The article concernes a boundary value problem with linear boundary conditions of general form for the scalar differential equation f(t,x(t),x ̇(t))=y ̂(t), not resolved with respect to the derivative x ̇ of the required function. It is assumed that the function f satisfies the Caratheodory conditions, and the function y ̂ is measurable. The method proposed for studying such a boundary value problem is based on the results about operator equation with a mapping acting from a metric space to a set with distance (this distance satisfies only one axiom of a metric: it is equal to zero if and only if the elements coincide). In terms of the covering set of the function f(t,x_1,•): R→R and the Lipschitz set of the function f(t,•,x_2): R →R, conditions for the existence of solutions and their stability to perturbations of the function f generating the differential equation, as well as to perturbations of the right-hand sides of the boundary value problem: the function y ̂ and the value of the boundary condition, are obtained.

In the article, we consider a boundary value problem for a nonlinear ordinary differential equation of even order which, obviously, has a trivial solution. Sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a positive solution to this problem are obtained. With the help of linear transformations of T. Y. Na [T. Y. Na, Computational Methods in Engineering Boundary Value Problems, Acad. Press, NY, 1979, ch. 7], the boundary value problem is reduced to the Cauchy problem, the initial conditions of which make it possible to uniquely determine the transformation parameter. It is shown that the transformations of T. Y. Na uniquely determine the solution of the original problem. In addition, based on the proof of the uniqueness of a positive solution to the boundary value problem, a sufficiently effective non–iterative numerical algorithm for constructing such a solution is obtained. A corresponding example is given.

The article is devoted to investigation of integro-differential equation with the Hammerstein integral operator of the following form: ∂_t u(t,x)=-τu(t,x,x_f )+∫_(R^2)▒〖ω(x-y)f(u(t,y) )dy, t≥0, x∈R^2 〗. The equation describes the dynamics of electrical potentials u(t,x) in a planar neural medium and has the name of neural field equation.We study ring solutions that are represented by stationary radially symmetric solutions corresponding to the active state of the neural medium in between two concentric circles and the rest state elsewhere in the neural field. We suggest conditions of existence of ring solutions as well as a method of their numerical approximation. The approach used relies on the replacement of the probabilistic neuronal activation function f that has sigmoidal shape by a Heaviside-type function. The theory is accompanied by an example illustrating the procedure of investigation of ring solutions of a neural field equation containing a typically used in the neuroscience community neuronal connectivity function that allows taking into account both excitatory and inhibitory interneuronal interactions. Similar to the case of bump solutions (i. e. stationary solutions of neural field equations, which correspond to the activated area in the neural field represented by the interior of some circle) at a high values of the neuronal activation threshold there coexist a broad ring and a narrow ring solutions that merge together at the critical value of the activation threshold, above which there are no ring solutions.

We offer a variant of Radon transforms for a pair X and Y of hyperboloids in R^3 defined by [x,x] = 1 and [y,y] = -1, y_1 ≥ 1, respectively, here [x,y] = -x_1 y_1+x_2 y_2+x_3 y_3. For a kernel of these transforms we take δ([x,y]), δ(t) being the Dirac delta function. We obtain two Radon transforms D(X) →C^∞ (Y) and D(Y) →C^∞ (X). We describe kernels and images of these transforms. For that we decompose a sesqui-linear form with the kernel δ([x,y]) into inner products of Fourier components.

In this paper, we study a periodic boundary value problem for a class of semilinear differential inclusions of fractional order in a Banach space for which the multivalued nonlinearity satisfies the regularity condition expressed in terms of measures of noncompactness. To prove the existence of solutions to the problem, we first construct the corresponding Green function. Then we introduce into consideration a multivalued resolving operator in the space of continuous functions and reduce the posed problem to the existence of fixed points of the resolving multioperator. To prove the existence of a fixed point, a generalized theorem of B.N. Sadovskii type for a condensing multivalued map is used.

