Bu araştırmada, Shuv-Ami ve Toder-Alon (2021) tarafından geliştirilen Kulüp Saldırganlık Ölçeği’nin Türk kültürü için geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin test edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma grubunu 241 futbol taraftarı oluşturmaktadır. Ölçme aracı çeviri/geri çeviri yöntemi ile Türk kültürüne uyarlanmıştır. Araştırmada sırasıyla açıklayıcı faktör analizi (AFA), doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) ve verilerin güvenirlik değerleri için Cronbach’s Alpha testleri kullanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte DFA analizi sonucunda uyum değerleri (SRMR, CFI, AGFI, IFI, GFI, TLI) incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, yapı güvenirliği için AVE ve CR değerleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler incelendiğinde Türk kültürüne uyarlanan kulüp saldırganlık ölçeğinin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Mevcut araştırmanın amacı futbol hakemlerinin serbest zaman doyumu ile psikolojik sağlamlık arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmış ve Ankara ilinde görev yapan 129 futbol hakemi araştırma grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, Türkçe dil geçerlik ve güvenirliği Gökçe ve Orhan (2011) tarafından yapılan “Serbest Zaman Doyum Ölçeği” ile Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması Doğan (2015) tarafından yapılan “Psikolojik Sağlamlık” ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde öncelikli olarak veri türü gözetilerek tanımlayıcı istatistikleri hesaplanmıştır. Daha sonra elde edilen verilerin normal dağılım sergilemesinden dolayı t-testi ve ANOVA analizleri uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca verilerin iç tutarlık değerlerinin incelenmesi amacıyla Cronbah’s Alpha analizi uygulanmıştır. Gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılığın tespit edilmesi amacıyla LSD çoklu karşılaştırma testi uygulanmıştır. Psikolojik Sağlamlık ve Serbest zaman doyum düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla ise korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucuna göre serbest zaman doyum ölçeğinde etkinlik türü, hakemlik yılı değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca serbest zaman doyumu ile psikolojik sağlamlık arasında düşük düzeyde ve pozitif yönde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda ise serbest zaman doyumu yüksek olan hakemlerin psikolojik olarak sağlamlık düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu söylenebilir.

Mevcut araştırma Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinde özgüven, algılanan sınav kaygısı ve akademik başarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenerek kavramlar arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koyma için yapılmıştır. Çalışma nicel araştırma tekniklerinden nedensel ve ilişkisel tarama modellerinde desenlenmiş ve çalışmaya basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemine göre seçilmiş 198 denek katılmıştır. Çalışmada veriler, kişisel bilgi formunun yanı sıra “Öz Güven Ölçeği” ve “West-Side Sınav Kaygısı Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde Windows için SPSS 23 paket program kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde veri toplama aracı için iç tutarlık katsayıları hesaplanmış ve ortalama, standart sapma, basıklık ve çarpıklık değerleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada hipotez testleri olarak 95% güven aralığında bağımsız örneklem t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi testi ve Pearson Korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, mevcut araştırma Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin özgüvenlerinde cinsiyet, bölüm, lisanslı olarak spor yapma ve tercih edilen spor dalı bakımından anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığını buna karşılık not ortalaması arttıkça dış öz güvenin de arttığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların sınav kaygılarında cinsiyet, lisanslı olarak spor yapma ve tercih edilen spor dalı bakımından anlamlı bir farklılık yokken; öğretmenlik bölümü öğrencileri daha düşük sınav kaygısına sahiptir. Son olarak, öz güven ve not ortalaması artarken sınav kaygısı düşmektedir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında kişisel antrenör liderliğinde çevrimiçi olarak uygulanan ev tabanlı egzersiz programının obeziteli kadınlarda depresyon ve vücut imajı üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmaya yaş ortalamaları 40.07 ± 10.30, boy ortalamaları 162.15 ± 6.49 ve VKİ ortalamaları 36.0 olan 40 kadın gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılar yansız atama yöntemi ile egzersiz yapan grup (EG) (n=20) ve kontrol grubu (KG) (n=20) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmıştır. EG kadınlar on iki hafta boyunca haftada üç gün yaklaşık bir saat uzaktan erişim programı üzerinden ev egzersizlerine katılmışlardır. KG kadınlara ise herhangi bir egzersiz programı uygulanmamıştır. Egzersizin zorluk derecesini belirlemek için Borg’un algılanan zorluk derecesi skalası kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılara egzersizin başında ve sonunda Beck Depresyon Ölçeği ve Beden Algısı ölçekleri uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler için SPSS 23 paket programı kullanılmıştır. EG ve KG kadınların depresyon ve beden algısı ilk test ve son test skorları arasındaki farklılığa bağımsız gruplarda t testi ile bakılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda; EG kadınların ön test depresyon (21.55±13.98) ve beden algısı (113.65±40.51) puanları ile son test depresyon (2.65±3.57) ve beden algısı (175.05±23.57) puanları arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, Covid-19 pandemi döneminde uzaktan erişim programı üzerinden yapılan ev egzersizlerinin, obeziteli kadınlarda depresyon ve beden algısı üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olabileceği belirtilebilir.

Present study aimed to adapt the "Social Identity Scale" developed by Cameron (2004) to Turkish culture as the “Fan Social Identity Scale”, in line with the determination of the social identity levels of the fans. 284 football fans took part in the study. Within the scope of the research, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the accuracy of the factor structure of the translated scale. Goodness of fit values ??were examined in order to decide on the fit of the model that emerged as a result of CFA. The internal-consistency coefficients for the sub-dimensions were calculated with the Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient. In addition, the relationship of the sub-dimensions of the scale was calculated with Pearson Correlation Analysis. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness of fit indices were “χ2/df= 1.87, GFI= .95, CFI= .96, AGFI= .92, IFI= .96, RMSEA= .56, which indicates that these values are within acceptable fit values. In line with the analyzes made, it is understood that the FSIS, which has been adapted to Turkish culture, is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

The present study aimed to analyze the differences in the variables of occupational self-efficacy and innovativeness attitudes of physical education and sports teachers and other branch teachers mutually. Analyzing the differences between the variables for physical education and sports teachers was another aim. A total of 241 teachers, 176 males, and 65 females, working in the Büyükçekmece district in the 2018-2019 academic year, participated in the research voluntarily. Research data were collected using the innovative attitude scale and professional self-efficacy scale. Mann Whitney U test and Spearman Correlation analysis were used in the analysis of the data. According to the analyzed results, it was seen that the occupational self-efficacy points and innovativeness attitude/pioneering attitude sub-dimension points of the physical education teachers were significantly higher than the other branch teachers. Besides, self-efficacy and innovativeness attitudes of physical education and sports teachers were positively correlated in the "pioneering approach" and "open approach to innovation" sub-dimensions

