#### Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

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ISSN / EISSN : 0954-4089 / 2041-3009
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#### Latest articles in this journal

K Govindarajulu,
Published: 7 January 2022
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering; https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089211068245

Abstract:
The current exploration deals with the third grade hydromagnetic pulsating flow of blood-gold nanofluid in a channel with the presence of Ohmic heating, viscous dissipation and radiative heat. In the present analysis, blood (base fluid) is considered as third-grade fluid and gold (Au) as nanoparticle. This investigation is useful in the fields of food processing system, pressure surges (pulsatile flow application), biomedical engineering, nano drug delivery, radiotherapy, and cancer therapeutic (nanofluid application). Perturbation method is employed to transform the set of governing partial differential equations (PDEs) into the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and then solved by employing the fourth order Runge-Kutta method with the aid of the shooting technique. The impacts of emerging dimensionless parameters of velocity, temperature, and heat transfer rate of blood-Au nanofluid are analysed via pictorial outcomes in detail. The obtained results depict that the improvement in viscous dissipation and heat source enhanced the temperature of third grade nanofluid. The velocity and temperature of the nanofluid are declining functions with the enhancement of frequency parameter, material parameter, and non-Newtonian parameter respectively. Intensifying the volume fraction of nanoparticle dwindles the velocity and temperature of nanofluid. Enhancing volume fraction and viscous dissipation accelerates the heat transfer rate of nanofluid. The velocity, temperature, and heat transfer rates are decreased by an escalation of the Hartmann number. Further, enhancing the radiation parameter reduces the heat transfer rate and temperature of nanofluid.
M. Nikoueifar, A. Vaheb,
Published: 6 January 2022
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering; https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089211068237

Abstract:
Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is an innovative forming technology which is widely used in various sectors of mechanical production. This is particularly useful for rapid prototyping and limited batch without a specific die. A new class of this method is single-point incremental forming (SPIF). This paper presents a comprehensive experimental investigation on the SPIF of Aluminum sheets, and, in particular, the influence of the forming tool is taken into account. A new rolling ball tool is designed to follow this, and the formability of the Aluminum sheets under the SPIF procedure is investigated for both new and conventional tools. Moreover, a number of important process parameters such as the feed rate, forming force, and surface roughness are considered in the experiments’ design. Finally, the optimal conditions in achieving a developed SPIF procedure in terms of the mentioned factors are reported and discussed. The findings of this work suggest that the surface quality after the forming process can be enhanced by 55% when using the new designed tool, while the forming force is reduced by 38% at the same time.
Eslam Rezaei, , Reza Pourhamid
Published: 6 January 2022
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering; https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089211067082

Abstract:
In this study, the effects of the number of passes performed by the Equal Channel Angular Extrusion as a severe plastic deformation process on copper metal's microstructure and mechanical properties, especially its resistance to fatigue crack growth, have been investigated. The experimental results show that as the number of processes passes increases, the copper metal grains become finer and as a result less stress is concentrated at the starting points of the fatigue fracture, which delays the fracture. For example, after performing 8 ECAE process passes, the threshold values of fatigue crack growth increases by 113.2% relative to the base metal. Moreover, as the grains become smaller, the number of grains and consequently the number of grain boundaries will increase and thus more obstacles will be placed in the way of crack growth. Also, the SEM images indicate that many fine and equiaxed dimples in processed copper become smaller as the number of passes increases. This shows that finer and more equiaxed grains will be obtained by repeating the ECAE process and thus repeating the occurrence of recrystallization. It was cleared that this process improves the mechanical properties of the copper other than the failure strain. However, by increasing the number of process passes, this problem can be significantly reduced. Highlights The fine grains considerably delay the fatigue fracture By ECAE process, the threshold value of fatigue crack growth increases by 113.2% All zones resulting from fatigue fracture are recognizable in fractured ECAE sample The SEM images indicate that a ductile failure has occurred in the tensile samples
, S. Thangavel, Priyanka Prabhakaran
Published: 6 January 2022
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering; https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089211073241

