Backgorund: Lai fruit seeds (Durio kutejensis) contain starch. In the pharmaceutical field, starch can be used as an ingredient in the formulation of tablet preparations such as fillers, binders, and disintegrants. Objective: This research is to determine the Potential of Lai Fruit Seed Starch (Durio Kutejensis) as A New Excipient in Pharmaceutical Preparations. Methods: The research process started from plant determination, sample collection, starch manufacture, and examination of specific and non-specific characteristics as well as testing the starch content of other fruit seeds. Result: The content of the extract is 12.5% water soluble, and the content of the extract is soluble in ethanol 1.5%. Based on the non-specific parameters of lai fruit seed starch, the water content was 11.4%, the ash content was 1.5%, and the acid insoluble ash content was 0.75%. The starch content test of lai fruit seeds was found to contain fructose. Conclusion: the seed starch of lai fruit has the potential to be used as an alternative to new excipients in pharmaceutical preparations.

The current study was conducted in the Awi and West Gojam zones of the Amhara region with the main objective of evaluating genotype by environment interaction on egg production traits of exotic chicken. The districts of Banja and Fageta Lekuma from Awi and South Achefer district from West Gojam zone were selected purposively. Age at first egg, egg laid/week/hen and egg weight data were obtained from the ACGG project. Factorial analysis of variance using R software was used. Based on these study results, G*E interaction revealed a significant effect on average egg number per week per hen and age at first egg, whereas it was non-significant on hen day egg production (HDEP) and egg weight traits. All breeds scored a statistically similar number of eggs/week/hen within all districts during the 20-72 week egg laying period. The highest and lowest total collected eggs per year were observed by Koekoek (215) in South Acheferand by Kuroilor (133) in Fagta Lekoma district, respectively. Sasso laid the first egg earlier in Banja. In comparison to the other chicken breeds, Kuroiler and S-RIR in Fagta Lekoma and Koekoek in South Achefer district laid the first egg earlier. All breeds scored a higher %HDEP in Banja than in Fagta Lekoma during 20-72 weeks. At this age, all breeds except Koekoek exhibited higher egg weight in Fagta Lekoma than in Banja. Overall, the current study found that Koekoek was more productive and should be used for egg production to increase chicken production potential at scavenging with little supplementation in a small-holder production system.

Introduction: The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypercholesterolemia increases complications of diseases such as heart disease, stroke, erectile dysfunction, kidney failure, and nerve system damage. People often combine non-pharmacological therapies with pharmacological therapies, such as consuming processed traditional plants. Coriander and cinnamon are traditional plants that have long been consumed by Indonesians as a health drink that has many benefits for the body. Objective: The objective was to learn the panelists' assessment of Kanium Seasoning Tea products that can help lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. Results: The research method was the Descriptive Analytic and Organoleptic Test, which is a way of knowing the response of panelists to Kanium Seasoning Tea products with four parameters, namely color, scent, taste, and texture, through hedonic tests, which is a test carried out on 28 panelists to determine the level of consumer acceptance of the product, with a scoring score of 1–5. Based on the taste of Kanium Seasoning Tea, 28 panelists (100%) said Very Like; based on color, 27 panelists (96.4%) said Very Like and 1 panelist (3.6%) said Like; based on scent, 24 panelists (85.7%) said Very Like and 4 panelists (14.3 %) said Like, and lastly, based on the texture of Kanium Seasoning Tea, 24 panelists (85.7%) said Very Like and 4 (14.3%) panelists said Somewhat Like. Conclusion: The result of the research is expected to be used as a complementary therapy which accompanies pharmacological therapy in patients with diabetes.

The materials for the present limnological investigation were collected from the subsurface water of a managed fresh water wet land for one year. The wetland water is under domestic use (bathing and washing purpose). There is no sewage influx in this wetland. No macro vegetation is kept in this wetland as it is profusely used for pisciculture by using supplementary feed and fertilizer periodically round the year. The water parameters studied were pH, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Carbon di oxide (CO2), Alkalinity, Hardness and Biological oxygen demand (BOD). In this study pH was always found to be alkaline and varied from 7.78 to 8.31. During the study DO showed its maximum fluctuation after CO2 and varied from 4.4 to 11.4 mg/lit while CO2from 4 to 21 mg/lit. On the other hand alkalinity ranged from 138.5 to 252 mg/lit, hardness from 28.4 to 80 mg/lit and BOD from 1.2 to 8.3 mg/lit. The combined effect of the above physicochemical parameters might have promoted the growth of the Brachionus spp.