The concept of sports and politics is an event that has occupied the world's economic and political agenda for many years. The social power of sports spreading to large masses has always attracted the attention of political elements. Political actors, especially those who want to stay on the agenda in world politics, wanted to use the social and economic effects of sports during their stay in power. For this reason, they gave importance to mega events and wanted to show their power against other countries. The said power has led to effects that can lead to sanctions over time. Sport; It is not just a social and economic power for the world of politics. At the same time, it is a management tool that can drag people after it. Even this feature alone has caused politicians to use sportive events for their own benefit. With the technological developments, these interest movements accelerated and became an inevitable tool for politicians to show themselves in the global arena during the cold war periods. Because sport has now become one of the biggest means of sanction and showing off for all the states of the world. The most important reason for this situation is the growing volume of the sports sector. This volume of people, which started with athletes, trainers and managers, has become a global power over time. In the research, it has been examined how sports have been used as a political power on the recent war events and it has been examined due to which factors sports have started to be used as such a power in the historical process.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the classroom leadership teaching skills and effective communication skills of sports sciences faculty students. In this study, the associational research model was used to examine the relationships. The population of the study consists of Kırşehir Ahi Evran University students, while the sample consists of 388 students, 172 female and 216 males, studying in different departments of the Faculty of Sports Sciences in the 2021-2022 academic year. In-class Effective Communication Skills Perception Scale developed by Gülbahar and Aksungur (2018) and In-Class Leadership Teaching Skills Perception Scale developed by Gülbahar (2017) were used as data collection tools. Since the data did not show a normal distribution, Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test, Spearman's rho and descriptive statistics (%, n, min. Max. X, ss) were used. According to the research findings, while there was no significant difference in classroom leadership teaching skills perception scale scores according to gender and age, statistically significant difference was observed in classroom effective communication skills perception scale scores according to gender and age. Accordingly, the average rank of women was found to be higher than that of men, and the age range with the highest rank average is 26 years and over. According to the department variable; A significant difference was found between classroom leader teaching skills and classroom effective communication skills scores. Accordingly, the department with the highest rank average is sports management. According to the correlation result between classroom teacher leadership and effective communication in the classroom scores, it was found that there was a positive and significant relationship (r=.727, p<.01). Accordingly, it can be said that effective communication in the classroom will increase if the in-class teacher leadership skills of the sports sciences faculty students increase.

The aim of this study is to examine the burnout levels of professional football players according to variables such as marital status, age, monthly income, league level, professional playing year, number of injuries experienced in a season and the number of matches that cannot be played due to injury in a season. The study group of the research choosing from the Turkish Football Federation 2021-2022 season TFF 2^nd & 3^rd The sample 521 professional football players competing in these leagues. The Athlete Burnout Scale and personal information form were applied to the sample. The scales were delivered to the participants via Google Forms and their voluntary participation in the research was based on. The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 package program. Normality tests were applied to the obtained data. Considering the test results, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests, which are non-parametric tests, were used in the analysis of the data. According to the results of the analysis, significant differences were observed (α =0.05 level), professional burnout levels of football players, marital status, age, monthly income, level league, the professional year playing in a season, the number of matches that can be played in a season due to injury and disability, and the maximum number of variables. As a result, it is understood that all variables make a difference on the burnout levels of professional football players. Considering that burnout affects success and continuity in the football sector, it is considered that it is very important to focus on the factors that affect burnout.

The adverse effects of the pandemic are apparent to the whole world. However, there are also positive effects experienced in the so-called pandemic period and the era of new normals. One of these effects is the tendency to exercise, in other words, the gain of sports awareness. In line with this view, the research aims to examine why fitness center members turn to exercise in the age of new normals. The research group consisted of a total of 127 people, 66 women, and 61 men, attending a hotel's fitness center in the Aegean Region. The phenomenology pattern, one of the qualitative research methods, was adopted in the study. "Semi-Structured Interview Form" was used to collect the research data. In the analysis of the data, the NVIVO 10 program was used. As a result of the research, the perspectives of the fitness center members on the phenomenon of sports were gathered under the theme of being healthy and sense of beauty. The reasons for the members' tendency to exercise were similarly grouped under the theme of healthy living, followed by physical development, recreational orientation, and social interaction. In addition, a connection was established between the pandemic and exercise, and it was seen that exercise awareness was formed. In this context, in the orientation of individuals to exercise in the age of new normals; It has been noted that physical, mental, and spiritual development, strengthening of the immune system and forming a mechanism against diseases, social media statements, and the environment are effective.

This research aims to examine the relationship between the rational and intuitive decision-making styles of athletes and their mental readiness levels. The research was designed by adopting the relational survey model, which is among the quantitative research methods. The research group, in which the easily accessible sampling method was adopted, consisted of 66.1% (2424) male and 33.9% (124) female athletes, 76% (278) of the students studying at the faculty of sports sciences and actively doing sports at the same time. 24% (88) of them do not read regularly while they are studying, and 50.3% (184) of students are sportsmen who are interested in individual sports and 49.7% (182) are interested in team sports. Within the scope of the research, IBM SPSS 25.0 package program was used to analyze the data obtained from the participants. Considering the statistical findings that emerged after the analysis of the data, it was found that rational and intuitive decision-making styles did not differ significantly according to gender and reading status, while there was no significant difference in the interest dimension of mental readiness according to the type of sport, while there was a significant difference in all other dimensions. While 22% of the variance of rational decision-making styles, which is the dependent variable, was explained by the independent variables, 17% of the variance of the heuristic decision-making styles, which is also the dependent variable, is among the important findings. As a result; It was seen that interest, focus, fear, mental preparation, motivation dimensions of mental readiness were a significant (important) predictor on rational decision-making styles, while the effect of keeping cool-headedness on rational decision-making styles was not significant. On the other hand, besides the conclusion that mental readiness is a significant (important) predictor of interest, focus, motivation and mental preparation on intuitive decision making, it has been seen that the effect of fear and keeping cool-headedness dimension on intuitive decision making is not significant.

This study was conducted to determine whether there is a difference in anthropometric characteristics, vertical jump height, and spine flexibility of elite kickboxers between the categories. Approximately 225 randomly selected elite athletes, women between the ages of 18-36 and men aged 18-40, from different sports clubs in Turkey, participated in the study. Athletes were divided into three groups, point fighting (n=75), light contact (n=75), and kick light (n=75), according to the branches they participated in kickboxing competitions. An anthropometric set and tape measure were used in the measurements. The height, body weight, circumference measurements, length measurements, diameter measurements, skinfold thickness, vertical jump height, and spine flexibility were determined, and the differences were compared between the branches. SPSS 25.0 statistical package program was used in data analysis, and the significance level was accepted as p<0.05 in all statistics. While the differences between the anthropometric characteristics of female athletes mainly resulted from the groups of Light Contact and Point Fighting, these differences in male athletes vary in all three groups. Spinal flexibility was found lowest in the Point Fighting group while it was found to be highest in the Light Contact group in both genders. Vertical jump height was found to be significantly highest in the Light Contact group in males and significantly lowest in the Point Fighting group in females (p<0.05). As a result, it is seen that the anthropometric characteristics, vertical jump height, and spine flexibility of kickboxers may differ according to the competition categories in which they were specialized. It was concluded that these differences according to the genders should be taken into account when choosing a competition category.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, altyapıda oynayan genç erkek futbolcularda 8 hafta uygulanan dinamik core egzersizlerinin vücut kompozisyonuna ve bazı biyomotor yetilere (dikey sıçrama, 10m – 30m sürat, wingate anaerobik güç, sırt ve bacak kuvveti) etkisinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya katılan sporcular (n=30), rastgele örneklem yöntemi ile 15'i deney grubu (DG) ve 15'i kontrol grubu (KG) olarak 2 farklı gruba ayrılmıştır. DG sporcular haftada 3 gün futbol antrenmanlarını yaparken öncesinde yaklaşık 25 dakika dinamik core egzersiz programı uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubu ise sadece futbol antrenmanlarına katılmıştır. Sporculardan çalışma öncesinde ve 8. hafta bitiminde vücut kompozisyonu için vücut yağ yüzde değerleri, biyomotor yetiler için de 10 m - 30 m sürat, dikey sıçrama, wingate anaerobik güç testi, sırt ve bacak kuvveti ölçümleri alınmıştır. Core antrenmana ilişkin grup içi analizleri eşleştirilmiş gruplarda t testi (Paired simple t test) ile gruplar arası analizleri ise bağımsız gruplarda t testi (Independent simple t test) ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmamızdan elde edilen verilere göre DG sporcuların vücut kompozisyonu, dikey sıçrama, 10m sürat, absolut zirve güç, relatif zirve güç, absolut ortalama güç, relatif ortalama güç, sırt ve bacak kuvveti değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0.05).

