Results in Zarządzanie W Kulturze: 176
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Published: 30 November 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 319-339; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.019.16408
Abstract:
Motivation and Needs of Artistic Workers from Generation Y. A Case Study of a Music Institution The aim of the work is to analyse the motivational system used in one of the musical cultural institutions in Poland and to identify the motivating factors (motivators) for the work of the artists employed in it, representing the Generation Y. The first – theoretical – part contains selected motivational theories and the characteristics of Generation Y. The empirical part is a description of the results of the research carried out by the author. A critical analysis of the literature and the results of surveys as well as interviews conducted in a cultural institution will allow the author to answer the following research questions: What are the current premises and needs of Generation Y when they start working in a public cultural institution? What are the motivating and demotivating factors for a Generation Y employee of a public cultural institution? In order to research the topic, the author chose the case study method. A large (over 200 people) public institution promoting musical culture served as a model. Only a group of artistic creators (choir and orchestra with the decision-makers) from Generation Y (people born between 1980 and 2000) was subjected to the test. The research showed the diversity of such occurring employee needs: stabilisation of employment, belonging to a team and the need for closer contact with art. The main motivating factors for work are also stable employment, but also finances, a friendly atmosphere and a possibility of professional development. Among the demotivators, the Millennials indicated the inadequacy of earnings in relation to work, lack of respect and poor working conditions.
Published: 30 November 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 341-348; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.020.16409
Abstract:
Recenzja książki Małgorzaty Sternal O samodzielności artysty muzyka (Akademia Muzyczna w Krakowie, Kraków 2020, 244 s., ISBN 978-83-62743-94-0)
Published: 30 November 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 217-236; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.014.16403
Abstract:
What do We Know about Staff of Cultural Institutions? A Systematic Overview of Polish Literature The goal of this article is to showcase the current state of research and the emerging tendencies in analyses concerning the staff of cultural institutions, while providing a systematical overview of the literature. Staff of cultural institutions was defined as persons employed in cultural organisations (of public, private and NGO character) whose work begins there where the predisposition of the employed artists ends and whose work plays a vital role in creation, distribution and protection of culture. Based on the previous research one can conclude that the topic of staff of cultural institutions is addressed by the authors, its analysis, however, proves to be fragmentary and oftentimes superficial.
Published: 30 November 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.021.16702
Published: 30 November 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 297-317; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.018.16407
Abstract:
Strongwomen and McGyvers. On the Determinants of the Demotivation among the Employees of Polish Cultural Centres The article deals with the topic of demotivation among the staff of Polish cultural centres. The aim of the paper is to explore the phenomenon from a humanist perspective. The first part describes the definitions of demotivation and the reasons it occurs. The research results were then presented. The answers obtained through an online questionnaire and interviews show that demotivation occurs in this group. The essential determinants of demotivation are elements of the internal environment of the organization.
,
Lena Grzesiak
Published: 30 November 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 237-254; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.015.16404
Abstract:
Competence Requirements for the Staff of Cultural Institutions. An Analysis of Job Advertisements Analysing the employees’ competencies is relevant both from the organisation’s and individuals’ perspective, because it allows – for example – to predict emerging competency gaps in organisations, design training offers tailored to the organisation’s needs and employees’ expectations, or to better match people’ professional tasks with organisational culture. One of the methods for obtaining information about competence requirements is the analyse of job advertisements published by the selected employers. This article focuses on the competence requirements set by employers representing cultural organisations. Its purpose is to showcase the competencies expected from the staff of cultural institutions in Poland from the perspective of job advertisements. The article presents the results of the analysis of 127 job advertisements published on the “Pracuj w Kulturze” webiste from the 31st of January to the 1st of February 2022. The analysis included the requirements regarding the following: knowledge (both formal and non-formal), skills and employee attitudes desired by the employers.
Published: 30 November 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 273-296; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.017.16406
Abstract:
Time in Organizational Space: The Perspective of Employees of a Cultural Organization Cultural institutions are exceptional spaces where time gains new meanings. By interacting with stakeholders, responding to the needs declared by potential recipients, and setting trends – they become active participants in the process of shaping and giving meaning to cultural heritage, of which one of the most important components is also time. Therefore, it turns out that employees of cultural institutions are responsible not only for managing themselves but for managing the processes taking place within an organization as well, moreover they are also obliged to closely observe the dynamically changing world. This text aims to diagnose and describe the importance of time – according to employees – in working in cultural institutions. To prepare the article, the author used the research conducted for the purposes of her thesis entitled Time management – aporia or utopia? In line with the adopted methodological strategy, the method of narrative collage was used, consisting of collecting fictional stories from employees of cultural organizations. The analysis of the obtained research material made it possible to diagnose the challenges faced by cultural institutions, related to, inter alia, inadequate financing, failure of taking into account the individual needs and expectations of employees and chaos in the working time organization.
