The Production-Oriented Approach (POA) is a novel teaching approach with Chinese characteristics that is also one of China's research hotspots in the field of English instruction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the theory's future development and challenges based on the research state of POA in China, in order to promote POA's application in a wider range. The researcher retrieved academic journals, master's and doctoral dissertations from CNKI regarding POA from 2016 to 2020 and discussed its application fields, research methods, and research contents in this study. The findings demonstrate that: 1) Chinese researchers' research on POA has advanced significantly in the last five years, with an overall increasing trend in the number of studies. 2) POA's research methodologies mostly consist of non-empirical and empirical research. 3) POA's research focuses mostly on the development of theoretical systems, teaching effectiveness research, teaching reform practice, and teaching compilation and usage. Simultaneously, this study outlines the present research on POA in China's limitations and evaluates its future development prospects.

The writing ability of Moroccan students is generally characterized by low language fluency. This article examines the impact of the implementation of graded readers as a syllabus intervention alternative rather than the textbook-based approach regarding teaching writing skill. The research design for this study is a mixed method. The qualitative method was twofold, in-class and online. The first tool was conducted via a series of observations and structured discussions with students. Likewise, the second tool was conducted through online forum interactions between the students one another and students with their instructor so as to measure their perceptions on the use of graded readers as a new method of dealing with the writing skill in preparation for the formative assessment quiz. Microsoft Teams platform, commissioned by the Ministry of Education, was used as a complementary medium to enhance in-class discussions where students are required to answer some open-ended questions. On the other hand, the quantitative method was used to measure the students’ outcomes by using the Rubric Calculator Software issued by Smekenseducation.com. The findings of this study demonstrate that the use of graded readers to improve the writing fluency was encouraging according to the positive results obtained from the analyzed data regardless of the time restrictions. The paper is concluded with several recommendations for more research in the field of study and the requirements needed for the best implementation of this creative method to boost the learners’ writing fluency.

Teaching writing has always been a more challenging task for EFL teachers as a result of its innate structural complexities and the linguistic sophistication required to accomplish writing. The pandemic and the resultant online teaching has made it even more challenging. Motivating the students, making the online classes interesting and maintaining the efficacy of the offline classes are some of the daunting tasks that stare at the EFL teachers at this juncture. With a view to addressing these problems, UTAS-Salalah and Ibra jointly conducted a webinar i.e. Teaching Writing Using Internet Tools for the teachers. The online platforms and tools discussed during the webinar, the literature survey, and the participants' feedback form the core of this research paper. The literature survey deals with both the problems of teaching writing and the problems of teaching it online. Then, it also discusses various online tools suggested by other researchers to make teaching writing more effective and fruit-bearing. A feedback questionnaire with Likert scale has been used to measure the efficacy of the proposed tools. The findings appear to confirm the usefulness of the said tools in teaching writing from the teachers' point of view.

Critical Stylistics is concerned with the study of ideology in literary and political texts. It draws on certain criteria from the stylistic analysis. Thus, this paper attempts to apply Jeffries’ (2010) model of critical stylistics to soliloquies of Shakespearean Hamlet. It specifically aims at analyzing the two soliloquies made by the character Hamlet using only three textual-conceptual functions of the model: Representing Actions/ Events/ States; Exemplifying and Enumerating; and Hypothesizing. These functions are adopted here because they somehow represent what the character is saying loudly. The data is analyzed qualitatively to show how the tools are used and then quantitatively to show how many times these same tools are used. This paper concludes that Shakespeare’s language is ideologically loaded and there are discrepancies in the frequency and function of these tools. Besides, the frequency of these tools proves how the ideology is enforced through the language of the text.

The emergence of the Internet gave birth to a new form of language that is unique to the users of the network. Netspeak is the language of the Internet and has adapted the features of both speaking and writing, however, Netspeak has its own unique characteristics as well. This study aimed to find the emerging lexical patterns of Netspeak as used by Filipinos, the extent of use of Netspeak in three most popular social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram and Twitter) as well as various domains of pop culture (entertainment, politics, fashion and sports) and its implications to the language studies in the Philippines. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this study. The corpora of the study were gathered from two months’ worth of social media activities focusing on the comments in the Facebook, Instagram and Twitter of selected public figures. The findings showed that the emerging lexical patterns of Netspeak were abbreviations and homophones and that social media platforms and pop culture domains affect the use of Netspeak features. The platform and domain that got the highest extent of usage of Netspeak lexical features were Twitter and Politics respectively. The results of this study will help in understanding the language that is used in the Internet as well as raise awareness that this kind of language exists.