This study aimed to examine the effects of workplace leisure preference on the health perception of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University academic staff. The research was designed as correlational cross sectional quantitative study and 400 randomly chosen faculty members working in faculties and colleges in Tayfur Ata Sökmen Campus participated in the study. In the research, data were collected with personal information form, Work Place Leisure Preferences Scale and Health Perception Scale. SPSS 23 package program for Windows was used to evaluate the data. Missing value analysis was applied to the data and one data was excluded from the study. Internal consistency coefficients and mean, standard deviation, kurtosis and skewness values for the calculated scales were examined. Pearson Correlation analysis and Multiple Liner Regression test were used as hypothesis tests. In conclusion, this study showed that there was a significant relationship between participants' work place leisure preferences and their health perceptions, and work place leisure preference is a predictor of health perception.

This study was conducted to examine the renewal experience and experience quality of outdoor activities. The sample of the research; Cruise hill city forest consists of 209 people who have experienced recreational activities and 147 people who have not yet used these areas, a total of 355 people, 154 women 201 men, between the ages of minimum 18, maximum 64, from people living in or coming to Denizli. determined. The validity and reliability study developed by Sonnentag and Fritz (2007) Yıldız et al. (2019) and the renewal experience scale developed by Kang and Gretzel (2012) was also developed by Yıldız et al. (2019) Turkish adaptation and validity and reliability studies were carried out and the quality of experience scale was used. Pearson Correlation Analysis, Independent Groups T-Test techniques were used in the analysis of the data. According to the research findings; There is no statistically significant difference between individuals' regeneration experiences [t (353) =1.79, p>.05] according to their participation in outdoor recreational activities. According to their participation in outdoor recreational activities, it was seen that the quality of experience of the individuals who participated in the activities (Mean=34.12) was higher than those who did not (Mean=31.53). The regeneration experiences of individuals using open recreation areas showed statistically significant differences in the relaxation sub-dimension [t (353) =2.261, p0.05]. does not show. It was observed that there was a moderately positive and significant relationship between the renewal experience and the quality of experience (r= 0.565, p<0.05). Accordingly, it can be said that as the quality of the experience increases, the renewal experience increases.

The aim of this study was to examine the sports commitment levels of Dumlupınar University Faculty of Sports Sciences students. 369 students from Dumlupınar University Faculty of Sport Sciences consisted of the study sample. In the study as the data collection tool, the "sport commitment scale" developed by Guillen and Martinez-Alvarado (2014) and adapted into Turkish by Kayhan, Bardakçı and Caz in 2020 was used. One-Way ANOVA and Independent Sample t-tests were used to analyze the data and the level of significance was accepted as p<0.05. According to the analyzed data there was no significant difference between the groups according to age and program variables, on the other hand there were significant (p<0.05) differences between the groups according to the studying department, class, and the statement of “do you earn money as an athlete while attending school” (p<0.05).

The present study aimed to determine the exercise addiction of the participants who actively attended the fitness centers within the sports and social life centers during the Covid-19 pandemic. In the study, the data were collected with the Exercise Addiction Scale and the obtained data were evaluated in the SPSS 22.0 statistical program. In the data analysis, first, the normality of the data was checked and the independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance tests were used. According to the results of the research, the average age of the participants was determined as (28.2±9.4 years). In addition, according to the findings obtained from the responses given to the scale items, the exercise addiction of the participants significantly differed according to the variables of gender and marital status, on the other hand, there was not any significant difference according to the variables of age and education level.

This research was conducted to examine the nutritional habits and ergogenic aid use of arm wrestling athletes during training and competition periods. 215 licensed athletes, who have been active in arm wrestling for an average of 4 years, voluntarily participated in the study. The study was designed as a quantitative survey study. Participants were determined by simple random sampling method. The data were collected through “Google Forms”. Frequency and percentage analyzes were performed on the obtained data using the Microsoft Excel program. According to analyzed results, it was determined that the participants showed similar eating habits during the training and competition periods. Besides, it was determined that majority of the participants did not use ergogenic aids.

Bu çalışma, Eğlenceli atletizm çalışmalarının ilkokul 1. sınıf öğrencilerinin motor gelişimine katkısını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. İstanbul ilinin Beykoz ilçesinde bulunan Defterdar Mehmet Bey İlkokulundan rastgele yöntemle seçilmiş olan iki farklı şubede toplam 54 öğrenci çalışma grubu ve kontrol grubu olarak ayrılmıştır. Tüm öğrencilere 7 istasyondan oluşan eğlenceli atletizm parkuru uygulanmıştır. Bu istasyonlar sırası ile; slalom, durarak önce sıçrama, duvara top fırlatma ve yakalama, merdiven geçişi, öne takla, tünel geçişi ve dengedir. Elde edilen verilerin çözümlemesi SPSS 21.0 paket programında yapılmıştır. Verilere ait tanımlayıcı istatistikler hesaplanmış, non-parametrik test olan Mann Whitney U ve Wilcoxon testleri uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubunun ön test ve son test verileri arasında parkur süresi dışında anlamlı bir farklılık görülmezken, çalışma grubunun ön test ve son test verileri arasında anlamlı farklılık görülmektedir ve kontrol grubu ile çalışma grubunun son testleri arasında çalışma grubunun lehine anlamlı farklılık görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak eğlenceli atletizm çalışmalarının ilkokul 1.sınıf öğrencilerin motor becerilerine olumlu bir katkı sağlandığı gözlemlenmektedir.

Literatüre bakıldığında sporun kişiye hem biyolojik hem de psikolojik olarak etkileri yadsınamayacak kadar fazla olduğu görülmektedir. Sporun kişiye kazandırdıklarının yanı sıra ülkelere pazarlama imkânı yaratma, tanıtma, markaların değerini artırma gibi etkilerle yerel ve bölgesel kalkınmayı desteklemede önemli bir araç haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenden birçok ülkenin de yaptığı gibi Türkiye‘ de spor organizasyonlarına ev sahipliği yapmak için organizasyonlar için gerekli alt yapıyı sağlamaya uğraş vermektedir. Yapılan bu çalışma mega spor etkinliklerinin yapıldığı kent ve ülkeler üzerinde bıraktığı etkileri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi modeli benimsenmektedir. Bu bağlamda konu ile ilgili kaynaklar arşiv olarak taranıp bir araya getirilip incelenecektir. Doküman analizinde veriler sistematik olarak toplanır, incelenir ve değerlendirilir. Bu bağlamda konu ile ilgili geçmişte yapılmış bilimsel çalışmalar, istatistiksel bilgiler, matematiksel veriler göz önüne alınmıştır. Elde edilen verilere baktığımız zaman mega spor etkinlikleri hızlı bir şekilde izleyici sayılarını arttırmıştır. Bunun neticesinde mega spor etkinliklerinin yapıldığı kentlerde spor turizmi gelişmiştir. Aynı zamanda kentler sosyo-ekonomik anlamda birçok etkiyi hissetmiştir. Mega spor etkinlikleri için yeni yapılan spor salonları hem kentlere olumlu etkiler yaratmış hem de istihdam alanında önemli bir yer tutmuştur. Bunların yanında spor sponsorlukları ve spor ile ilgili yan paydaşlar mega spor etkinliklerinden önemli derecede etkilenmiştir. Sonuç olarak mega spor etkinlikleri organize edildikleri kentlere çok farklı yönlerden önemli birçok etkide bulunmaktadır. Özellikler uzun vadede ülke tanıtımı, sporcu gelişimi, sporda tesisleşmeyi destekler nitelik de olumlu etkileri olabilmektedir. Bunlar spor sponsorluğu, istihdam, tesisleşme ve sporun yan paydaşları olarak sıralanabilir. Bu sebeplerden ötürü bu tür organizasyonların ülkemizde yapılması için planlı bir şekilde gelişme hedeflenmelidir.