For a multivalued mapping F:[a; b] × R^m → comp(R^m), the problem of superpositional measurability and superpositional selectivity is considered. As it is known, for superpositional measurability it is sufficient that the mapping F satisfies the Caratheodory conditions, for superpositional selectivity it is sufficient that F(•,x) has a measurable section and F(t; •) is upper semicontinuous. In this paper, we propose generalizations of these conditions based on the replacement, in the definitions of continuity and semicontinuity, of the limit of the sequence of coordinates of points in the images of multivalued mappings to a one-sided limit. It is shown that under such weakened conditions the multivalued mapping F possesses the required properties of superpositional measurability / superpositional selectivity. Illustrative examples are given, as well as examples of the significance of the proposed conditions. For single-valued mappings, the proposed conditions coincide with the generalized Caratheodory conditions proposed by I.V. Shragin (see [Bulletin of the Tambov University. Series: natural and technical sciences, 2014, 19:2, 476–478]).

The k[S] -hierarchy and its strict version are two deformations of the commutative algebra k[S], k=R or C; in the N×N-matrices, where S is the matrix of the shift operator. In this paper we show first of all that both deformations correspond to conjugating k[S] with elements from an appropriate group. The dressing matrix of the deformation is unique in the case of the k[S]-hierarchy and it is determined up to a multiple of the identity in the strict case. This uniqueness enables one to prove directly the equivalence of the Lax form of the k[S]-hierarchy with a set of Sato-Wilson equations. The analogue of the Sato-Wilson equations for the strict k[S]-hierarchy always implies the Lax equations of this hierarchy. Both systems are equivalent if the setting one works in, is Cauchy solvable in dimension one. Finally we present a Banach Lie group G(S_2), two subgroups P_+ (H) and U_+ (H) of G(S_2), with U_+ (H)⊂P_+ (H), such that one can construct from the homogeneous spaces G(S_2 )/P_+ (H) resp. G(S_2)/U_+ (H) solutions of respectively the k[S]-hierarchy and its strict version.

We study the existence and linear stability of stationary periodic solutions to a neural field model, an intergo-differential equation of the Hammerstein type. Under the assumption that the activation function is a discontinuous step function and the kernel is decaying sufficiently fast, we formulate necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a special class of solutions that we call 1-bump periodic solutions. We then analyze the stability of these solutions by studying the spectrum of the Frechet derivative of the corresponding Hammerstein operator. We prove that the spectrum of this operator agrees up to zero with the spectrum of a block Laurent operator. We show that the non-zero spectrum consists of only eigenvalues and obtain an analytical expression for the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions. The results are illustrated by multiple examples.

The basic notion of the Berezin quantization on a manifold M is a correspondence which to an operator A from a class assigns the pair of functions F and F^♮ defined on M. These functions are called covariant and contravariant symbols of A. We are interested in homogeneous space M=G/H and classes of operators related to the representation theory. The most algebraic version of quantization — we call it the polynomial quantization — is obtained when operators belong to the algebra of operators corresponding in a representation T of G to elements X of the universal enveloping algebra Env g of the Lie algebra g of G. In this case symbols turn out to be polynomials on the Lie algebra g. In this paper we offer a new theme in the Berezin quantization on G/H: as an initial class of operators we take operators corresponding to elements of the group G itself in a representation T of this group. In the paper we consider two examples, here homogeneous spaces are para-Hermitian spaces of rank 1 and 2: a) G=SL(2;R), H — the subgroup of diagonal matrices, G/H — a hyperboloid of one sheet in R^3; b) G — the pseudoorthogonal group SO_0 (p; q), the subgroup H covers with finite multiplicity the group SO_0 (p-1,q -1)×SO_0 (1;1); the space G/H (a pseudo-Grassmann manifold) is an orbit in the Lie algebra g of the group G.

