Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells found in bone marrow and have the capacity to differentiate into myofibroblast. In contractile myofibroblasts, the molecular motor is the non-muscle myosin (NMIIA) which differs from the muscle myosin by its ultra-slow kinetics. The differentiation of MSCs into myofibroblasts is promoted by the “Transforming Growth Factor” (TGF-b) which represents a potentially target against tissue fibrosis and cancer.

This data indicates that the drug cytotoxicity assay aimed at targeting CSCs may be a useful tool for optimizing treatment selection when first-line therapy fails, and when there are multiple clinically-acceptable and -equivalent treatments available.

Tissue engineering has shown great promise in generating vascular grafts with properties similar to that of native blood vessels. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMC) are the main component of the vasculature tunica media. Recreation of this layer represents a major challenge in tissue engineering due to difficulties in harvesting and culturing autologous VSMC. The use of stem cells and their inherent ability to differentiate into diverse cell types, including vascular lineages, have been proposed

In this peculiar setting, the infiltrations with BMA proved to be an efficient alternative tool for the treatment of severe thoracic rib trauma and delayed union. The patient returned with no complaints and CT evidence indicated that all of the fractured ribs had complete consolidation. Pain and functional outcome of the chest wall in terms of stability improved with the help of this orthobiologic alternative.

Recently, Biagi et al., 2021 published results of yet another successful demonstration of how hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes can engraft in rats' hearts and improve their cardiac function [1]. According to the work, these results are probably due to the segmental improvement in areas where the grafts were found

We provide evidence to support the use of TotiCyte as a novel volume reduction technology capable of significantly improving CD34+ stem cell recovery

The use of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (Haplo-PTCy) is increasing in adults, but also in children; this procedure is a good alternative for transplanting pediatric patients lacking a matched family donor; indeed, this is very relevant in regions with economic constraints or with a population which is not well represented in the international donor registries which make access to unrelated cord blood units or bone marrow donors difficult.

Cells, scaffolds, growth factors and vascularity are four pillars in regenerative medicine. In the field of peripheral nerve regeneration, studies have been performed based on these four pillars. We have created an artificial nerve conduit model in rats, which can be applied to clinical settings in near future. Our artificial conduit is made of a polyglycolic acid filament-meshed tube containing a sural vascular pedicle and decellularized allogenic nerve basal lamellae implanted by bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells.

The development of organ-like tissues is the next major challenge facing regenerative medicine. Organ-like structures have been synthesized on a small scale, but overcoming current problems with cell sourcing and scalability will facilitate the creation of cardiac assist devices and organs for transplantation. A major obstacle to generating Three-Dimensional (3D) tissues is that diffusion is inadequate for the supply of oxygen/nutrients and removal of waste products, which limits the thickness of the structure to about 0.1 mm

This clinical case report describes and demonstrates how advanced modern implantology can successfully handle severe vertical and horizontal bone defects.