Bu araştırmanın amacı; üniversite öğrencilerinin serbest zamanlarda sıkılma algısı, internet bağımlılığı ve algılanan sosyal yetkinlik düzeylerini bazı değişkenlere göre incelemek ve bu üç değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmektir. Kolayda örnekleme metoduyla ile seçilen toplam 430 (217 kadın ve 213 erkek) üniversite öğrencisine “Boş Zamanlarda Sıkılma Algısı Ölçeği (BZSAÖ), “Young İnternet Bağımlılığı Testi- Kısa Formu” (YİBT-KF) ve Algılanan Sosyal Yetkinlik Ölçeği (ASYÖ) uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizi için t-testi, MANOVA ve basit korelasyon testleri kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, cinsiyet değişkenine göre sadece “BZSAÖ”nin “doyumsuzluk” alt boyutunda kadın katılımcılar lehine sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Katılımcıların düzenli fiziksel aktiviteye katılma durumlarına göre “BZSAÖ”, “ASYÖ” ve “YİBT-KF”daki puanlarında anlamlı farklılaşmaya neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Korelasyon testi sonuçlarına göre, örneklem grubunda “BZSAÖ” “ASYÖ” ve “YİBT-KF” puanları arasında düşük düzeyde anlamlı ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kadın katılımcıların serbest zamanlarını zamanlarını yöneten veya serbest zamanlarının psikolojik ödüllerinin farkında oldukları söylenebilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, fiziksel aktivite katılımının düşük sıkılma algısı, yüksek iletişim becerisi, sosyallik ve çevrimiçi keşif davranışı sağladığı düşünülmektedir.

Bu çalışma, rekreasyonel bir etkinlik olarak Ultra Trail (patika koşusu) organizasyonlarına katılan bireylerin serbest zaman tatmin düzeylerini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma grubunu basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemi ile Salamon Cappadocia Ultra Trail organizasyonundan seçilen 313 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada kullanılan kişisel bilgiler formu araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulmuştur. Kullanılan veri toplama aracı ise Beard ve Ragheb (1980) tarafından geliştirilen ve Karlı ve ark. (2008) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan “Serbest Zaman Tatmin Ölçeği” dir. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler SPSS 20.0 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin normal dağılım gösterip göstermediği Kolmogrov-Smirnov testi ile analiz edilmiş ve normal dağılım göstermediği anlaşılmıştır. (p<0,05). Araştırmanın bulguları incelendiğinde, cinsiyet değişkenine göre erkek katılımcıların; medeni durum değişkenine göre ise bekâr katılımcıların serbest zaman tatmin puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca 29-38 yaş grubunda olan katılımcıların serbest zaman tutum ölçeği psikolojik alt boyutu toplam puan sıralamaları diğer gruplara göre anlamlı şekilde yüksektir.

Mevcut araştırma, lisanslı olarak spor yapan ve yapmayan üniversite öğrencilerinde sağlıklı yaşam becerileri ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenerek sağlıklı yaşam becerilerinin yaşam doyumu üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma nicel araştırma tekniklerinden ilişkisel tarama modeline göre tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmaya tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemine göre seçilen 249 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Katılımcılar Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulunda öğrenim görmektedir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Genç ve Karaman (2019) tarafından geliştirilen “Sağlıklı Yaşam Becerileri” ölçeği ve Dağlı ve Baysal (2016) tarafından uyarlanan “Yaşam Doyum Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Pearson Korelasyon ve basit doğrusal regresyon analizlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre sağlıklı yaşam becerileri ile yaşam doyumu arasında pozitif ilişkiler olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca sağlıklı beslenme ve sağlıkla ilgili kaynaklara ulaşma her iki grupta da yaşam doyumunun yordayıcısı durumunda iken, sağlığa verilen önem ve sağlık önceliği sadece lisanslı olarak spor yapan katılımcılarda yaşam doyumunu yordamaktadır.

Çalışmada 4 hafta boyunca submaksimal düzeyde egzersiz yapan sedanter bireylerde kefir tüketiminin vücut kompozisyonuna etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma deneysel bir çalışma olup çalışmaya 32 sedanter birey gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Gruplar deney ve kontrol grubu şeklinde rastgele seçilmiştir. Her iki grupta aynı anda egzersiz yapmaya başlanmış ve egzersiz protokolü 4 hafta boyunca submaksimal düzeyde sürmüştür. Ölçümler 4 haftalık egzersiz programında ön ve son test olacak şekilde iki defa alınmıştır. Katılımcıların aerobik uygunluk düzeyleri Karvonen formül ile hesaplanmış ve sonuçlar doğrultusunda egzersiz protokolü oluşturularak gün aşırı uygulanmıştır. Egzersiz süresi ortalama 60- 90 dakika; ısınma, kardio çalışmaları ve ağırlık çalışmaları olarak planlanmıştır. Kontrol grubuna egzersizin yanı sıra protein oranı yüksek bir beslenme programı uygulanırken, deney grubuna da ekstra günlük 500 ml kefir eklenmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden, bağımsız grup t-testi ve bağımlı grup t-testi tek kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, gruplar arası zamana bağlı yüzde değişimler “%Δ= (Son Test-Ön Test) /Ön Test*100” formülü kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda bağımsız grup T-testi sonucunda deney ve kontrol gruplarının kilo, bel çevresi, kas oranı, yağ oranı ve BMI ön test puan ortalamalarında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmemiştir (p>.05). Bağımlı T-testi sonuçlarında ise deney grubunda aynı parametrelerde ön-son test puan ortalamalarının karşılaştırılması sonucunda anlamlı farklılık olduğu, kontrol grubunda da anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir (p<.05). Fakat grup içi BMI değişimlerine bakıldığında kefir grubundaki değişimlerin daha yüksek oranda olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Bu çalışma, spor bilimleri fakülteleri mezunu kadınların istihdam ve işsizlik deneyimlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sporda kadınlara ilişkin literatürün çoğu, toplumsal cinsiyet çalışmalarının bir parçası olarak feminist teori bakış açısıyla yazılmıştır. Burada kadınların spor endüstrisindeki istihdam ve işsizlik deneyimlerinin analizinde makroekonomik parametreler ve emek teorilerine öncelik verilmektedir. Farklı bölüm, şehir, üniversite ve yaştan 22 kadınla Zoom programı üzerinden online olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve belirlenen temaları ortaya çıkaran deşifre edilmiş görüşmeler üzerinde içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular neticesinde ortaya çıkan temalar; istihdam ve işsizlikte eğitim hayatının rolü, cinsiyetin istihdamı ve işsizliği şekillendirici rolü, istihdamda ücret ve sosyal güvence sorunsalı ve işsizlik deneyimleri, torpil algısı ve işgücü politikaları şeklinde sıralanmaktadır. Hemen hemen her katılımcı kendilerini iyi yetiştirmeleri durumunda eşit istihdam olanaklarına erişim hali sağlanabildiği sürece iş bulabileceklerinin altını çizmiştir. Ayrıca her biri, tüm alanlarda iş bulma konusunda spor sektörünü çevreleyen temel sorunun torpil olduğuna dikkat çekmiştir. Kadınlar, işlerinde çoğunlukla fiziksel çalışmaların yanı sıra ev işleri ve çocuk bakımıyla da zorlamaktadır. Kamuda iş bulma konusunda sınırlamalar, özel sektörde ise özellikle ücretler açısından engellerle karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Bu da kadınların ya yıllarca işsiz kalmasına ya da düşük ücretlerle sigortasız işlerde çalışmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, kadınların sporda şeffaf ve eşit bir geleceğe sahip olmaları için politikalarda, belediyelerde, federasyonlarda, spor kulüplerinde ve üniversitelerde yapılması gereken yapısal değişikliklere dikkat çekmektedir.