Abstract:
Oil and Gas Pipeline (OGP) projects face a wide scope of wellbeing and security Risk Factors (RFs) all around the world, especially in the oil and gas delivering nations having influencing climate and unsampled data. Lacking data about the reasons for pipeline risk predictor and unstructured data about the security of the OGP prevent endeavors of moderating such dangers. This paper, subsequently, means to foster a risk analyzing framework in view of a comprehensive methodology of recognizing, dissecting and positioning the related RFs, and assessing the conceivable pipeline characteristics. Hazard Mitigation Methods (HMMs), which are the initial steps of this approach. A new methodology has been created to direct disappointment investigation of pinhole erosion in pipelines utilizing the typical pipeline risk strategy and erosion climate reenactments during a full life pattern of the pipeline. Hence in the proposed work, manifold learning with rank based clustering algorithm is incorporated with the cloud server for improved data analysis. The probability risk rate is identified from the burst pressure by clustering the normal and leak category to improve the accuracy of the prediction system experimented on the lab-scale oil pipeline system. The numerical results like auto-correlation, periodogram, Laplace transformed P-P Plot are utilized to estimate the datasets restructured by the manifold learning approach. The obtained experimental results shows that the cloud server datasets are clustered with rank prioritization to make proactive decision in faster manner by distinguishing labelled and unlabeled pressure attributes.
Balaji Boopathi, Ramesh Gupta Burela,
Published: 6 January 2022
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering; https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089211072988

Abstract:
Linear vibratory feeder is one of the most extensively used part feeding systems in a production line. The part motion on the feeder can be sliding or hopping or a combination of these two. Based on the dynamics of part motion this paper identifies three distinct regimes. A mathematical model was developed that can predict the trend in conveying velocity in these regimes. This model can provide the parts position as a function of time and has considered relative displacement between the part and the conveying surface. The simulation was validated by performing experiments for a range of vibration frequencies and amplitudes.
, P. Manasa Seshakumari, , Ali J. Chamkha
Published: 6 January 2022
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering; https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089211072715

Abstract:
In the present study, the physical features of the bioconvective MHD flow of a couple stress fluid over an upper horizontal surface (i.e. surface shaped like a submarine or any ( uhsp) aerodynamical automobile) is analysed by considering radiation and viscous dissipation effects. In the fluid-saturated domain flow is induced due to the reaction of catalytic surface, double diffusion and stretching fluid layers. In fact, couple stress fluid is electrically conducted because non-uniform magnetic field is imposed. With the assistance of appropriate similarity transformations governing equations of the study are reduced to set of ordinary differential equations. Thereafter, built-in MATLAB solver bvp4c is implemented to solve the system numerically. By means of graphs and tables variations of the velocity, temperature, concentration, friction factor, local heat and mass transfer rates are observed thoroughly by varying the flow controlling parameters. From this analysis, main observations are, for rising values of couple stress and magnetic parameter velocity is decline, whereas temperature rises for the same parameters and increase in the thermal boundary layer is noted for the Brinkman number, whereas reverse trend is noted in the concentration boundary layer. Finally, comparison is done and a good correlation is identified between the present analysis and perversely recorded analysis.
, R. Parameshwaran, R. Sathiskumar, T. Ram Prabhu, N. Nithyavathy
Published: 6 January 2022
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering; https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089211072719