Published: 30 November 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 255-271; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.016.16405
Abstract:
The purpose of this paper was to explore the organisation of a support system for the professional development of women in public cultural institutions. The deliberations in this paper are based on qualitative research. The research included biographical interviews with ten women who currently work in managerial positions in public cultural institutions in Poland. This research strategy made it possible to get to know the experiences of women who reached managerial positions in their professional career in culture and to attempt an explanation of the observed phenomena as they are seen by people who were part of the system. Research has shown that the support system for the professional development of women in public cultural institutions seems to be largely based on informal solutions initiated within the personal support networks of women who are part of the system, its foundation being interpersonal relations. The main contribution of the paper is the interesting dataset gathered. Moreover, the proposed rhizome metaphor enriches the field of organizational research by suggesting new ideas that contribute to expanding on how we can see and perceive the complexity and variation in organizational phenomena of women in leadership positions and therefore opening up new interpretations and directions.
Published: 30 June 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 97-110; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.007.16161
Abstract:
Myths are Both Helpful and... Disruptive to an Organization Throughout this article, the role of myths as part of organizational culture is emphasized. Myths, similarly to cultures, diverge according to the type of organization. In the paper, opposing types of organizations are distinguished on the basis of their attitude to power and to environmental issues. The objective of this article is to analyze the core myths exploited in organizations for motivational purposes in order to identify the conditions for their positive or negative impact on both organizational efficiency and employee wellbeing.
Published: 30 June 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 169-185; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.011.16165
Abstract:
Mythologizing Busking: Discourse, Self-Narration, and Self-Creation The article deals with the phenomenon of mythologizing the activity of buskers. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate that street performers, despite their rich and varied history, both diachronically and synchronically, continue to be represented in a simplistic, stereotypical way. The intention of the authors was to show the real, more complex image and identity of buskers. The research problem concerns the mythologization of street performances in terms of discourse, self-narration, and self-creation. The article relates to three research questions: (1) How are the activity of buskers and the performers themselves being described? (2) How do buskers create and explain their own stories in terms of performing in the street? (3) How do they create and interpret their image? The article is the result of a joint analysis of the outcomes of ethnographic fieldworks conducted independently by two researchers in 2011–2019 in various cities, mainly in Poland but also abroad. The results show that the activity of buskers is subject to mythologization, which impacts the discourse on their activity as well as the formation of their identity and image.
Published: 30 June 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 111-131; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.008.16162
Abstract:
Managing the Mythical Mind The aim of the article is to consider whether the mental mechanisms essential for the functioning of a myth, used effectively for many years in culture-creating activities (especially in the area of art and entertainment), can also be applied to the processes of cultural management. The hypothesis of such a possibility is based on the belief that the same properties of human cognitive architecture that account for the popularity of the form of myth are (or can be) used to shape specific attitudes and actions. In particular, this applies to such properties of myth as narrative communication, fiction, worldview referencing, concepts of agency, as well as counterintuitive imagery and primary metaphors. The article is a theoretical study based on a review of literature in the field of the theory of myth and cognitive science, discussing the perspective of the application of findings made at the intersection of these two domains in management theory and practice as well as potential empirical research in this area.
Published: 30 June 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 187-216; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.012.16166
Abstract:
Ideal Organizations: Creating Myths of Enterprises through Monuments in Communist-Era Poland Myths are messages that shape people’s imaginations, determine how they perceive the world, and shape their attitudes and behaviors. Monuments are an important source of myths. In communist-era Poland, they gave enterprises a special social status. The aim of this paper is to identify the myths hidden behind such monuments and to point to the ideas about workplaces which they fostered. Appropriate research has been carried out to achieve this goal, identifying monuments to enterprises erected in communist-era Poland, collecting stories related to them, and carrying out an analysis of the assembled data. Thanks to the analysis, it has been possible to distinguish five categories of myths: 1) greatness and perfection, 2) breaking down barriers, 3) heroism and tragedy, 4) inspiration and afflation, and 5) social mission. It has also been found that these myths created the image of an ideal socialist organization in people’s imaginations.
,
Paulina Kwiatkowska-Chylińska
Published: 30 June 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.006.16160
Abstract:
Wprowadzenie. Mitologie sektora kultury: zarządzanie w świecie znaczeń
Published: 30 June 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 153-167; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.010.16164
Abstract:
The Relevance of Myth in the Personal Branding of a Hollywood Actor A hundred years ago, Hollywood became the cradle of the American film industry. It soon began to dictate standards and canons, including the shaping of actors’ personal brands. Back in that time, their profession was the exclusive domain of a ‘selected’ few who were granted the status of goddesses and heroes, with the fans idolizing their cinematic and private image. With the passage of time and the concomitant social and legal changes, the brand strategy of screen celebrities has evolved. The moral revolution in the second half of the twentieth century brought the trend of displaying one’s sexuality, generating new myths of the sex bomb and the playboy. These, in turn, were refuted with an appeal to the archetype of professionalism by inscribing mastery of the craft in the core brand message and significantly reducing non-professional content. The purpose of the article is to present the evolutionary direction of a Hollywood actor’s mythbased personal brand strategy. By demonstrating the process of altering the strategies of image creation, the paper draws conclusions regarding the identity change of Hollywood actors. It shows their path of gradually freeing themselves from the constraints imposed by their idealization and simultaneously emphasizing the work put into improving their vocational skills, which allows them to strengthen their professional position.