The rich potential of folktales as a resource on matters of great cultural significance is revealed in this inquiry. In this study, the twenty (20) Meranaw stories (tutul) was scrutinized and evaluated with the critical lens focused this time on the area of cultural conceptualizations. To determine the cultural conceptualizations constructed in folktales, the analytical tool of Cultural Linguistics was used, specifically, the cultural schemas. Findings pertaining to cultural conceptualizations realized through folktales are the following: the Event schemas of courtship and marriage, honoring of the bride/wife (kapelawi/kalawi), thanksgiving (kakhandori), seasonal festivities (kalilang/kariyala), the Eid prayer (khutbah), and other social gatherings or communal celebrations (pakaradiyaan) are portrayed in the folktales; Role schemas which are not only about achieved and modified social roles or positions in a cultural group, it also includes an expected set of behavior associated with the roles. The role of a Sultan in his kingdom is depicted in the folktales; Closely related to role schemas are image schemas which provide a structure for certain conceptualizations. The latter is often readily imagined as iconic images, or popular conceptions of a person, for example, a datu is popularly imagined as a man of noble birth or a scion of the royal clan; Proposition schemas as models of thought and behavior are represented in the folktales by the order and customary law or norms of conduct (taritib ago igma). The two are the threads that establish and maintain relations in the fabric of Meranaw society. Strict adherence to taritib ago igma ensures harmony and order in society; Finally, emotion schemas contains affects and evaluations activated through association with other schemas. Presumably a very important emotion is Meranaw culture is the sense of shame or loss of face. Meranaw are a people who take pride in their lineage traced through the family tree (salsila).

‘Thirukkural’ written by Thiruvalluvar, is the most well-known and highly regarded work in the history of Tamil literature. Also, it is well known for its particular structure and wording. It is a distinctive and highly appealing work. Thirukkural has been studied approaching different literary theories. This paper tries to analyse Thirukkural based on the functional method of M. A. K. Halliday, his Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). Here, one chapter – Education - of 133 chapters of the Thirukkural is analyzed using Systemic Functional Linguistic framework to achieve functional groupings of the writer’s linguistic choices in order to express the meanings and find out how functional features contribute to making the poem potentially. The linguistic data collected from the Thirukkural were analyzed by using the functional analysis method. Consequently, how interpersonal relationships are created within texts, how information is organized in texts and how the ideological positions of writer are implanted in texts were shown and interpreted.

This study is aimed to identify the translation techniques used in the female characters of the comic of Pasutri Gaje which contain annoying speech. This research is embedded in a descriptive qualitative approach conducted and the purpose of the research is to identify the translation techniques used in translating sentences accomodating expression of annoyance in the conversations of female characters in the comic pasutri gaje. Data were collected through content analysis and validated by rater through focus group discussions (FGD). The results show that there were 160 data in comic Pasutri Gaje which used 13 translations techniques, namely established equivalence, explicitation, modulation, paraphrase, implications, compensation, pure borrowing, variant borrowing, transposition, adaptation, reduction, literal, discursive creation, literal.

This research aims to find out the critical discourse analysis in the text of speeches from Nadiem Makarim and Muhadjir Effendy. The speech was chosen because it is one of the objects in Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is an approach to analyse the relationship between language, ideology, and power. This research used the descriptive qualitative method. The researcher uses the three-dimensional framework by Norman Fairclough in analysing the data of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). In presenting and analyzing the data, the researchers used qualitative data analysis theory from Miles and Huberman (1994) in Gani (2011), consisting of data reduction, data display or representation, and conclusion drawing or verification. The result of this study shows that both the script of speeches from Nadiem Makarim and Muhadjir Effendy have micro, mezzo, and macro-level related to the framework of Norman Fairclough. The language used in both of the speeches is a standard language, but in the speech of Nadiem Makarim used more creative language that can touch the millennial generations, while in the speech of Muhadjir was the usual words that can make the audiences bored.

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is an approach that has been the subject of many practitioners and researchers in the field of language teaching and applied linguistics in many countries like the Philippines because of the recent changes and educational reforms, including lessons and curriculum innovations. Anchored to the CLT theory, this study used quantitative-qualitative content analysis of the daily lesson plans of the 7 purposively sampled Senior High School (SHS) language teachers teaching Oral Communication in Context (OCC). This aimed to identify the activities by cluster, assess which activities are CLT strategies, and determine their alignment to standards in the curriculum guide. Results revealed that the strategies used as classified through content analysis, and according to type and frequency included task-completion activity, opinion-sharing activity, mechanical practice activity, information-transfer activity, reasoning-gap activity, information-gap activity, communicative activity, information-gathering activity, fluency activity, accuracy activity, meaningful practice activity, and others. A number of strategies matched the CLT principles and features but vary on their respective percentages in each of the four phases, i.e., Activity-Analysis-Abstraction-Application (4As) of the lesson. These CLT strategies were found to be aligned to the Department of Education’s curriculum guide in terms of content standards, performance standards and assessment types. Implications of the findings to language teaching in the Philippines were drawn.