Bu çalışma, Uşak Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin halk oyunları dersine karşı tutumlarını cinsşyet ve yaş değişkenleri bakımından incelemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya Uşak Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği, Antrenörlük Eğitimi ve Spor Yöneticiliği Bölümlerinde öğrenim gören, zorunlu ve seçmeli olarak “Halk Oyunları” dersi alan 79’u erkek (%57,4), 57’ si kadın (% 42,6) olmak üzere toplamda 136 öğrenci katılım sağlamıştır. Çalışmada öğrencilerin halk oyunları dersine yönelik tutumlarını ölçek için Turan (2015) tarafından geliştirilen “Halk oyunları dersine yönelik tutum ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçek 13 madde ve tek faktörlü yapıyı desteklemektedir. Veriler SPSS. 22 paket programda bağımsız örneklem t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi testleri ile çözümlenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre katılımcıların halk oyunları dersine yönelik tutumları cinsiyet değişkenine göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterirken, yaşa göre bir farklılık göstermemektedir. Sonuç olarak mevcut çalışma kadın öğrencilerin halk oyunları dersine yönelik daha pozitif bir tutuma sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.

Sosyal etki bireylerin yaşamlarını etkileyen herhangi bir dış etken olarak görülmektedir. Organizasyonlar, etkinlikler, faaliyetler gibi toplumsal aktiviteler bireylerin yaşam kalitesi üzerinde bir etki bırakabilmektedir. Sportif etkinlikler doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak toplumda yaşamını sürdüren bireyleri etkilemektedir. Bu doğrultuda sporu sosyal bir etki olarak ele almak mümkün olabilir. Sporun toplumlarda yer alan bireylerin fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığını etkilemesi sporun bir sosyal etki olduğunun göstergesi olabilir. Bu bağlamda spor bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin sosyal etki düzeylerinin incelenmesi çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel tarama modeli benimsenerek tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma grubu belirlenirken, "Kolayda Örnekleme" yönteminden yararlanılmıştır ve gönüllü olarak katılım sağlayan 287 kişi örneklem grubunu oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak ‘sosyal etki’ ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Örneklem grubunu oluşturan öğrencilerden elde edilen veriler IBM SPSS 25.0 paket programı kullanılarak istatistiksel işleme tabi tutulmuştur. Sosyal etki ölçeği toplam puan ortalamaları ile cinsiyet, aktif spor yapma durumu ve bölüm değişkenleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmemiş olması çalışma bulguları arasında yer almaktadır. Aktif spor yapan öğrencilerin aktif spor yapmayanlara göre sosyal etki puanları daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliğinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin sosyal etki ölçeğinden elde etmiş oldukları toplam puan ortalamaları Spor Yöneticiliği ve Antrenörlük Eğitimi bölümü öğrencilerden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Erkek öğrencilerinin sosyal etki ölçeğinden elde etmiş oldukları toplam puan ortalamaları kadın öğrencilerden yüksek bulunmuştur.

This study aimed to examine the task and ego orientations and the level of commitment to sports according to the perceptions of the athletes about the leadership type of the trainers. A total of 310 amateur basketball players, 205 men, and 105 women constituted the research group. As the data collection tools, in addition to a questionnaire containing items about personal information, task and ego orientation scale, and levels of sports engagement scale were used. Since the data were not normally distributed (p<0.05) as a result of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Mann-Whitney U test was used for binary variables and the Kruskal-Wallis H test for groups with more than two variables. Looking at the research findings, a statistically significant difference was found (p<0.05): According to gender, in the main dimension of task and ego orientation, the sub-dimension of task orientation and the main dimension of sports engagement; according to the duration of playing basketball, in the main dimension of sports engagement and the sub-dimensions of vigor and dedication; according to educational status, in the main dimension of task and ego orientation, sub-dimension of task orientation, main dimension of sports engagement, vigor and dedication sub-dimensions; according to family income, only in dedication sub-dimension of sports engagement; according to the place of residence, only in dedication sub-dimension of sports engagement; according to the leadership types of trainers, in the main dimension of task and ego orientation and ego orientation sub-dimension. The following conclusions were reached: The task and ego orientations of women and their level of sports engagement are higher than men; those who played basketball for 3-4 years had a higher level of sports engagement than others; the task and ego orientations of secondary school graduates and their level of sports engagement are higher than those of primary school graduates; those with a family income of 7501 TL and above have a higher level of dedication in the sub-dimension of sports engagement; those living in the district have a lower level of dedication in the sub-dimension of sports engagement than those living in villages, towns, and city center; the task and ego orientation levels of the athletes with charismatic trainers were higher than those with democratic, authoritarian and liberal trainers.

The aim of this research is to examine the perspectives of special education centers on adapted physical activity applications. In this qualitative study, which was designed in a phenomenological pattern, the criterion sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used. In line with the determined criteria, the study group of the research consists of 10 (ten) special education center administrators who implement adapted physical activity programs in Ankara. Personal information form and semi-structured interview form were used as data collection tools in the research. In the research, face-to-face interviews were conducted with the administrators of special education centers in the study group. The data were analyzed using the content analysis method. In order to ensure reliability in the research, Miles and Huberman's (1994) reliability formula was used and it was found to be .85. According to the research findings; The fact that adapted physical activity applications in special education centers contribute to individuals with physical, psychological, social and academic needs plays an important role in including these practices. In addition, it is seen that the provision of adapted physical activity services is an important factor in the preference of individuals with special needs by their parents. In this respect, it is stated that centers include adapted physical activity practices in their curricula and create the content of existing applications in line with the needs of individuals. It is seen that centers give importance to field arrangement, equipment selection and selection of qualified trainers for adapted physical activity practices. As a result, it can be said that adapted physical activity in special education centers contributes a lot to individuals with special needs, and adapted physical activity applications are important in choosing centers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate secondary school students' perceptions of leisure boredom in the distant education process according to variety of demographic factors. The study was designed as a quantitative cross-sectional study. The study sample was consisted of 214 secondary school students from Tavşanlı district of Kütahya province, who were chosen using the appropriate sampling method and willingly participated in the survey. The personal information form created by the researchers and Leisure Boredom Scale adopted into Turkish by Kara, Gürbüz, and Öncü (2014) was used as the data gathering tools. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 20 package program using independent samples t test and one way Anova. According to analyzed results, although there was no significant difference in the “satisfaction” sub-dimension of the participants’ scores according to gender and class variable (p>0.05), there was a significant difference in the “boring” sub-dimension (p<0.05). Besides, while there was a significant difference in the "satisfaction" sub-dimension (p0.05), according to the participants with and without a student club membership, and the time spent on the Internet. It was observed that the participants who had difficulty in evaluating the leisure time had differences in both sub-dimensions of satisfaction and boredom (p<0.05).

The present study aimed to examine the purchasing styles of consumers buying sports products, driven consumer innovation and the effect of perceived risk on purchasing. This research was designed according to the quantitative research model and the relational survey model was used. The research group consists of university students in Turkey. The research group consists of university students in Turkey. Group formation was carried out by criterion sampling method, which is one of the non-random sampling methods. In this context, the sample group of the research consists of 520 university students, 242 women and 278 men, who use sports products. In the research, a four-part face-to-face and online survey collection method was used as a data collection tool. In the research, "Personal Information Form" was used to determine the demographic characteristics of the participants. In addition, “Consumers' Decision-Making Styles Scale”, developed by Sproles and Kendall (1968) and adapted into Turkish by Dursun, Alnıaçık and Tümer (2013), in order to determine consumers' decision-making styles, in order to measure motivated consumer innovativeness “Motivated Consumer Innovativeness Scale” developed by Vandecasteele and Guenes (2010) and adapted into Turkish by Özoğlu and Bülbül (2013), The Perceived Risk Scale, developed by Stone and Mason (1995) and adapted into Turkish by Özoğlu and Bülbül, was used to measure the risks perceived by consumers during purchasing. The data obtained in the study were analyzed through the SPSS program. When the research findings are evaluated, it is seen that there are low positive and negative relationships between the variables of monthly spending on sports products and consumers' decision-making styles, motivated consumer innovativeness and perceived risk factors. In addition, it is seen that there is a positive, low and moderately significant relationship between consumers' decision-making styles and motivated consumer innovativeness and perceived risk, as well as between perceived risk and motivated consumer innovativeness.