Published: 30 June 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 133-152; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.009.16163
Abstract:
Myth Strategy in Social Media Film Marketing Nowadays, many marketing activities involve the implementation of modern solutions. One of these may be the use of social media. Concomitantly, marketing can also use well-known techniques that have been working for years in many different areas – such as those that refer to the attributes of myth. The aim of this paper is to present the results of research on the use of myth strategy in social media marketing in the Polish film market. In order to achieve this goal, a literature review has been conducted and research of the best film-related Facebook profiles has been carried out. The study identified multiple ways to implement the myth strategy using the strategies of monomyth, bricolage, and counter-intuitiveness.
Published: 30 May 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 1-20; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.001.15867
Abstract:
Moderation, Community and Non-Human Perspective as Ecological Strategies of (Post-)Art Towards Climate Crisis The foundations of the culture as well as of the current climate and ecological crisis rely on two paradigms that require deconstruction in context of the anthropocene, namely the capitalistic and anthropocentric paradigms. The author not only criticizes them, but also looks for alternatives among the post-humanistic philosophies and post-artistic practises that exceed modernistic traditions as well as autonomous and representative art. New tools for describing and changing reality can be provided by post-artistic practices which focus on action, social use, communities and immaterial benefits. This situates post-art in contraposition to institutionalized overproduction, anthropocentric individualism and market-based rules.
Published: 30 May 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 37-53; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.003.15869
Abstract:
Advanced NLP Procedures as Premises for the Reconstruction of the Idea of Knowledge The article presents the current state of development of the Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology, in particular the GPT-3 language model, and presents its consequences for understanding the phenomenon of knowledge. The NLP technology has been experiencing remarkable development recently. The GPT-3 language model presents a level of advancement that allows it to generate texts as answers to general questions, as summaries of the presented text, etc., which reach the level surpassing the analogous level of human texts. These algorithmic operations lead to the determination of the probability distribution of its components. Texts generated by such a model should be considered as autonomous texts, using immanent, implicit knowledge embedded in language. This conclusion raises questions about the status of such knowledge. Help in the analysis is provided also by the theory of discourse, as well as the theory of discursive space based on it, that proposes the interpretation of knowledge as a trajectory of discourses in a dynamical space. Recognizing that knowledge may also be autonomous, and in particular not be at the exclusive disposal of humans, leads to the question of the status of artificial cognitive agents, such as the GPT-3 language model.
Published: 30 May 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 75-95; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.005.15871
Abstract:
Managing a More-Than Human Team in the Cat Cafe „Kociarnia” The article in the form of organizational ethnography explores managing feline-human team, and this way becomes part of animal turn in social sciences, especially management. Research problem is managing the team built with various actors, in management studies known as resources, which is placed in the space of Cat Cafe „Kociarnia”. Objects of research are the employees of the cafe, and purpose is exploring the principles of animal participation in the team under the hypothesis that animals are workers of the cafe. The research checks in which way and to what extent are animals part of the team, what roles are they performing, what relationship is occurring between them and other teams members – both human and non-human (for example cats but also the place) – and how their membership is perceived by human coworkers. Getting to know cats as the group of workers is only possible by looking at them (with interviews) through the eyes of their human coworkers. The research discovers ways of cats participation in the work team and demonstrates the importance of creating the team along the (non-essentialistically understood) cats nature. There seem to be just one main rule of cats participation in the researched team: to be a cat and to feel good in cat cafe.
Published: 30 May 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 21-35; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.002.15868
Abstract:
Radical Inclusivity. Post-human Perspectives for Subjective Inclusion of Other-Than-Human Beings in Management Processes The subject of the article is the issue of subjective inclusion of other-than-human beings in management processes. Due to the association of participation with human cognitive tools in management theory, consequent exclusion of other-than-human beings occurs. The aim of the research is to find perspectives in the sources of post-humanist philosophy that make it possible to transcend the anthropocentric barriers. Based on a review of selected literature – Actor-Network Theory, Object-Oriented Ontology, Dark Ecology, and Kinship – the research shows that subjective inclusion of other-than-human beings in management processes is possible. It requires abandonment of the judgement of non-human agency measured by humanly perceived consciousness in favour of a vision of symbiotic co-creation. The article also derives the category of radical inclusivity as a process of changing the perception of the role of other-than-human beings within management, with a particular emphasis on the practice of inclusive management.