In this paper, an assertion about the minimum of the graph of a mapping acting in partially ordered spaces is obtained. The proof of this statement uses the theorem on the minimum of a mapping in a partially ordered space from [A.V. Arutyunov, E.S. Zhukovskiy, S.E. Zhukovskiy. Caristi-like condition and the existence of minima of mappings in partially ordered spaces // Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications. 2018. V. 180. Iss. 1, 48–61]. It is also shown that this statement is an analogue of the Eckland and Bishop-Phelps variational principles which are effective tools for studying extremal problems for functionals defined on metric spaces. Namely, the statement obtained in this paper and applied to a partially ordered space created from a metric space by introducing analogs of the Bishop-Phelps order relation, is equivalent to the classical Eckland and Bishop-Phelps variational principles.

We consider the Cauchy problem for the implicit differential equation of order n g(t,x,(x,) ̇…,x^((n)) )=0,t ∈ [0; T],x(0)= A. It is assumed that A=(A_0,…,A_(n-1) )∈R^n, the function g:[0,T] × R^(n+1)→ R is measurable with respect to the first argument t∈[0,T], and for a fixed t, the function g(t,∙)×R^(n+1)→ R is right continuous and monotone in each of the first n arguments, and is continuous in the last n+1-th argument. It is also assumed that for some sufficiently smooth functions η,ν there hold the inequalities ν^((i) ) (0)≥ A_i ≥ η^((i) ) (0),i= (0,n-1,) ̅ ν^((n) ) (t)≥ η^((n) ) (t),t∈[0; T]; g(t; ν(t),ν ̇(t),...,ν^((n) ) (t) )≥ 0,g(t,η(t),η ̇(t),…,η^((n)) (t))≤ 0,t∈[0; T]. Sufficient conditions for the solvability of the Cauchy problem are derived as well as estimates of its solutions. Moreover, it is shown that under the listed conditions, the set of solutions satisfying the inequalities η^((n) ) (t)≤x^((n) ) (t)≤ν^((n) ) (t), is not empty and contains solutions with the largest and the smallest n -th derivative. This statement is similar to the classical Chaplygin theorem on differential inequality. The proof method uses results on the solvability of equations in partially ordered spaces. Examples of applying the results obtained to the study of second-order implicit differential equations are given.

We consider the problem of a double fixed point of pairs of continuous mappings defined on a convex closed bounded subset of a Banach space. It is shown that if one of the mappings is completely continuous and the other is continuous, then the property of the existence of fixed points is stable under contracting perturbations of the mappings. We obtain estimates for the distance from a given pair of points to double fixed points of perturbed mappings. We consider the problem of a fixed point of a completely continuous mapping on a convex closed bounded subset of a Banach space. It is shown that the property of the existence of a fixed point of a completely continuous map is stable under contracting perturbations. Estimates of the distance from a given point to a fixed point are obtained. As an application of the obtained results, the solvability of a difference equation of a special type is proved.

Consider the equation G(x)=(y,) ̃ where the mapping G acts from a metric space X into a space Y, on which a distance is defined, y ̃ ∈ Y. The metric in X and the distance in Y can take on the value ∞, the distance satisfies only one property of a metric: the distance between y,z ∈Y is zero if and only if y= z. For mappings X → Y the notions of sets of covering, Lipschitz property, and closedness are defined. In these terms, the assertion is obtained about the stability in the metric space X of solutions of the considered equation to changes of the mapping G and the element y ̃. This assertion is applied to the study of the integral equation f(t,∫_0^1▒K (t,s)x(s)ds,x(t))= y ̃(t),t ∈[0,1], with respect to an unknown Lebesgue measurable function x: [0,1] ∈R. Sufficient conditions are obtained for the stability of solutions (in the space of measurable functions with the topology of uniform convergence) to changes of the functions f,K,(y.) ̃

We describe the structure of finite solvable non-nilpotent groups in which every two strongly n-maximal subgroups are permutable (n = 2; 3). In particular, it is shown for a solvable non-nilpotent group G that any two strongly 2-maximal subgroups are permutable if and only if G is a Schmidt group with Abelian Sylow subgroups. We also prove the equivalence of the structure of non-nilpotent solvable groups with permutable 3-maximal subgroups and with permutable strongly 3-maximal subgroups. The last result allows us to classify all finite solvable groups with permutable strongly 3-maximal subgroups, and we describe 14 classes of groups with this property. The obtained results also prove the nilpotency of a finite solvable group with permutable strongly n -maximal subgroups if the number of prime divisors of the order of this group strictly exceeds n (n=2; 3).