Among those who play tennis, there is a subculture that spends a lot of effort on this sport. This article focuses on revealing the effect of the sense of freedom perceived by the tennis players in this group on their life satisfaction. 293 athletes from different regions participated in the research. Descriptive research method was used to collect the data and analyzes were made with SPSS 22 package program. There was no statistical difference according to gender, age, experience and occupation demographic variables. Marital status and not having an athlete's license affect perceived freedom. Singles and those without a license experience a greater sense of freedom. Another finding is that having an athlete's license has a positive effect on life satisfaction. The results obtained can be discussed in terms of being carried out in different provinces. By increasing the number of sports facilities, participation in tennis can be increased.

The purpose of the research was to examine the views of physical education teachers on value expectations in physical education and sports activities. The study was designed as a qualitative research and interview method was used in the research. The research group consisted of 21 physical education teachers (13 Male, 8 Female) who were selected according to the convenient sampling method in 2019-2020 Academic Year in Hatay province. Research data were collected through a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. In the research, the data were evaluated by content analysis method. According to the results of the research, it was determined that most of the physical education teachers expected their students to exhibit behaviors towards sportive virtue in cases of winning and losing, and some others expected their students to always be on the winning side. Besides, it was determined that physical education teachers stated that moral values were more important in sports tournaments held between schools and provinces, and that both material and moral values were an inseparable whole.

Bu çalışmada, spor bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin liderlik yönelimlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Katılımcıların liderlik yönelimleri; cinsiyet, yaş, sınıf, lisanslı spor yapma durumu ve liderlik dersi alma değişkenleri bakımından incelenmiştir. Çalışma Grubunu, 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında Gazi Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 171’i kadın, 154’ü erkek olmak üzere toplam 325 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların liderlik yönelimlerinin belirlenmesinde Dursun, Günay ve Yenel (2019) tarafından geliştirilen Çok Yönlü Liderlik Yönelimleri Ölçeği (ÇYLYÖ) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizine geçilmeden önce normallik testi yapılmış ve verilerin normal dağıldığı görülmüştür. Verilerin analiz edilirken, ikili karşılaştırmalar için “Bağımsız Örneklemler için T-testi”, ikiden fazla grubun bulunduğu karşılaştırmalarda ise “Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi” testi yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların liderlik yönelimleri ile yaş değişkeni arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için “Pearson Korelasyon” analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; öğrencilerin liderlik yönelimleri ile liderlik dersi alam değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, yaş ve liderlik yönelimleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Fakat liderlik yönelimleri ile cinsiyet, lisanslı spor yapma ve sınıf değişkenleri arasında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılaşma yoktur.

Takımlar, taraftarlarıyla bütünleşerek büyüyüp, gelişmeye çalışır. Taraftarlar da takımlarıyla özdeşleşir ve gönülden bağlanır. Ayrıca futbol, seyirci ve taraftarları mutlu eden unsurlar barındırır. Takımının alacağı galibiyet, seyirci ve taraftarlarını mutlu eder. Bu çalışmanın amacı, futbol taraftarlarının takıma psikolojik bağlılık, fanatiklik ve mutluluk düzeylerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesidir. Bu araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel ve ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini Türkiye profesyonel futbol liglerinde mücadele eden takımlardan herhangi birinin taraftarı olan ve gönüllü olarak çalışmaya katılan 1285 futbol taraftarı oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgiler anketi, Takıma Psikolojik Bağlılık Ölçeği, Futbol Taraftarı Fanatiklik Ölçeği ve Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği Kısa Formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında toplanan veriler pandemi koşulları nedeniyle yalnızca Google Formlar aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 25.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Veriler, normal dağılım özelliklerine uymadığı için verilerin analizinde non-parametrik testlerden Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskal Wallis testleri kullanılmıştır. Farkın kaynağını tespit etmek için çoklu karşılaştırma testlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Ölçekler arasındaki ilişkinin tespit edilebilmesi için Spearman Korelasyon Testi uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, katılımcıların %45’inin taraftar, %29,4’ünün futbolsever, %25,6’sının ise fanatik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Fanatik olanların diğerlerinden, erkek katılımcıların kadın katılımcılardan, takımının taraftar grubuna üye olanların olmayanlardan, takımının tüm maçlarını izleyenlerin izlemeyenlerden takıma psikolojik bağlılık, fanatiklik ve mutluluk düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların fanatiklik düzeyleri ile psikolojik bağlılık düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönlü ve orta düzeyde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Fanatiklik düzeyleri ile mutluluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki ise yine pozitif yönlü olmasına rağmen düşük düzeydedir. Psikolojik bağlılık düzeyleri ile mutluluk düzeyleri arasında da pozitif yönlü düşük düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Mevcut araştırmanın amacı Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin empatik eğilimleri, karar verme stilleri ve iletişim becerilerinin arasındaki ilişkileri tespit etmektir. Araştırma grubunu Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 370 gönüllü öğrenci oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada veriler araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan kişisel bilgi formunun yanı sıra Melbourne Karar Verme Ölçeği I-II, Empatik Eğilim Ölçeği ve İletişim Becerileri Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde istatistiksel paket programı kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların kişisel bilgilerinin dağılımları yüzde ve frekans yöntemleri ile belirlenmiştir. Verilerin dağılımı Kolmogorow-Smirnow testi ile belirlenmiş ve bağımlı değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin tespitinde Spearman Korelasyon testi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre kadın katılımcıların empatik eğilimleri ile iletişim becerileri arasında negatif yönde ve zayıf bir ilişki tespit edilirken, karar verme stilleri ile pozitif yönlü zayıf ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşılık erkek katılımcıların empatik eğilimleri ile iletişim becerileri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilemezken, karar verme stilleri ile negatif yönlü zayıf ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak mevcut çalışma hem kadın hem de erkek spor bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin empatik eğilimleri, karar verme stilleri ve iletişim becerileri arasında çeşitli ilişkiler olduğunu göstermiştir. Fakat ortaya çıkan sonuçların derinlenmesine incelenmesi için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Nevşehir ve Kırşehir il merkezi ve taşrada görev yapan beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin mesleki tükenmişlik düzeylerini belirleyerek, farklı değişkenler açısından incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklem gurubunu Nevşehir il merkezinde 53 taşrada 62, Kırşehir il merkezinde 65 taşrada 45 olmak üzere toplam 225 beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada verileri toplamak amacıyla, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen kişisel bilgi formu ve 22 maddeden oluşan “Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri Eğitimci Formu” kullanılmıştır. Veriler analiz edilirken verilerin normal dağılım göstermediği belirlenmiş olup hipotez testleri parametrik olmayan testler kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, beden eğitimi ve öğretmelerinin mesleki tükenmişleri arasında merkez ve taşrada çalışma değişkeni açısından duyarsızlaşma alt boyutunda, medeni durum değişkenine göre duygusal tükenme alt boyutunda, görev yeri, cinsiyet ve mesleki hizmet yılı değişkenleri açısından ise duyarsızlaşma alt boyutun da anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur.

