In the memory canon, the characteristics of the chosen style figure, such as the ability to explain the idea of form and fiction, convey its concept, and be evocative and memorable, are examined. Results: Four spatial structures (Metropol Parasol, Fuji Kindergarten, Jay Pritzker Pavilion and Dels Encants District Market) are selected for the canopy classes determined in the study. In the next stage, these selected samples are analyzed according to the rhetorical analysis method created. The findings show that the striking shapes of today's magnificent canopies are based on quite extensive rhetorical figures. Conclusion: Analysis has demonstrated that underlying the complexity of the forms is the technological development and digitalization of construction systems and design thinking that references many main sources such as history, memory, and nature.

Hitler’s Germany witnessed the most influential political power activities in world history before and during the Second World War. Germany’s collapse both politically and economically in the early 1930s enabled Hitler to take action. This structure, which relied on the new political stance behind it, has ensured its legitimacy and ideology with propaganda works. Nazis used the social power of architecture as a tool to support the new order that they were establishing. Aim: This study aims to investigate the effects on the forming and shaping of the city and the designed buildings, planned according to the Nazi ideology fundamentals. Method: In the article, concepts of ideology and propaganda are discussed. The propaganda methods used during the Hitler period are briefly explained. Through the relationship between ideology and architecture, the reflections of ideology on Nazi architecture have been determined. By evaluating the relationship of Hitler's architectural preferences with ideology, it was determined how it was treated as a propaganda tool. Findings: It was determined that the effects of Hitler's ideology on the shaping of Nazi architecture had an independent style of national socialism and classicism established on European typology and morphology. The relationship between the monumental architecture utilized in Nazi Germany and the styles in the history of architecture was detected. Although it is impossible to classify Hitler's architectural preferences under a single title and to say that the Third Reich has an official architectural style, it was determined that Nazi Architecture, founded on the neoclassical basis, was developed and changed around this framework. Conclusion: For architecture to thrive, it needs an innovative, unrestricted and creative environment rather than a repressive one. Politics is expected to be supportive rather than conflicting with architecture. Instead of imitation, supporting historical searches with creativity will develop architecture.

The Redif Barracks situated in Vezirköprü district has served as a barracks, school and public Education center since it was constructed. It is one of the rare examples of non-domestic civil architecture and it is important to sustain that. Aim: To determine the current features to protect, and to refunction the sustainability of the Redif Barracks which was used as a public Education center but evacuated recently and which faced malpractices. Method: The size was measured through modern techniques and building surveys were made. Thus, deterioration and problems with the structure were determined. Dating of the structure was made after a thorough literature review. While making suggestions on restitution, protection and functioning decisions were made. Findings: It was found that the post structure has been used up to today by various functions and has faced structural differences. It was also found that the post faced deteriorations by natural, human-driven and atmospheric causes. It was determined that the deterioration process accelerated since the structure was abandoned. It was concluded that the structure can be sustained by providing a new function suitable with its features and location. Conclusion: When the researches about the Redif Barracks were examined, it was determined that there was no mention of a barracks in Vezirköprü. To reverse the deterioration process of the structure which was documented through measurements, it is important to interfere. Therefore, it is understood that the structure should be kept alive by giving it the right function.

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of tourism and user density, which can directly affect the structures located on the periphery of the historical city square, on the function and silhouette of historical and new buildings. Hypothesis: The user density brought by tourism to the city square affects the function and silhouette of the buildings facing the square. Method: A field study was carried out to test the hypothesis. In the field study, the changes that the city center has undergone in the historical process, the functional changes of the buildings in the city center, today's functions and facades are examined. In the examination of the facades, various sources were used and evaluated under the main headings of mass/form, facade layout, floor heights and materials. Results: As a result of this study, it has been determined that the buildings that make up the silhouette of Ayvalık City Center are mostly shaped by the commercial function and the new buildings are mainly designed with the use of glass facade elements, while in historical buildings, changes have occurred in this context on the ground floors, and the signboards have become the main element of the silhouette. Conclusion: In the study, it has been determined that tourism does not directly affect the silhouette of the city square, but due to the increase in user density, the commercial activities in the square increase and this affects the facades of the buildings.