We consider a two-point (including periodic) boundary value problem for the following system of differential equations that are not resolved with respect to the derivative of the desired function: f_i (t,x,x ̇,(x_i ) ̇ )=0,i= (1,n) ̅. Here, for any i= (1,n) ̅ the function f_i:[0,1]×R^n×R^n×R→R is measurable in the first argument, continuous in the last argument, right-continuous, and satisfies the special condition of monotonicity in each component of the second and third arguments. Assertions about the existence and two-sided estimates of solutions (of the type of Chaplygin’s theorem on differential inequality) are obtained. Conditions for the existence of the largest and the smallest (with respect to a special order) solution are also obtained. The study is based on results on abstract equations with mappings acting from a partially ordered space to an arbitrary set (see [S. Benarab, Z.T. Zhukovskaya, E.S. Zhukovskiy, S.E. Zhukovskiy. On functional and differential inequalities and their applications to control problems // Differential Equations, 2020, 56:11, 1440–1451]).

The article presents a new property of recurrent motions of dynamical systems. Within a compact metric space, this property establishes the relation between motions of general type and recurrent motions. Besides, this property establishes rather simple behaviour of recurrent motions, thus naturally corroborating the classical definition given in the monograph [V.V. Nemytskii, V.V. Stepanov. Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations. URSS Publ., Moscow, 2004 (In Russian)]. Actually, the above-stated new property of recurrent motions was announced, for the first time, in the earlier article by the same authors [A.P. Afanas’ev, S. M. Dzyuba. On recurrent trajectories, minimal sets, and quasiperoidic motions of dynamical systems // Differential Equations. 2005, v. 41, № 11, p. 1544–1549]. The very same article provides a short proof for the corresponding theorem. The proof in question turned out to be too schematic. Moreover, it (the proof) includes a range of obvious gaps. Some time ago it was found that, on the basis of this new property, it is possible to show that within a compact metric space α- and ω-limit sets of each and every motion are minimal. Therefore, within a compact metric space each and every motion, which is positively (negatively) stable in the sense of Poisson, is recurrent. Those results are of obvious significance. They clearly show the reason why, at present, there are no criteria for existence of non-recurrent motions stable in the sense of Poisson. Moreover, those results show the reason why the existing attempts of creating non-recurrent motions, stable in the sense of Poisson, on compact closed manifolds turned out to be futile. At least, there are no examples of such motions. The key point of the new property of minimal sets is the stated new property of recurrent motions. That is why here, in our present article, we provide a full and detailed proof for that latter property. For the first time, the results of the present study were reported on the 28th of January, 2020 at a seminar of Dobrushin Mathematic Laboratory at the Institute for Information Transmission Problems named after A. A. Kharkevich of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

We propose multicompartmental models of infectious diseases dynamics for numerical study of the spread parameters of the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2, which take into account the delay effects associated with the presence of the latent period of the infection, as well as the possibility of an asymptomatic course of the disease. The dynamics of the spread of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation was investigated, using these models with distributed parameters that formalize the interactions of the models’ compartments. The paper provides numerical estimates of the spread dynamics of the new coronavirus infection in various age groups of the population. We also investigate possible consequences of the mask regime and quarantine measures. We obtain an explicit estimate allowing to assess the necessary scope of these measures for the epidemy extinction.