This research included 11 female professional Ethiopian elite distance athletes ranging in age from 21 to 37 years old, who run at Olympic Games, World Champions as well as in the platinum and gold label status road races. According to the WA labeling system, among the 11 samples of the runners 63.63% (7/11)) are platinum, and 36.37(4/11 are Gold Label Status runners. For a long time, Ethiopian athletes have dominated long-distance races across the world. The goal of this research was to learn about some of the physical and physiological features of elite Ethiopian female long-distance runners. Each athlete's height, weight, BMI, body composition, fat percentage (percentage of body weight), VO2 max, cooper test, exercise and resting heart rate, skinfold thickness, and blood pressure were all recorded and tabulated on the table. According to my research, living and training at high altitude, high-intensity training type, Vo2 max, running economy, low BMI, lower skinfold thickness, lower body fat percentage, and ectomorphic body composition make Ethiopian athletes so good. The VO2max of Ethiopian elite women long-distance runners competing at the international level ranges from72.6 to 81.9 ml/kg/min. The 12-minute running test (Cooper test), covers an incredible distance, ranging from 3750 m to 4200 m for women.

The aim of this study was to investigate of the effects of 12-week recreative exercise programme on body weight, hand grip strength, back strength, leg strength, elasticity and body composition of female. A total of 67 females, 32 subjects and 35 controls, participated in the study voluntarily. The mean age of the subject group is 43.12 ± 11.17, the control group is 36.82 ± 9.82 years. The first measurements were made before the exercise program of the subject group and the second measurements were made on the end date of the exercise program. Body weight, hand grip strength, back strength, leg strength, elasticity, push-ups, sit-ups and body fat measurements were measured depending on the exercise program of the subject group female and control group females. The obtained data were used t-test, with p 0.05), the differences between the body fat measurement values of the females in the subject group were obtain to be statistically significant (p <0.05). After the 12-week recreational exercise program, there exist differences emerged in the participants in terms of physical, physiological and anthrepometric characteristics, depending on the exercise program applied as a result of the measurements taken from the subject group females before and after the exercise. Consequently, it was observed that the recreational exercise program improved the physiological and anthropometric characteristics of the subject group females.

The concept of Connectedness to Nature, which has been frequently mentioned in recent years and is the most important milestone for sustainable understanding, has become the focus of various disciplines and fields of study. In this context, our study aims to contribute to the literature that will form a basis for the relationship between nature and sports by measuring the dependence of individuals who do the physical activity outdoors. The sample group of the study consists of 241 participants who come to do sports on certain days of the week in Ankara. "Connectedness to Nature Scale" adapted to Turkish by Bektaş, Kural, and Orçan, (2017) was used to determine the level of commitment to nature of the participants. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for the whole of the scale was found to be 88, and t-test and variance analysis methods were used to determine the dependency of the participants to nature according to their demographic information. The participants were examined, it was found that 34.9% were women and 65.1% were men. When their dependence on nature according to gender is examined, no statistically significant difference was found (t = -, 446 p> .05). When the frequency of physical activity of the participants is evaluated, doing physical activity continuously creates a positive effect on the connectedness to nature. As a result, as the amount of physical activities increases in open areas, the connectedness to nature will increase.

Like most of his works Jack London, a socialist working-class writer, adopts a critical approach in his sports-themed works. His novels and short stories concern the capitalist sports system and the competitive structure of modern sports, which began to be institutionalized in the early twentieth century, through a socialist point of view. His short story “A Piece of Steak”, which presents a section from the life of an aging boxer, is one of those works. In this study, the aforementioned short story has been analyzed through the sociology of literature. Social facts pointed out through the literary text about the life struggle of a boxer by Jack London and sociological themes related to inequalities and social conflicts have been put forward. Getting old, which means poverty, hunger, and exclusion from the social system for a professional boxer is the main theme of the story. The association of capitalism and sports, competitive market values, social inequalities, oppressed classes, poverty, and alienation are depicted through the lifestyle of a boxer in the work. The narration of modern sports, which stands out with its entertainment characteristics, as a social reality dependent on capitalist mechanisms is presented through a sports worker. In the final analysis, sports find a place as a social field that reflects and reproduces the social reality, conflicts, and the economic logic of its society in the literary text in which London displays his critical approach.

A number of factors such as family, audience, manager and competition environment influence prosocial and antisocial behaviors and moral decision-making attitudes in sports. In this context, the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship and effect of the coach-athlete relation on moral decision-making attitudes and prosocial and antisocial behaviors. Correlational survey model was adopted in this study. The sample of the study consisted of 246 licensed male football players, who were between 14-17 years old, in Elazığ, Bolu, Ankara and Gaziantep in the 2019-2020 season. The average age of the players was M=15.17±0.7. Four scales were used to collect data: “Personal Information Form”, “Attitudes to Moral Decision-making in Youth Sport Questionnaire 2”, “Interpersonal Behaviors Questionnaire in Sport” and “Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sports Scale”. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used in data analysis. Autonomy-supportive in interpersonal behaviors in sports, keeping winning in proportion in moral decision-making attitudes, and prosocial behavior of teammate in prosocial and antisocial behaviors were found to have higher mean scores compared to other sub-scales. In addition, a positive significant relationship between interpersonal behavior in sports, moral decision-making attitude and prosocial and antisocial behaviors in sports and the age variable was found. Interpersonal behavior in sports explained 68% of the total variance in prosocial behavior as well as 45% of the total variance in antisocial behavior. Finally, it was found that interpersonal behavior in sports explained 3% of the total variance at the level of keeping winning in proportion in moral decision-making attitudes. As a result, ıt was concluded that the relationship and effect of the coach-athlete relationship on moral decision-making attitudes and prosocial and antisocial behaviors in young football players was statistically significant.

Present study aimed to examine the state and trait anxiety levels of athletes engaged in archery competitions in terms of some variables. The research was carried out by using cross-sectional scanning model, which is one of the descriptive research approaches. The research population consisted of the athletes who participated in the Archery Championships. The sample of the research consisted of a total of 142 athletes, 59 women and 83 men, who voluntarily agreed to participate in the research among the athletes participating in the Championship. In the research, data were collected via Spielberger's Trait-State Anxiety Inventory. The data were analyzed by SPSS 23. Since the data did not show normal distribution, analysis was performed using non-parametric tests. Kruskal Wallis test was used in multiple comparisons and Mann Whitney-U test was used in comparisons between the two variables. Significance level was taken as p 0.05) however, there were significant differences according to age and education variables (p <0.05).

In this study, it was aimed to examine the body composition, anthropometric and strength parameters of level cadet male cyclists at the national team level and to evaluate the relationship between the body composition, anthropometric and strength parameters. A total of 28 cadet male cyclists (age: 14.92±0.76, height:170,52±5.54, weight:60.47±5.59) participated in the study. Anthropometric characteristics of the subjects; height, body weight, body fat percentage, body mass index, skinfold thickness were measured, body fat percentage was determined using the “Yuhasz” formula, and motoric characteristics such as right and left handgrip strength, back strength and leg strength were measured. The analysis of the data was made in the SPSS statistical program and evaluated with the Pearson Correlation test. The result of the study, body fat percentage (8.949±1,104) and body mass index (20,786±1.555) were found. It was determined that the right handgrip strength (42,553±5,862), left handgrip strength (40.535±5,864), back strength (119,839±15,442) and leg strength (134,125±21,833) of the cadet cyclists were found. In addition, when the difference between handgrip strengths of the cyclists was examined, it was seen that the right hand was dominant. While there was a significant and positive correlation between body weight and right & left handgrip strength and back strength (r=0.478, p=0.01; r=0.405, p=0.032; r=0.409, p=0.031); it was determined that there was no correlation between body weight and leg strength (p>0.05). In addition, while there was an average significant and positive correlation was found between body mass index and only right handgrip strength (r=0.417, p=0.027), it was found that there was no significant correlation between age, height, fat ratio and strength parameters (p>0.05). As a result; this study showed that cadet cyclists have good hand grip, back and leg strength, and there is a significant correlation only between body weight and handgrip strength values, among the anthropometric characteristics. However, it was determined that there was no significant correlation between and anthropometric characteristics and leg strength, which is important for cyclists.