Biodesign concept is becoming more popular among studies that can help with reaching climate neutral built environment and combat global warming instead of continuing the common unsustainable lifestyle. Biodesign consists of learning and taking inspiration from nature, mimicking biological processes, and designing in collaboration with living organisms. Microalgae that live in aquatic environments can be used for this purpose and are the focus of this study. These photosynthetic organisms have an essential place in the ecosystems on earth. They serve as oxygen and ozone producers in the atmosphere, a sink for carbon dioxide, a food source, a biofuel resource, and a bio-degrader for waste. These functions are among the important needs of urban areas. Aim: This article aims to evaluate the possibilities of microalgae in the urban fabric for designing carbon neutral settlements. Method: The study examines the purposes and effects of algae applications through case studies. At the same time, SWOT analysis helps to understand the advantages and disadvantages of microalgae production for sustainable development. Results: The results show that microalgae applications help the built environment by realizing ecosystem services including, being carbon sinks, treating water, conserving energy, producing food, and improving air quality. Conclusion: Microalgae have the potential to minimize greenhouse gas emissions, improve soil, water and air quality, and ecological sustainability by promoting biodiversity. In addition, they serve socio-economic sustainability by providing employment, food security, energy security and resource savings, thus they have the potential to help reaching both carbon neutral cities and a sustainable environment.

Cemeteries are one of the indispensable forms of land use in urban areas or in the city. Urban cemeteries are among the green infrastructure elements all over the world, and with the increasing urbanization, they play an important role for urban biodiversity conservation. Aim: In this study, the urban plant diversity potential of the cemeteries was investigated and the ecosystem services provided by the tree species used were discussed. In this context, Kayseri City Cemetery, which is the largest cemetery of the city, was chosen as the study area. Method: First of all, on-site observation and investigation were made and the current state of the cemetery area was revealed, and plants in the area were identified. Then, with the table created on the basis of the literature review the ecosystem services provided by the dominant tree species in the area have been determined. Findings: As a result of on-site observations and investigation carried out in the cemetery a total of 101 taxa, 53 of which were coniferous and broad-leaved trees / shrubs, were identified. The supplier, organizer, habitat and cultural ecosystem services provided by the 10 dominant tree species were examined under 5 main topic such as social, cultural, economic, aesthetic and ecological benefits. Results: The study area on the basis of tree species; it provides many important ecosystem services such as increasing cultural-historical and aesthetic value, biodiversity potential, regulating the urban climate, recreation, improving public health and psychology. As a result, it is necessary to make an inventory of the cemeteries, which are an important land use in urban areas both for the rotection of urban plant diversity and for the sustainability of biological diversity, on the basis of natural-cultural-endemic species and to demonstrate their ecological value.

Aim: This study was carried out in order to determine the causes of structural problems and damages due to the ground in the tombs of Iskender Pasha Mosque. Method: Georadar (GPR) surveys were carried out by expert geophysical engineers to determine the location and level of soil-related structural problems and damages in two tombs located southeast of the Iskender Pasha Mosque. In georadar scans, Python-3 GPR device and 100 Mhz and 1.8 Ghz antenna were used. In georadar (GPR) measurement studies, data processing steps were followed and Reflex W (Sandmeier, 2003:31) program was used for these operations. Results: Structural problems, which were determined observationally by fieldwork in the tombs of İskender Pasha Mosque, were instrumentally supported by georadar (GPR) scans. As a result of the scans, voids, collapses and flooded areas on the tomb floors and their locations were determined. Conclusion: In this study, the locations and damage levels of the structural problems on the floors of the two tombs located southeast of the Iskender Pasha Mosque were determined by georadar (GPR) surveys. In the scans, it has been determined that there are subsidence deformations and areas that receive water in the first (1) and second (2) tombs, and the locations and levels of damage and deformations are shown with radargram sections. The study was completed by presenting suggestions for the structural problems that occurred in the tombs where ground surveys were made.