Published: 30 May 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 23, pp 55-73; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.22.004.15870
Abstract:
The Post-human Potential of a Polish Comic Book Fandom Comic books are an undeniable part of the modern culture, gaining more popularity every year. Reading comics influences the perception of communing with other products of culture, which results in the transformation of reading into new cultural practices. They may be the result of individual participation, however, the effectiveness of undertakings may often depend on the results of teamwork and collective participation practices. Initially, the grassroots movements of comic book enthusiasts are transformed with time into forms of structured activity. Such an organized community has the potential to implement the assumptions of critical post-humanism, according to which man is not hyper-causative and should participate with actors other than human. This work outlines the historical background of the comic book fandom, considers the idea of participation in culture, analyzes the initiatives taken with particular emphasis on socially engaged activities and content, characterizes the problems faced by the community and relates individual aspects of its functioning to critical post-humanism. The research methodology was based on the analysis of the literature on the subject, virtual ethnology and interviews. The obtained results showed the comic book community as a heterogeneous community that grew out of the need for change. This fandom is involved in initiatives related to diversity, ecology, emancipation and equality, at the same time trying to popularize the comic culture medium.
Published: 5 February 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 405-418; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.025.15226
Abstract:
Implementation of the Principles of Sustainable Development in the Practice of Polish Theaters The aim of the paper is to present how Polish theatres implement the principles of sustainable development in practice in their day-to-day operations. The background for the considerations involves the evolution of the approach to sustainable development observed from the perspective of international documents discussing this concept. The author’s own empirical research consisted of the preliminary survey of the information available on the websites and social media of selected Polish theatres and the questionnaire sent to the theatres in the first half of 2021. The research has made it possible to distinguish four main types of activities undertaken in this respect by the theatres: 1) the content of performances and other artistic endeavours; 2) the day-to-day functioning of the institution; 3) the theatre building and its surroundings, and 4) co-creation and participation in broader initiatives for sustainable development. The questionnaire results indicate that the dynamics of activities in this domain has nothing to do with the size of the urban area in which a given theatre operates, but it is more associated with the fact that the theatres align themselves with the environmental policy of their local governments, and with the possibility of obtaining funds for such initiatives. Furthermore, and perhaps above all, it depends on the theatre’s strategy determining how it operates in the local milieu. Building upgrades involve savings and help theatres build an image of an environmentally-friendly organisation.
Published: 5 February 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 455-475; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.028.15229
Abstract:
And What if Forest Green Rovers Go Green? An Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy by a Football Club Sport and sports organisations are often some of the most important aspects of local culture and identity. As in the case of cultural institutions, recent years have seen numerous interesting initiatives for sustainable development undertaken by athletes and sports clubs. The paper explores the implementation and social reception of the sustainable development strategy adopted in 2010 by the professional football club called Forest Green Rovers FC in Great Britain. Using the method of content analysis, the author attempts to analyse the critical reflection on the strategy presented in the national opinion-forming press and to show how the club’s environmentally-friendly actions are perceived by the community of its fans.
Published: 5 February 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 437-453; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.027.15228
Abstract:
Women, Ballet and Choreography. Unequal Situation of Female Choreographers in the Labor Market in Poland One of the key tasks of the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is to strengthen gender equality and the position of women around the world. Unfortunately, the artistic milieu is still far from reaching the goal set by the United Nations. When analysing the history and literature on ballet and looking at the contemporary repertoires of leading ensembles, it is easy to observe that women outnumber men, which, however, does not translate into the leading role of women in the sphere of management and creation in this artistic field (choreography). The paper is aimed at discussing the circumstances of women in the Polish labour market of choreographers in the context of the above-mentioned goal of sustainable development. The analysis is focused on the occupational situation of Polish female choreographers working in leading ballet ensembles and unravels the prevailing inequalities between women and men as well as the potential solutions to overcome them.
Published: 5 February 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 419-436; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.026.15227
Abstract:
Prestige. Cultural Dimension of Work in the Theater in Terms of Sustainable Development in Varmia and Masuria The aim of the text is to show the role of culture in sustainable development as a process in which the values, that define work, are transferred and consolidated. The example is the prestige of artistic work in the theatre in Varmia and Masuria region. The cultural function of work is expressed here in the values that determine the prestige of workplaces and professions. Prestige is a concept that specializes and prioritizes the perception of work. It means public respect which is expressed by at least two participants of communication. The theatre is the object of expressing prestige in the performance of work. The subject of the analysis are congratulatory diplomas given to a well known actress of the Olsztyn theatre from the 1940s to 1980. The topics analysed include the reasons for expressing prestige, ways of determining merit, phrases emphasizing prestige and its non-verbal forms. The prestige of the theatre institution and prestige of persons who work there is not directly a result of their professional activities but is determined by other, external factors. The ‘subordinate’, service and non-profit character of cultural institutions and their workers is emphasized. Moreover, the prestige is expressed in a specific cultural context of a region which suffered from significa
,
Marta Szaszkiewicz,
Joanna Ślaga
Published: 5 February 2022
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 385-404; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.024.15225
Abstract:
Museums, University Collections and the Concept of Sustainable Development The paper attempts to contribute to the debate on the possibility of using tangible and intangible traces of scientific and cultural activity of universities in the implementation of sustainable development tasks, especially of utilising the cultural capital of museums and academic collections for building an engaged academic community. These objectives become both a need and an obligation, next to sustainability and accountability in the field of research, heritage protection, and popularisation. The aim of the paper is to discuss how the principles of sustainable development in the area of culture can be linked to the cultural heritage of universities, and how to inscribe the implementation of these principles in the university’s activity.