In this study, the sports and social experiences of female volleyball players were examined in terms of gender perspective. Volleyball, which stands out as a sport specific to women in the social perception has been problematized in terms of the social experiences of female athletes. The study was conducted with a qualitative method. Semi-structured in-depth interview was used as the data collection tool and was designed according to the phenomenological pattern. Accordingly, 15 female athletes between the ages of 30-67 who had at least 10 years of volleyball sports experience between 1980-2019 were interviewed. Document analysis was used as an auxiliary data collection technique. The research findings are divided into six themes. These themes are; ‘Women’s volleyball in Turkish sports history, Social perception and legitimization forms of the female volleyball players body, the positioning of volleyball as a feminine sport branch, “Sultans of the net” as a local identity and representation style, Social institutions and female athlete experience: socialization forms between volleyball and household (family) and Mobbing, harassment and abuse in volleyball. As a result of the analysis of the findings, it was seen that there were differences and continuities between generations in the socialization processes of volleyball women due to gender relations. Women’s volleyball in Turkey in the early stages of volleyball is encoded through the assessment specific to bodies and women’s sporting performance remains in the shadow of female sexuality. Today women are more successful in the volleyball than men. This situation leads to the legitimization and coding of volleyball as a feminine sport branch through gender stereotypes. Throughout the history of Turkish sports, it is seen that different forms of representation have been attributed to volleyball women by the media. According to our research, these forms of representation are placed in social perception with the “naked calf”, “Atatürk’s daughters” and “Sultans of the net” discourse respectively. Today the “Sultans of the net” discourse is widely used in all social institutions in Turkey. This has led to the transformation and institutionalization of this discourse into a local and national identity represented by women volleyball players in Turkey. It is seen that the discourse is also internalized by volleyball players. Although being a volleyball player in Turkey positively affects women’s social identity and status in the context of economic freedom and public visibility, it cannot free women from the hierarchy of the patriarchal structure in domestic roles. Volleyball women are often exposed to mobbing and harassment from coaches and managers.

The level of identification of the fans with their team and their perceptions of the team image are essential in order to understand the position of the team in the eyes of the fans. In this direction, this study was conducted to determine the level of identification of Sakaryaspor fans with their team and to reveal their perceptions of team image. The study was designed as a quantitative cross sectional study. The study sample consisted of 300 Sakaryaspor Fans. The Sports Fan Identification Scale developed by Wann and Branscombe (1993) and adapted to Turkish by Günay and Tiryaki (2003), and the Club Image Scale developed by Jung (2012) and adapted into Turkish by Sönmezoğlu, Çoknaz and Polat (2016) were used as data collection tools in the research. Besides, 10 item quastionnaire prepared by the researchers were added to the data collection tool to identify the demographic information of the participants. The data were collected via Google Forms due to the pandemic. SPSS 25.0 was used in the analysis of the data. Independent Samples T Test and Anova were used in the analysis as the data showed normal distribution. Post hoc tests were used to determine the source of the difference. Besides, Pearson Correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between the level of identification with the team and the perception towards team image. As a result of the research, it was seen that Sakaryaspor fans' level of identification with the team and their perceptions of the team image were at a moderate level. Moderate level positive (r=.532) and significant relationship (p<.05) was found between Sakaryaspor fans' perceptions of the team image and their level of identification with the team. It was observed that the level of identification with the team and the perception of the team image of the fans who went to home matches and who went to away matches and who were the members of their team's fan group or who had a high number of watching seasonal matches were higher than the other participants.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 9-week strength and endurance training on the aerobic performance of female basketball players. The study group consisted of athletes (n=15 mean age=16±0.7) who are actively competing in the basketball development league (BGL). Before any assessment informed consent form obtained from the parents of the athletes. In the study, additional strength (10 days) and endurance (20 days) trainings were applied to the existing basketball trainings for 9 weeks. The 30-15 Interval Fitness Test was applied to the athletes in different time periods, 9 weeks before and after the program, and the data were recorded statistically. In the study, as the data showed a normal distribution parametric statistical tests were used. As a result of the study, it was found that there was a significant difference p<0.05 in the values ​​of running distance and maximum aerobic speed (MAS), as well as significant differences in the body weight, body mass index and height of the athletes.

IThere were two main objectives of the current research. The first aim was to determine the levels of loneliness, communication skills, and digital game addiction of sports faculty students. The second aim was to determine the relationship between the loneliness and communication skill levels of students and their digital game addiction levels and to examine whether the students' being addicted to digital games created a differentiation between loneliness and communication skills. The data of the study were collected through the "Personal Information Form", "Digital Game Addiction Scale (DGAS), "UCLA Loneliness Scale" and "Communication Skills Scale. The data of 378 students who filled out the scales completely were evaluated for the study. In the analysis of the data, first, in line with the average scores of the answers given by 378 students to the scales; in addition to descriptive statistics, T-Test was used for two independent groups, Kruskal Wallis H-Test was used for groups of three or more. Pearson correlation analyzes were used to determine the direction of the relationship between the variables. Data were tested at α= 0.05 significance level. The findings of the study showed that the digital game addiction levels of students were at high levels. Parallel to this finding, 153 (40%) of 378 students were found to be addicted to digital games. The digital game addiction level (D.O.B.D) of the students studying in the recreation department was found to be significantly lower than the students studying in the coaching and management department. There was a negative, weak and significant relationship between the students' D.O.B.D and their loneliness levels. Despite this situation, whether the students were addicted to digital games or not wasn't seen as an effective factor in loneliness and communication skills. The results were compared with current studies in the literature and suggestions for future studies were presented.

Athletes have to cope not only with their opponents but also with many psychological factors for success. The aim of this study is to test the validity and reliability of the "Challenge And Threat In Sport Scale” developed by Rossato, Uphill, Swain and Coleman (2018) for Turkish culture. The psychometric properties of the scale were tested on 75 female (27.3%) and 200 male (72.7%), total 275 (average age= 17.91±2.82) athletes. There are a total of 12 items and 2 subscales in the original of the Challenge And Threat In Sport Scale. To test the construct validity of the scale in Turkish culture, explatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis was applied. Internal consistency co-efficients were calculated for each subscale of the measurement tool. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, it was seen that the Turkish version of the scale, as in the original scale, consisted of 11 items and 2 subscales: "challenge" and "threat". It was fastened down that the factor loads of the items that make up the scale varied between .40 and .81. According to the confirmatory factor analysis results, it was calculated as χ2 / df = 2.64, GFI = .94, AGFI = .90, CFI = .94, IFI = .94, SRMR = .07 and RMSEA = .07. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficients of the scale were calculated as .84 for the "threat" subscale and .80 for the "challenge" subscale. As a result, it can be said that the psychometric properties of "Turkish Challenge And Threat In Sport Scale" is an adequate measurement tool to evaluate the challenge and threat levels of competing athletes in various branches.

This study aimed to explore the narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy levels of athletes in different branches (wrestling, tennis, football, swimming) according to various variables. The study was designed as a cross-sectional quantitative study. The convenience sampling method was used to determine the research sample. One hundred ninety-two (192) athletes who do sports in different branches in Istanbul participated in the study. In the study as the data collection tool, the Dark Triad Trait scale was used. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, independent samples t-test, and ANOVA statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. According to the findings obtained in the study, it was seen that there were significant differences in the comparison between the age, gender, educational status, and economic status of the athletes and the dark triad sub-dimensions. Besides, there was no significant difference in the comparison made by the athletes according to the branch they were interested in. As a result of the research, it was seen that the mean scores of Machiavellianism and narcissism of the athletes were at high levels, and the levels of psychopathy were moderate. In addition, it was determined that there was a high level of positive correlation between the athletes' narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy levels. Based on this result, it can be said that athletes with high levels of Machiavellianism exhibit acts of self-interest and deception, while high levels of narcissism tend to be arrogant, insensitive, and incapable of empathy. It was estimated that the cause for these behaviors of the athletes was the result of their efforts to achieve success and goals.