An alternative fuel production was performed by catalytic-pyrolysis of waste tires under a nitrogen (N2) environment and with a zeolite catalyst. Pyrolysis of scrap tires has been pointed out as an alternative to the incorrect disposal of tire wastes. Pyrolysis processes can produce tire-derived oils that may be used as fuel or added to conventional fuels, producing fuel blends with improved properties and reduced cost. The pyrolysis process can contribute to removing tire residues from inadequate sites and it can be a sustainable process to produce alternative fuels. The project investigated the conversion of the waste tires into diesel as one way of waste management and also as a viable process which in turn helps to meet the fuel demand. Uses of the diesel and the by-products from the process were also outlined. Experiments were conducted on the pyrolysis process in order to find the optimum conditions for producing the diesel through pyrolysis; the temperature and residence time were optimized in order to get maximum output from the process. The optimum temperature of the reaction was found to be 520˚C and the optimum residence time was 92.5 minutes. Quality tests of the product were then conducted on the obtained product and most of the properties were found to meet the required standard specifications. The most critical properties which are density, final boiling point, flash point and kinematic viscosity, were found to be 0.8495 g/cm3, 370˚C, 50.5˚C and 3.681 cSt, respectively, and they were within the required specifications. Quality analysis showed that a quality product that is suitable for automobiles could be obtained from the process. The process also produces useful by-products such as char, which can aid in the purification process of the diesel after conversion to activated carbon. The process is environmentally friendly if the appropriate pollution prevention methods like gas absorption are thoroughly implemented. Waste tires are an alternative source of diesel and hence the feasibility of implementing the project on a large scale.

Photovoltaic power station output randomness can easily cause voltage large fluctuations of the grid-connection point, through situation prediction to advance regulation is an effective way to improve voltage stability. In order to improve voltage situation prediction accuracy, this paper proposes a voltage situation awareness method based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). Firstly, use acquisition unit extract voltage data and construct time series; Then analyze and understand the correlation between voltage data and related variables in time series by calculating voltage autocorrelation coefficient and maximal information coefficient (MIC); Then use CNN extract the high-dimensional features of the input data; Finally, accomplish voltage situation prediction by connected to GRU network. By the real data of a photovoltaic power station verifying, the results show that: compared with GRU and SVR models, our model prediction accuracy is higher.

Machines are growth engines of the economy; each sector of the economy achieves its demand by the use of the machine. They are installed in various establishments for the purpose of using them to perform certain functions or others. However, as a result of the kind of forces, dynamic and static loads, they transmitted to their adjoining surroundings when used, they are often mounted on supporting structures, foundations or a combination of them to achieve adequate or appropriate safe operation and stability. When a machine is operating, it is subjected to several time-varying forces and as a result of which it tends to exhibit vibrations. In such a situation or process, a certain quantity of this force is transmitted to the foundation, which could undermine the life of the foundation and also affect its performance and the operation of any other machines on the same foundation. Hence, it makes sense to minimize this force transmission. This research aimed at developing an adjustable steel-framed structure for supporting the major components of a 5.0 kW micro-steam power unit (steam, turbine and alternator) and evaluating the performance of the unit with or without the vibration isolator when they are axially connected with flexible flange coupling or transversely connected with sets of belts and pulleys, in succession, respectively. The results showed that reduction in the force transmitted to the supporting structure occurred when the vibration produced by the unit is isolated from its base by the use of a vibration isolator, maximum reduction of 99.95% achieved when axially coupled and 99.91% when transversely connected with belt and pulley system. The results also showed that better performance would be attained when the steam turbine is axially coupled to the alternator than when connected with belt and pulley; The maximum voltage of 52 V and speed of 1000 rpm at 77 dB sound level attained with coupling connection, and voltage of 20 V and speed of 752 rpm at 75 dB with belt and pulley connection.

Al-Baha region, located in Saudi Arabia, is one of the main tourism and leisure areas. The authority at Al-Baha Governorate plans to use clean and renewable energy in its tourism facilities. The importance of this study is to assess the possibility of building a wind farm in Al-Baha and to select the best site for this purpose. This paper presents an analysis of long-term wind data for the annual and monthly variability in Al-Baha region of southwestern Saudi Arabia. Al-Baha region has an area of 9921 square kilometers and is divided into seven regions (groups) based on their similar measurements and wind speed values. The analysis used 40 years of annual and monthly wind speed data between 1981 and 2020. The analysis showed that Group III has the highest mean wind speed values in the northeastern part of the Al-Baha region, ranging from 5.4 m/s to 5.9 m/s at 50 m above the surface. Group VI (5.1 - 5.6 m/s) east of the Al-Baha area recorded the second-highest mean wind speed, while group V southwest of the Al-Baha area recorded lower values. The maximum wind speeds observed in Group III in January, February, March, and July were 6 m/s or higher. A frequency analysis ensures that 79% of the year’s wind speeds exceed 4 m/s at 50 m above the surface of the Group III site. Wind power was considered for 17 wind turbines of different sizes. The Soyut Wind 500 machine was found to produce maximum energy of 1420 MWh/year. The highest performance values for the Soyut Wind 500 machine occurred in winter and summer, while the calculated capacity factor values at a hub height of 50 m were 41% and 32%, respectively. The assessment concluded that generating electricity from wind at G III in the northeast of the Al-Baha region is a good decision.