Published: 1 September 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 323-341; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.021.14281
Abstract:
New venues of Cultural Institutions in Poland — the Perspective of Local Cultural Ecosystems Building new venues for cultural activity involves a shift in the balance of power in the entire system of relations in the local communities of authors and organisers. This is a matter of budget and, very often, also of cultural policy priorities. Furthermore, it entails a significant change in the long-term funding of cultural initiatives and cultural entities in each region. The phenomenon of the emergence of many new cultural facilities has inspired a few fundamental questions about their attitudes to selected values in the field of sustainable development goals, particularly in the social and economic dimensions, but ultimately also of the impact of new cultural venues on the natural environment. Are the new investments in culture opportunities, challenges, or perhaps threats resulting from the rescaled or disturbed balance in local cultural ecosystems? The theoretical perspective, which organises the debate on these areas, takes the cultural ecosystem as a key concept, using it as a basis for the description of phenomena in local urban communities. The observations presented are based on the qualitative and quantitative research conducted in eight cultural institutions in eight Polish cities. The results reveal the importance of between ten and twenty fundamental dimensions of the activity of cultural institutions and their local government organisers which allow them to put down their roots more deeply in the city’s cultural ecosystem. A new building opens completely new possibilities, but it is extremely important to tailor the institution to the real, sagaciously assessed, and well-balanced possibilities of the local ecosystem.
Published: 1 September 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 365-383; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.023.14283
Abstract:
Sustainable Film Production in Poland. The Origin and Prospects The 21st century has seen a growing awareness of the serious impact of film and television production on the natural environment. The film industry pollutes our environment in many ways, including carbon dioxide emissions, waste production, and energy and water consumption. The initiatives for sustainable development undertaken in many sectors of the economy have also reached the film industry. In Europe and the United States, various organisations and institutions have developed a number of recommendations in the field of sustainable film production. This paper, set in the film studies trend known as production culture, presents the global context as well as the nascent Polish practices of green filming. These initiatives, based on European examples, have so far been mainly bottom-up and dispersed or in the form of non-binding recommendations. The handful of producers and authors who have undertaken them are not in any way encouraged to be eco-friendly. Driven by their concern for the environment, however, they show the forward-looking way of thinking that should be followed by the entire industry.
Published: 1 September 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 343-363; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.022.14282
Abstract:
The Idea of Sustainable Fashion in Polish Post-Secondary Schools and Universities Offering Fashion Majors The article presents the results of research on the promotion of the sustainable fashion concept by Polish post-secondary and higher education institutions that offer fashion majors. The analysis included information on all institutions active in fashion design education in the 2019/2020 academic year and aimed to assess their involvement in education on sustainable fashion by examining the content of their official internet and social media sites. Universities and schools undertake diverse activities which may significantly contribute to the development of ecological awareness of future fashion designers and the general public. Factors that determine the practical possibilities of such schools to exert impact on attitudes to sustainable fashion include both their human resources and the presence of relevant supporting partners in the schools’ surroundings.
Published: 1 September 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 277-303; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.019.14279
Abstract:
Inspirations of Culture in Creating the Axiology of a New Development Paradigm A positive assessment of changes from the point of view of a specific axiological system is a constitutive attribute of the definition of development which determines the relativism or unconditional nature of the development category and its new paradigms. In creating this system, an inspiring – although not always unambiguous – role is or should be played by culture. Culture also plays such a role in creating the quality of life. The article presents the main channels of the axiological impulses of culture as a carrier and creator of value systems. The identification of these channels is the main goal of this work. It shows the process of extending the dimensions of the new development paradigm and the role of culture in this process. The final part of the article illustrates this issue with the example of public policies and organisational culture. Furthermore, the author identifies axiologically diverse choices relating to the basic attributes of this culture, which are illustrated in the approach of an organisation (an enterprise or a public institution) to the category of responsibility, fairness or trust, and management systems, including the style of personnel management in the context of the leadership empowered in the organisation.
,
Katarzyna Plebańczyk
Published: 1 September 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.018.14278
Published: 1 September 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 305-322; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.020.14280
Abstract:
Archaeological Heritage in the Context of Sustainable Development The concept of sustainable development is widely declared and used in contemporary scientific discourse. Sustainability also refers to cultural and archaeological heritage. What is an important element of the contemporary conservation doctrine is a departure from the idea of protection of archaeological heritage in favour of the rational management of such heritage, in accordance with the sustainable development rationale. It follows from the premise that, on the one hand, heritage is a subject of protection, but, on the other hand, it constitutes potential that should be adapted to new conditions and used for cultural, social, and economic development. With the above-mentioned concept as a starting point, the paper is aimed at analysing the role that archaeological heritage resources can play in the context of sustainable development. As an example of good practices implementing the idea of sustainable development based on archaeological resources, I take and discuss archaeological tourism, because it aims to promote public interest in archaeology and the protection of archaeological sites.