A structured population the individuals of which are divided into n age or typical groups x_1,…,x_n. is considered. We assume that at any time moment k, k = 0,1,2… the size of the population x(k) is determined by the normal autonomous system of difference equations x(k+1)=F(x(k)), where F(x)=col(f_1 (x),…,〖 f〗_n (x) ) are given vector functions with real non-negative components f_i (x), i=1,…n. We investigate the case when it is possible to influence the population size by means of harvesting. The model of the exploited population under discussion has the form x(k+1)=F((1-u(k) )x(k) ), where u(k)= (u_1 (k),…,u_n (k))∈〖[0; 1]〗^n is a control vector, which can be varied to achieve the best result of harvesting the resource. We assume that the cost of a conventional unit of each of n classes is constant and equals to C_i≥0, i=1,…,n. To determine the cost of the resource obtained as the result of harvesting, the discounted income function is introduced into consideration. It has the form H_α (u ̅,x(0))=∑_(j=0)^∞▒〖∑_(i=1)^n▒〖C_i x_i (j) u_i (j) e^(-αj) 〗,〗 where α>0 is the discount coefficient. The problem of constructing controls on finite and infinite time intervals at which the discounted income from the extraction of a renewable resource reaches the maximal value is solved. As a corollary, the results on the construction of the optimal harvesting mode for a homogeneous population are obtained (that is, for n = 1).

Linked and maximal linked systems (MLS) on π -systems of measurable (in the wide sense) rectangles are considered (π-system is a family of sets closed with respect to finite intersections). Structures in the form of measurable rectangles are used in measure theory and probability theory and usually lead to semi-algebra of subsets of cartesian product. In the present article, sets-factors are supposed to be equipped with π-systems with “zero” and “unit”. This, in particular, can correspond to a standard measurable structure in the form of semialgebra, algebra, or σ-algebra of sets. In the general case, the family of measurable rectangles itself forms a π -system of set-product (the measurability is identified with belonging to a π - system) which allows to consider MLS on a given π -system (of measurable rectangles). The following principal property is established: for all considered variants of π -system of measurable rectangles, MLS on a product are exhausted by products of MLS on sets-factors. In addition, in the case of infinity product, along with traditional, the “box” variant allowing a natural analogy with the base of box topology is considered. For the case of product of two widely understood measurable spaces, one homeomorphism property concerning equipments by the Stone type topologies is established.

In the work, the stability conditions for a solution of an evolutionary hyperbolic system with distributed parameters on a graph describing the oscillating process of continuous medium in a spatial network are indicated. The hyperbolic system is considered in the weak formulation: a weak solution of the system is a summable function that satisfies the integral identity which determines the variational formulation for the initial-boundary value problem. The basic idea, that has determined the content of this work, is to present a weak solution in the form of a generalized Fourier series and continue with an analysis of the convergence of this series and the series obtained by its single termwise differentiation. The used approach is based on a priori estimates of a weak solution and the construction (by the Fayedo–Galerkin method with a special basis, the system of eigenfunctions of the elliptic operator of a hyperbolic equation) of a weakly compact family of approximate solutions in the selected state space. The obtained results underlie the analysis of optimal control problems of oscillations of netset-like industrial constructions which have interesting analogies with multi-phase problems of multidimensional hydrodynamics.

Maximal linked systems (MLS) of sets on widely understood measurable spaces (MS) are considered; in addition, every such MS is realized by equipment of a nonempty set with a π-system of its subsets with «zero» and «unit» (π-system is a nonempty family of sets closed with respect to finite intersections). Constructions of the MS product connected with two variants of measurable (in wide sense) rectangles are investigated. Families of MLS are equipped with topologies of the Stone type. The connection of product of above-mentioned topologies considered for box and Tychonoff variants and the corresponding (to every variant) topology of the Stone type on the MLS set for the MS product is studied. The properties of condensation and homeomorphism for resulting variants of topological equipment are obtained.