Introduction: Kaffir lime leaves are plants that have antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. Streptococcus mutans bacteria are bacteria located in the oral cavity and can cause dental caries disease. Objective: This research will develop edible film preparation of the extract of kaffir lime leaves ethanol using cassava starch and corn starch as gelling material. Methods: Edible film of kaffir lime leaf extracts is then evaluated for physical properties that include fragility, shrinkage drying, pH and thickness. The data obtained were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative analysis. Result: Kaffir lime leaf extract with 25% extract concentration showed that its physical properties qualified physical properties in accordance with comparative products, but for pH test only formula with the use of cassava starch as a hydrocolloid binder that meets the pH of mouth. Conclusion: Panelists prefer an edible film with cassava starch composition as a hydrocolloid former.

Using PEG-mediated protoplast fusion, a total of nine pfle somatic hybrids were developed between Pleurotus florida and Lentinula edodes. Only six could developed fruit bodies and the second generation was made of each through tissue culture isolate from their fruit bodies. The first generation were denoted as pfle1p, pfle1q, pfle1v, pfle 1s, pfle1o and the second generation were as pfle1pFB, pfle1qFB, pfle1vFB, pfle 1sFB, pfle1oFB. The genetic closeness, stability and variance is analyzed compared to their first parental strains using nine RAPD molecular markers. Amplified PCR bands were scored analyzed using SPSS software version 19. Polymorphisms were found calculating a total of 104 bands is 94.23% where the highest polymorphism was observed in RAPD-02, RAPD- 03, RAPD-08 and SS-11. Maximum bands (16) were generated by SRS-06 and minimum in SRS-05, ranged from 330 bp – 3000 bp and 450 bp – 2000 bp, respectively. Jaccards proximity matrix was generated from the scored data followed by dendogram including two generations with parents, using single linkage. The proximity matrix was ranged from 8.00-60.00. Two parental strains P. florida and L. edodes found to be most distantly related among all, where pfle 1pFB, pfle 1rFB were very close in genetic distance and another two hybrid lines, pfle 1vFB, pfle 1qFB were also showed the same. It was observed that the nearest neighbor showed a little variance genetically, but the hybrid lines are mostly similar with their second generation.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new zoonotic agent that emerged in December 2019, causes corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The external environment, the internal environment of buildings and human behavior are among the main factors involved in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. While the viral spread and transmission is significantly affected by the environment, certain green plants could provide stress alleviation from both physical and mental viewpoints. Some such green plants and development of green zones are suggested both at home and workplace, so that the planet too benefits from such greening initiatives.

In the days of rapid urbanization it has been seen that sacred sites or culturally protected sites are emerging as a form of conservation. Sometimes just a single tree in an area of human habitation is considered as sacred. Local people often associate these single trees as the abodes of a particular deity. The religious belief of the local community is so strong that measures are taken to conserve that single tree as a sacred site. These sacred sites provide a means of safeguarding of cultural diversity which is essential to remind us of our identities. In a world marred by unprecedented species loss and marked by increasing globalization, the conservation of biological and cultural diversity becomes an imperative. This study is part of a student research project to document single trees conserved as sacred sites that are protected based on the religious belief of the local community.

Introduction: The srikaya malinau plant (Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill), is empirically used to treat the gastrointestinal tract, antipyretic, stamina enhancer, scabies medication and antimicrobial.Research on the efficacy and characteristics of malinau srikaya fruit extract to date has not been reported. Objective: determine the characterization and class of chemical compounds in the malinau srikaya fruit extract. This research is non-experimental research. The research phase includes sample collection, plant determination, making simplicia, extraction using maceration method with 70% ethanol as solvent. Results: The results of the extraction were characterized by organoleptic, water content, water soluble extract content, ethanol soluble extract content, ash content and acid insoluble ash content, then phytochemical screening was carried out. Data were analyzed using descriptive method. The results of the specific characterization of the organoleptic test of the extract have a thick consistency, blackish brown in colour, have a distinctive smell like soy sauce and have a bitter taste. The content of the extract was soluble in water 88%, the content of the extract was soluble in ethanol 77% and the results of the identification of phytochemical screening were known to contain flavonoids. The results of the non-specific characterization test determined the water content of 9%, ash content of 1.665% and acid insoluble ash content of 2.075%.

In this review paper, the main objective was to try to find studies relating to augmented reality and virtual reality and the use of ergonomics and anthropology for the betterment of human life by reviewing articles incorporating studies related to ergonomics, human-machine interaction, and increment in functional perspective by using artificial means like artificial neural networks. These works suggest several directions for ergonomics research in India, including the use of virtual and augmented reality. This area is comparatively new while keeping the Indian population in consideration and the use of this methodology, which needs further exploration and research application.