Published: 1 January 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 237-254; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.015.13769
Abstract:
COVID-19 vs Art. Economic, Financial, and Legal Consequences of the Pandemic Based on the Case Study of the Philharmonic Orchestra of Lodz Since March 2020, cultural institutions have become a field of social, economic, and legal experiment in terms of content, management strategies, and ways to implement a new work model. The governmental regulations have put the flexibility and strength of so-far firm public sector structures, with its resources and finances, to the test. The wide scale of positive and negative consequences of the limited operations of cultural institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic shows well the complexity of managing change during uncertain times. The change has also become synonymous with moving activities to the Internet, which often is an ad hoc and last-resort measure. The scope of dilemmas and adaptations introduced in the economic and financial repertoire as well as the legal department of the Philharmonic Orchestra of Lodz may constitute an interesting case study of a cultural institution operating in an existing and much disintegrated economic and financial ecosystem. The aim of the work is to analyse the situation in the Philharmonic Orchestra of Lodz divided into three dimensions: legal, financial, and accounting. Each of them have generated new problem areas. The material for the study consists of interviews with the Philharmonic’s heads of departments (interview disposition). In the interviews, both detrimental and valuable effects of the pandemic are presented, and a new approach to the problems described.
Published: 1 January 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 181-196; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.012.13766
Abstract:
Activities of Culture Animators during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Reflections of People Implementing Projects on the Internet The paper deals with the topic of culture organisation/coordination during the COVID-19 pandemic. The proposed perspective is related to the recognition of the activities of cultural animators and presents the individual experiences of people involved in project implementation. The text presents the results of an empirical study based on interviews with culture animators. The topics discussed include: ways of adapting to the situation, challenges and barriers to implementing projects on-line, forecasting the use of new tools and acquired skills in the future, building a physical and mental work space, acquiring new competences, personal reflections about oneself, and, finally, relationships with recipients and in work environments.
Published: 1 January 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 159-179; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.011.13765
Abstract:
Amidst Pictures, Algorithms, and Methodological Reflections. Culture in Paris in Times of the Epidemic Paris is a city filled with art and home to some of the world’s most famous institutions offering unique cultural events, including exhibitions of priceless works of art and ephemeral performative phenomena such as performances and concerts. Due to the closure of cultural institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic, the situation has completely changed. The city is deserted, while cultural institutions are focused on using the Internet to run their affairs and forge/maintain relationships with the audience without the possibility of meeting them face-to-face. Based on the author’s own research conducted in Paris in December 2020, the paper presents the analysis of public space in terms of the presence of traces of culture. For this purpose, a flexible methodological approach was designed, covering both the city space and the Internet, also understood as part of the public domain. Additionally, the author’s own research experience is taken into account, depending on the epidemiological situation and the ability to move around the city. The factors discussed in the paper have provoked a multifaceted reflection – starting from the privileges of researchers, through the sense of online culture, and ending with the future of cultural institutions. The aim of the paper is to document the situation of cultural institutions in Paris during the pandemic, with an emphasis on their presence, visibility, and accessibility in the city and the Internet.
Published: 1 January 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 197-216; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.013.13767
Abstract:
Implementation of Scrum Elements in a Cultural Institution Since March 2020, managers of cultural institutions have had to dynamically adapt their methodologies for teamwork, project management, and ongoing institutional tasks to the COVID-19 restrictions and guidelines handed down by public authorities. Following the initial downtime in the spring season and the reopening in June 2020, the Pod Atlantami Municipal Library in Wałbrzych took vigorous measures to adapt its cultural project management to the new conditions, drawing on the experience of the broadly understood business sector. These measures included the implementation of certain elements of Scrum as an agile framework for project management. The goal of the paper is to showcase the pilot implementation of Scrum elements in project management in the selected cultural institution. The analysis relied on structured questionnaires and open questions, visualisation meetings, and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis showed the applicability of backlog management, iterative planning, and iterative task execution to projects pursued by cultural institutions, along with potential for winning the employees’ approval. However, a properly executed implementation is necessary, in which regard this paper offers a set of recommendations arising from the analysis.
Published: 1 January 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 99-118; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.008.13762
Abstract:
Experiencing Generosity: An Autoethnographic Sketch from the Process of Coordinating the Research on Theatrical Life in the Pandemic The publication is the result of the autoethnographic research covering a year-long process of coordinating the implementation of seven sociological studies on theatrical life in the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 by two theatre pedagogists – a manager and an employee of the Department of Theatre Pedagogy of the Zbigniew Raszewski Theatre Institute. The authors try to answer the following research question: What does the autoethnographic analysis of the experience of people responsible for project management bring to the cultural sector, and how? Thus, they attempt to strengthen the project management discourse with the perspective of those whose work is not visible. As a result of the analyses, they have identified and described two subconscious coordination strategies: playing the speed game and playing the sense game. In order to draw the attention of cultural workers to the influence of private life on professional life and to the value of support received from a co-worker, the authors introduce the details of the experience by describing collaboration in a duet. The answer to the research question is enriched with the reflection that the project coordination methodology adopted by the authors has its source in the values of theatre pedagogy. The text is divided into four parts. The first one is a description of the method of autoethnography. The second one presents the dynamics of actions in a changing reality of pandemic. The third one is focused on cooperation in a duet. Finally, the fourth one presents the authors’ conversation summarising their autoethnographic analyses and showing the influence of the authors’ roots in the theatre pedagogy on the project management.