By reviewing the development of “three-high” oil and gas well testing technology of Sinopec in recent years, this paper systematically summarizes the application of “three-high” oil and gas well testing technology of Sinopec in engineering optimization design technology, and high temperature and high pressure testing technology, high pressure and high temperature transformation completion integration technology. Major progress has been made in seven aspects: plug removal and re-production technology of production wells in high acid gas fields; wellbore preparation technology of ultra-deep, high-pressure, and high-temperature oil and gas wells; surface metering technology; and supporting tool development technology. This paper comprehensively analyzes the challenges faced by the “three-high” oil and gas well production testing technology in four aspects: downhole tools, production testing technology, safe production testing, and the development of low-cost production test tools. Four development directions are put forward: 1) Improve ultra-deep oil and gas testing technology and strengthen integrated geological engineering research. 2) Deepen oil and gas well integrity evaluation technology to ensure the life cycle of oil and gas wells. 3) Carry out high-end, customized, and intelligent research on oil test tools to promote the low-cost and efficient development of ultra deep reservoirs. 4) Promote the fully automatic control of the surface metering process to realize the safe development of “three-high” reservoirs.

An analysis for a conceptual design of a thermal power plant (with a power capacity of 1 GW) is provided. This power plant can help in meeting the expected increase in the electric demand for Oman’s dominant power system (2.4 GW between 2018 and 2025). A necessary fluid mass flow rate of 834.1 kg/s was predicted. The overall energy conversion efficiency (output useful electricity divided by input heat) was estimated to be 34.7%. The needed thermal energy is not restricted to a specific source, and solar heating is an option for supplying the needed heat. The power plant design is based on using a steam-turbine section, which may be composed of a single large steam turbine having a mechanical power output of 1115 MW; or composed of a group of smaller steam turbines. The analysis is based on applying energy balance equations under certain assumptions (such as neglecting changes in potential energy). The thermal analysis was aided by web-based tool for calculating needed properties of the working medium, which is water, at different stages in the power plant.

Wind turbines undergo degradation due to various factors which induce stress, thereby leading to fatigue damage to various wind turbine components. In addition, the current increase in demand for electrical power has led to the development of large wind turbines, which result in increased structural loads, therefore, increasing the possibility of early failure due to fatigue load. This paper proposes a proportional integral observer (PI-Observer) based disturbance accommodation controller (DAC) with individual pitch control (IPC) for load mitigation to reduce components’ damage and ensure the wind turbine is operational for the expected lifetime. The results indicate a reduction in blades’ bending moments with a standard deviation of 15.9%, which positively impacts several other wind turbine subsystems. Therefore, the lifetime control strategy demonstrates effective structural load mitigation without compromise on power generation, thus, achieving a nominal lifetime control to inhibit premature failure.

Techno-economic potentials of thermal and catalytic pyrolysis plants for the conversion of waste plastics to liquid fuels have been widely studied, but it is not obvious which of the two plants is more profitable, as the existing studies used different assumptions and cost bases in their analyses, thereby making it difficult to compare the economic potentials of the two plants. In this study, industrial-scale thermal and catalytic waste plastics pyrolysis plants were designed and economically analyzed using ASPEN PLUS. Amorphous silica-alumina was considered the optimum catalyst, with 3:1 feed to catalyst ratio. Based on 20,000 tons/year of feed and 20% interest rate, the catalytic plant, having a net present value (NPV) of � million, was found to be economically less attractive than the thermal plant, having the NPV of �.4 million. On the contrary, sensitivity analyses of the two plants at a feed rate of 50,000 tons/year gave rise to a slightly higher NPV for the catalytic plant (� million) than the thermal plant having NPV of � million, thereby making the former more economically attractive for processing large amounts of waste plastics into liquid fuels. Consequently, as the catalytic plant showed a better scale economy and would produce higher quality liquid fuels than the thermal plant, it is recommended for commercialization in Nigeria.

A novel microgrid control strategy is presented in this paper. A resilient community microgrid model, which is equipped with solar PV generation and electric vehicles (EVs) and an improved inverter control system, is considered. To fully exploit the capability of the community microgrid to operate in either grid-connected mode or islanded mode, as well as to achieve improved stability of the microgrid system, universal droop control, virtual inertia control, and a reinforcement learning-based control mechanism are combined in a cohesive manner, in which adaptive control parameters are determined online to tune the influence of the controllers. The microgrid model and control mechanisms are implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and set up in real-time simulation to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model. Experiment results reveal the effectiveness of regulating the controller’s frequency and voltage for various operating conditions and scenarios of a microgrid.

Recently global warming and the depletion of fuel resources have accelerated researchers’ efforts to produce more efficient and clean alternatives. This research presents a comprehensive review of the different adjustments/con figurations of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), traction motors for power systems, and wireless speed control of traction drive. Electronic installation of technology can reduce pollution efficiently and effectively. The efficient operation has always been one of the most common investigators’ objectives in the automotive industry and academic areas. There are several renewable energy resources for hybrid vehicles that will replace depleted gasoline worldwide. The purpose of this paper is the development of more efficient pure EVs, HEVs, and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) present both a challenge and a definite solution to current mobility issues. Fuel consumption in cars is a concern due to the harmful effects on the environment. Among other battery sources, fuel cells (FC), super capacitors (SC), and photovoltaic cells are studied for vehicle application. A combination of these renewable energy sources can be used for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) in the next generation of transportation. With the significant progress of automobile technology, the hybrid electric vehicle has already become the main achievement of transportation electrification due to its excellent fuel-saving performance.