Abstract:
The novel friction stir technology is adopted in modern automotive industries to meet the desired properties like hardness, impact toughness and tribological behaviour over the conventional techniques like stir casting, compo casting, squeeze casting, electroplating and infiltration methods. AA7075 surface composites fabricated with different volume fractions of fly ash and emery particles is said to enhance the aforementioned properties. The composites are processed through friction stir process (rotational speed −1200 rpm, transverse speed – 56 mm/min, tool tilt angle – 2 °). During characterization, the Microstructural examination of surface composites depicts fine and homogenous distribution of reinforcements in the friction stir process region owing to severe plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization process. Substantially, good interface is formed between the reinforcement particulates and base substrate. Inclusion of Fe3O4, Al2O3 and SiO2 constituents through fly ash and emery reinforcements associated with the homogenous dispersion strengthening mechanism favours for the superior hardness of surface hybrid composite specimen 50E50FA. Decremented grain size and load bearing capacity of the reinforcements is beneficial for the crack propagation resistance that enhances the impact toughness behaviour (17.4 J/cm2) of the same specimen. Wear rate of the specimens are evaluated through pin on disc tribometer. The decrease in the wear rate of hard specimen 50E50FA is observed due to the reduced contact area between its surface and counter disc. The morphology of worn specimens using SEM analysis shows the combined abrasive and adhesive wear as the worn mechanism.
Published: 5 January 2022
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering; https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089211072716

Abstract:
Gears mounted on a shaft via interference fit are the subject of an internal pressure which is essential for power transmission between gear and shaft. The pressure between shaft and gear is responsible for additional stresses occurring both in shaft and gear. This study examines the effect of stresses arising due to the interference on the crack growth that exists at the root of the gear tooth. The numerical analyses were conducted on models having different rim thicknesses by using the extended finite element method that allows mesh-independent crack modeling and does not need re-meshing. The results showed that internal pressure yields additional stresses in the tangential direction. The increment in tangential stress changed the location and intensity of the maximal 1st principal stress and accelerated crack growth. As the tightness of the fit increased, the crack turned towards the rim rather than towards the tooth. As the crack growth through the rim may cause a catastrophic failure of gear, the increment in tangential stress due to internal pressure is crucial for the fatigue life of the gear.
Renangi Sandeep,
Published: 5 January 2022
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering; https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089211073027

Abstract:
In the twenty-first century, the application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials in the vehicle industry are growing rapidly due to lightweight, high specific strength, and elasticity. In the automobile and aerospace industries, CFRP needs to be joined with metals to build complete structures. The demand for hybrid structures has prompted research into the combination of CFRP and metals in manufacturing. Aluminium and CFRP structures combine the mechanical properties of aluminium with the superior physical and chemical properties of CFRP. However, joining dissimilar materials is often challenging to achieve. Various joining technologies are developed to produce hybrid joints of CFRP, and aluminium alloys include conventional adhesives, mechanical and thermal joining technologies. In this review article, an extensive review was carried out on the thermal joining technologies include laser welding, friction-based welding technologies, ultrasonic welding, and induction welding processes. The article primarily focused on the current knowledge and process development of these technologies in fabricating dissimilar aluminium and CFRP structures. Besides, according to Industry 4.0 requirements, additive manufacturing-based techniques to fabricate hybrid structures are presented. Finally, this article also addressed the various improvements for the future development of these joining technologies. Ultrasonic welding yields the maximum shear strength among the various hybrid joining technologies due to lower heat input. On the other hand, laser welding produces higher heat input, which deteriorates the mechanical performance of the hybrid joints. Surface pretreatments on material surfaces prior to joining showed a significant effect on joint shear strength. Surface modification using anodizing is considered an optimal method to improve wettability, increasing mechanical interlocking phenomena.
Nowadays, synthetic jets have various applications such as cooling enhancement and active flow control. In the present paper, the capability of two turbulence modelling approaches in predicting thermal performance of an impinging synthetic jet is investigated. These two approaches are scale adaptive simulation (SAS) and detached eddy simulation (DES). Comparisons between numerical data and experimental studies reveal that the ability of DES in predicting the asymmetrical trend of heat transfer profiles is better than SAS in almost all the study cases. Although, near the stagnation zone, the performance of SAS is superior. Results show that the effects of parameters such as frequency, cross-flow velocity and suction duty cycle factor are well predicted by both approaches. An increase of cross-flow velocity from 1.81 m/s to 2.26 m/s results in an improvement of $h¯$ near the stagnation point by almost 16.3% and 9.2% using DES and SAS, respectively.