Published: 1 January 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 255-272; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.016.13770
Abstract:
Culture During a Pandemic – Managing the Organisational Resources Necessary to Adopt the New Formula of the Festival The aim of the article is to study how organizers of three Krakow festivals managed to adapt the new formula of the event – an online festival due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The research identifies the way of managing the organizational resources and discusses adopted tactics, changes in the use of resources, and supplementing their deficits. The results indicate the key importance of human resources and shortage in technical skills. The action taken by the organizers has been evaluated.
Published: 1 January 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 119-139; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.009.13763
Abstract:
The Culture Support Fund – COVID-19 Compensation or a Strategic Intervention? The aim of the paper is to discuss the Cultural Support Fund (CSF) as an example of a reactive financing scheme. In order to understand the implemented compensation mechanism for entities operating in the creative sector, a broader context is also explored, which, on the one hand, shows the general message of the Fund, and on the other hand, the lack of efficient management of the CSF. The research is based on the analysis of the existing data outlining the operation of private enterprises in the creative sector, with the emphasis on the performing arts backstage industry. The drama of the situation is accentuated in the individual in-depth interviews with four beneficiaries of the Culture Support Fund, which presents the perspective of the CSF recipients. In order to stress the multidimensionality of the CSF structure, the conclusions are built according to the three dimensions of the analysis: procedural, substantive, and contextual.
Published: 1 January 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 141-157; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.010.13764
Abstract:
Omni-work and Overproduction in Culture. Pandemic-induced Reflections as by-products of the Scientific Explorations in the Poznan Cultural Milieu Bartek Lis and Jakub Walczyk discuss the phenomenon of omni-work and overproduction in the field of culture, taking into account the changes brought about by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Omni-work, i.e. being constantly at work and involved in many parallel initiatives using mobile media, is a phenomenon common to various types of activity. On the other hand, overproduction in culture involves preparation of events, implementation of activities, and creation of programmes to an outsized extent. Although both concepts have existed for a long time, they have particularly intensified during the pandemic and acquired new, clear exemplifications. The authors explore them in a section affecting individuals and groups engaged in organisational, curatorial, artistic, and social activities in the area of culture. It is the specific nature of employment typical for culture professionals that particularly often evokes the terms discussed in this work. Among other things, by drawing on the analysis of identified data, the authors describe the notions of omni-work and overproduction and the context in which the new ‘pandemic’ reality affects the specificity of the field, reinforcing and exacerbating the long-standing problems, divisions, and disparities.
Published: 1 January 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 273-276; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.017.13771
Published: 1 January 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 217-235; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.014.13768
Abstract:
Project Management in a Projectified Pandemic Reality – the Autoethnography of the Project Michał Wójciak – Open Studio The main aim of the paper is to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the project management process and on projectification. Two research questions are posed: How does the COVID-19 pandemic affect the project management process and projectification? and What are the implications of projectification for the individuals? For this purpose, the author uses autoethnography, which is a research method based on the researcher’s personal experience. The subject of the study covered the project of an open fashion design studio launched as part of the Creative Scholarships of the City of Cracow 2020 in the period from July to December 2020. On the one hand, the pandemic was an impediment to the project, which is why it was necessary to adjust the planned activities to the imposed restrictions; on the other hand, the pandemic inspired certain project events, i.e. organisation of the masquerade ball.
Published: 1 January 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 69-82; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.006.13634
Abstract:
From a Public Institution to a Non-Governmental Organization. Changes in the Management of an Artistic Team on the Example of the Polish Radio Choir The article presents the process of organizational and financial changes taking place in the Polish Radio Choir since 2012. The author is looking for an answer to the following question: can the Polish system of public support for culture accommodate regular activities of an artistic team as part of an NGO? For the purposes of the article, a SWOT analysis has been carried out among the current staff of the team, which has made it possible to understand the effects of the changes. The outcome of the analysis (along with the author’s commentary) is presented in the summary of the article. Słowa kluczowe: culture management, NGO, non-governmental organization, Polish Radio Choir, cultural policy, financing of culture, cultural institution, organizational change, artistic team, zarządzanie kulturą, organizacja pozarządowa, Chór Polskiego Radia, polityka kulturalna, finansowanie kultury, instytucja kultury, zmiana organizacyjna, zespół artystyczny
Published: 1 January 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 83-97; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.007.13635
Abstract:
Leadership in an Artistic Institution during a Pandemic. Case Study of the Musical Theater in Poznań The article deals with the topic of leadership in a public cultural institution – a musical theater. The pandemic has highlighted the weakness or strength of such organizations, their passivity or proactivity. The strength of an institution lies in a team built by a reliable leader. The point of reference for the author are the leadership concepts formulated by prominent experts in management, such as Ken Blanchard or Jim Collins. A good leader creates a space for good communication, which then gives rise to an organizational culture that fosters creativity and shared responsibility. The article contains a summary of the research on organizational culture in the selected theater carried out using the Cameron and Quinn method and discusses the impact of their implementation on the development of the organization. Public cultural institutions can benefit greatly from business achievements in this area.