The paper is devoted to the regularization of the classical optimality conditions (COC) — the Lagrange principle and the Pontryagin maximum principle in a convex optimal control problem for a parabolic equation with an operator (pointwise state) equality-constraint at the final time. The problem contains distributed, initial and boundary controls, and the set of its admissible controls is not assumed to be bounded. In the case of a specific form of the quadratic quality functional, it is natural to interpret the problem as the inverse problem of the final observation to find the perturbing effect that caused this observation. The main purpose of regularized COCs is stable generation of minimizing approximate solutions (MAS) in the sense of J. Warga. Regularized COCs are: 1) formulated as existence theorems of the MASs in the original problem with a simultaneous constructive representation of specific MASs; 2) expressed in terms of regular classical Lagrange and Hamilton–Pontryagin functions; 3) are sequential generalizations of the COCs and retain the general structure of the latter; 4) “overcome” the ill-posedness of the COCs, are regularizing algorithms for solving optimization problems, and form the theoretical basis for the stable solving modern meaningful ill-posed optimization and inverse problems.

An initial-boundary value problem for a system of third-order partial differential equations is considered. Equations and systems of equations with the highest mixed third derivative describe heat exchange in the soil complicated by the movement of soil moisture, quasi-stationary processes in a two-component semiconductor plasma, etc. The system is reduced to a differential equation with a degenerate operator at the highest derivative with respect to the distinguished variable in a Banach space. This operator has the property of having 0 as a normal eigenvalue, which makes it possible to split the original equations into an equation in subspaces. The conditions are obtained under which a unique solution to the problem exists; the analytical formula is found.

The article discusses a number of aspects of the application of i -smooth analysis in the development of numerical methods for solving functional differential equations (FDE). The principle of separating finite- and infinite-dimensional components in the structure of numerical schemes for FDE is demonstrated with concrete examples, as well as the usage of different types of prehistory interpolation, those by Lagrange and Hermite. A general approach to constructing Runge–Kutta-like numerical methods for nonlinear neutral differential equations is presented. Convergence conditions are obtained and the order of convergence of such methods is established.

The rigidity of a dynamical system described by a first-order differential equationwith an irreversible operator at the highest derivative is investigated. The system is perturbed by an operator addition of the order of the second power of a small parameter. Conditions under which the system is robust with respect to these disturbances are determined as well as conditions under which the influence of disturbances is significant. For this, the bifurcation equation is derived. It is used to set the type of boundary layer functions. As an example, we investigate the initial boundary value problem for a system of partial differential equations with a mixed second partial derivative which occurs in the study of the processes of sorption anddesorption of gases, drying processes, etc.

A system of first-order partial differential-algebraic equations in a Banach space with constant degenerate operators in the case of a regular operator pencil is considered. In this case, under some additional condition, the original system splits into two subsystems in disjoint subspaces in order to search for the projections of the original unknown function in the subspaces. The matching conditions for the parameters of the systems are identified. A solution of the considered system of differential-algebraic equations is constructed.

In this paper, we consider a mixed problem for the Laplace equation in a region in a circular cylinder. On the lateral surface of a cylidrical region, the homogeneous boundary conditions of the first kind are given. The cylindrical area is bounded on one side by an arbitrary surface on which the Cauchy conditions are set, i.e. a function and its normal derivative are given. The other border of the cylindrical area is free. This problem is ill-posed, and to construct its approximate solution in the case of Cauchy data known with some error it is necessary to use regularizing algorithms. In this paper, the problem is reduced to a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. Based on the solution of the integral equation, an explicit representation of the exact solution of the problem is obtained in the form of a Fourier series with the eigenfunctions of the first boundary value problem for the Laplace equation in a circle. A stable solution of the integral equation is obtained by the Tikhonov regularization method. The extremal of the Tikhonov functional is considered as an approximate solution. Based on this solution, an approximate solution of the problem in the whole is constructed. The theorem on convergence of the approximate solution of the problem to the exact one as the error in the Cauchy data tends to zero and the regularization parameter is matched with the error in the data is given. The results can be used for mathematical processing of thermal imaging data in medical diagnostics.

It is shown that the stochastic counterpart of the classical fixed point theorem for continuous maps in a finite dimensional Euclidean space (“Brouwer’s theorem”) is not, in general, true. This result implies, in particular, that a careful choice of invariant sets in the stochastic version of Brouwer’s theorem is necessary in the theory of stochastic nonlinear operators.