Kamila Lewandowska,
Published: 1 January 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.001.13629
Published: 1 January 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 41-67; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.005.13633
Abstract:
Implementation of Project Management Tools to the Exhibition Organization Process. Case Study of the National Museum in Krakow (2016–2019) How to thoroughly improve the process of organizing exhibitions in a cultural institution? Is project management in a museum possible? How to implement new tools? What to do after initiating a change? This article provides answers to these questions through a case study prepared by the Head of the Exhibition Organization Department and the Head of the Coordinators Section of the National Museum in Krakow, directly responsible for the exhibition organization process. The article describes the events from 2016 to 2019. This includes an audit of the existing process of exhibition organization, implementation of corrective measures, introduction of new tools, their updating and verification, taking into account such solutions as treating the exhibition as a project, PRINCE2 and Scrum methods, a detailed description of the process, and creating standardized templates of project documents, i.e. a list of objects, project charter, project schedule, partial schedule, project budget, evaluation. These activities resulted in the improvement of team cooperation, the elimination of avoidable delays, the automation and acceleration of the process of preparing project documentation, making the obligations of individual team members public, submitting project data to the stakeholders of a given project on an ongoing basis, reducing the amount of manual work, and reducing the cost of the implementation of individual projects.
Published: 1 January 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 27-39; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.004.13632
Abstract:
Challenges of the Cultural Sector in Poland after 1989 and the Accompanying Popularization of the Idea of Audience Development Through the last three decades, cultural workers have developed a growing belief in the importance of the so called ‘participative turn.’ The aim of the article is to scrutinize the changes accompanying the culture sector in Poland after 1989 and to identify the challenges which constitute what one could call a ‘fertile ground’ for the popularization of the idea of Audience Development. The concept in question refers to a strategic and holistic approach to the issue of building relations between cultural organizations and their audiences. The article is based on literature studies. The presented analysis focuses mostly on organisations and cultural policies in larger cities in Poland.
Published: 1 January 2021
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 22, pp 15-25; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.003.13631
Abstract:
Cost Accounting of Cultural Institutions in Literature Research The article deals with selected issues associated with cost accounting of cultural institutions in view of literature research. The authors describe and analyse available national monographs as well as scientific and specialist articles. In principle, the analysis reveals a poor state of research on the issues related to the cost of cultural institutions. The deficiencies in literature, combined with the necessity to propose scientific and practical solutions to meet the management needs of cultural institutions, makes it necessary to expand the study of cost accounting in such entities. The aim of the article is to assess the existing acquis in the area of cost accounting in cultural institutions as well as to provide a starting point for discussing the issues associated with the subject.
Published: 1 January 2020
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 21; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.20.031.13485
Published: 1 January 2020
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 21, pp 361-374; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.20.028.13046
Abstract:
Digital Shadow – “Shady” Elements of Internet Fandoms Contemporary socio-economic changes affect organizations and management. Management processes more and more often concern spheres and groups that go beyond the “traditional”understanding of the organization. Among them are online communities such as fandoms. Along with the process of organizing, the organizational shadow is emerging. Organizational shadow is defined as “a set of unacceptable features, tendencies, aspirations rejected in the process of socialization” (Kostera 2014, s. 23), the appearance and functioning of which is negated or hidden within the organization. Fandoms are governed by slightly different rules, often more variable and more difficult to identify than in formal organizations. That does not make them free from “shady”elements such as certain people, activities, features and values that do not match the current shape of the community. The article describes fandoms as new, informal organizational forms and subjects of management processes, and then identifies examples of the emergence of organizational shadow within them. These are three main causes of such a shadow manifestation –excessive control (e.g., of the forum moderator), undisclosed actions of administrators of the internet platform used by the group, as well as negligence (e.g., forgetting someone’s contribution to the project). The conclusions indicate the need for a further, in-depth identification of the elements influencing the development of the shadow in non-standard organizational forms.
Published: 1 January 2020
Journal: Zarządzanie W Kulturze
Zarządzanie W Kulturze, Volume 21, pp 305-324; https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.20.025.13043
Abstract:
Pride in Science This article is dedicated to the category of pride, which I treat much more widely than a trait of an individual. In my article, I try to determine how specific representations of pride in the scientific community are manifested, what they result from, but I also explain what types of pride can be distinguished in science and what consequences it has for the entire scholarship.