The effective leadership is very important for the public sector functioning. The effectiveness of the leadership process is influenced by many factors. One of them relates to the behaviour of leaders and managers. The leadership grid is a practical model for training managers, supervisors, and leaders. This model has a particular importance from the aspect of increasing productivity and commitment to the work of employees. To apply the model, it is necessary to identify the behavioural orientation of the leader or manager. Empirical research was conducted in July 2021, within the organizational units of the Human Resources Sector of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Republic of Serbia using an anonymous survey questionnaire on a sample of 50 respondents. Descriptive statistical indicators were applied in hypothesis testing. The research findings indicate that employees believe that direct managers are more focused on the implementation of tasks. Based on the "leadership grid" model, the leadership style- Compromise Management is represented. Furthermore, the results of this research can contribute to the development of professional capacities to make the processes more effective and improve the work of the public sector.

The status of gender diversity in corporate governance (i.e., women's right to be part of corporate bodies) is a very important issue worldwide, including in Serbia. The paper examines women's rights from a historical perspective to address the problem of their social under-representation, especially when it comes to their social role outside the family. Additionally, we investigate the EU and Serbian legal framework for encouraging women's participation on corporate boards, including their status in the Serbian banking and insurance industry. Retrospection, compilation, deduction and induction methods were used in the paper. An in-depth analysis shows that women constitute at least one-third of the membership (at least in one executive board), in the majority of Serbian banks and insurance companies. We notice that the Serbian Gender Equality Act does not encourage greater women’s participation in corporate boards. Thus, there is a need for immediate legal action to mandate women's representation on corporate boards, and to require additional explanation if this legal provision is violated. The traditional understanding of the position of women in society has remained unchanged, but it is noticeable that the accessibility of corporate management to women is improving, although perhaps not enough and equally in all countries and industries.

Human trafficking is not a sporadic phenomenon that has consequences for a limited number of people, but a phenomenon with deep social and economic implications, bearing in mind the tendency to benefit from globalization and the use of new technologies. It is spread on every continent and every region of the world with the intention of permanent growth. Although it affects all ages and both sexes, it is dominant about women and girls as victims of human trafficking for sexual exploitation. The forms of exploitation are diverse and all involve the violent exploitation and abuse of human beings and their rights. The causes of this phenomenon are numerous and complex because our everyday life is full of numerous contradictions, conditioned by our existence in a specific global crisis of morality. One of the side effects of this crisis is the ubiquitous alienation of man from man. Therefore, this paper focuses on the importance of profiling human traffickers, their characteristics and modus operandi in the process of recruitment, and the mechanisms they use to control victims. It is one of the ways of reacting to make human trafficking more visible, as part of preventive programs before the belated manifestation. Methods were applied: quantitative and qualitative content analysis, comparative analysis (reaction to human trafficking), and descriptive and analytical statistics. The creative goal is to recognize human trafficking as a crime against humanity that requires an effective response from society.

The year 2022 was marked by anonymous reports of bombings in schools and other important institutions across Serbia, spread via computers. These events have triggered a public debate on whether the authorities responsible for combating cybercrime can adequately respond to such attacks. As the number of internet users increases, so does the number of potential victims of cybercrime and the obligation of states to protect citizens. Recent events have shown the vulnerability of society to high-tech crime and the risks it poses. The paper analyses the normative and institutional framework for combating cybercrime and data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs on cybercrime. The paper aims to suggest possible changes, based on the analysis of existing cybercrime legislation and the analysis of the institutional framework here and in some European countries, to ensure more effective protection against cybercrime. The paper uses both a normative and a comparative method to present the measures taken in other countries. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data collected. The conclusion is that despite a good normative framework, the fight against cybercrime is not adequate, mainly because of the far too small number of staff in special departments and sections of the prosecutor's office and the police compared to the number of crimes, which is increasing year by year. The danger is also that many people are not educated about the dangers of using the internet. Therefore, more attention should be paid shortly to educating citizens of all ages about the dangers and the types of cybercrime.

Modern society is affected by the problem of drug addiction and drug crime on a global and national level, and the damaging consequences of drug abuse are extremely serious and widespread. The fact that minors are more often than before in the role of perpetrators of criminal acts related to narcotic drugs contributes to the additional seriousness of the overall situation. As the trend of drug crime among young people in the last few years indicates growing of this phenomenon in our society, the focus of our work will be determining the importance of certain factors on the perception of young people about drug crime. In order to achieve this task, we conducted a survey among high school students whose goal was to examine the influence of family environment and school environment factors, and also influence of certain media content on their perception of drug crime. A hundred students participated in this research. The research results show that the socio-demographic characteristics of young people do not have a significant impact on their perception of drug crime. The school environment, on the other hand, has a more dominant influence, due to the existence of convenient places for buying and selling drugs in close proximity to school, as well as the presence of people who "deal" drugs. In addition, minors are strongly influenced by their peers who previously had some experiences with the abuse of narcotic drugs. The research results indicate a high level of liking media content about drug crime among young people, but also an insufficiently developed awareness among them about the impact that such content has on them.

The development of modern societies is based on the latest concepts of the knowledge economy and knowledge society, which implies sectoral and disciplinary connection and integration of all available knowledge of a society and putting it into the function of achieving social goals (development). The purpose of this paper is to look at the scope of this concept in the world and make a comparison with the degree of knowledge application and integration of science in Serbia, with a focus on social sciences. Accordingly, an overview of general global trends and challenges in the field of social sciences, education, and the application of knowledge is given first. After that, examples of good practice and one case study (Social Science Research Park in Great Britain) are presented. Then the state of social sciences (and their practical application) in the Republic of Serbia was analysed. It was observed that there is a solid institutional framework for the development and networking of knowledge, but also that there are open questions and problems that need to be worked on in the future. In the final part of the work, potential solutions were offered for the identified challenges that could contribute to mitigating the observed problems and more effectively achieving the set goals.

In this paper, I examine how public policies in the domain of digital transformation and e-government contributed to socio-economic cohesion in the European Union (EU) and its member states, taking into account DESI measurement indicators and benchmarks of e-Government in that period. from 2016 to 2021. By using data analysis and document content analysis methods, we learn that the process of digitization of the EU single market and public services of the governments of the member states has affected the economic productivity and resilience of the economies of the member states, which reduces economic differences and promotes social development. The conclusion is drawn from this that digital public policies and e-government have deeply influenced the processes of economic sector integration and thus improved the state of socio-economic cohesion in the European Union and its member states.

By detention, in the pre-investigation procedure, one person is deprived of his liberty, which results in limited freedom of movement of that person, with the simultaneous establishment of other restrictions on the detained person. An arrested person, as well as a suspect, can be detained. These persons are detained on the basis of a decision on detention, which is announced, made and served by the public prosecutor, or upon his approval by the police. According to this decision, the detention of a person can last for a maximum of 48 hours. Bearing in mind that this formal act restricts the detained person's proclaimed right to freedom for the purpose of unhindered conduct of criminal proceedings, while freedom of movement is one of the basic human rights in a democratic society, this clearly shows the importance of the legal treatment of the authorities in the pre-investigation procedure towards the detained person, as and the legality of the detention decision itself. In order for the detention of a person to be justified, it must be legal in both material and procedural terms. Otherwise, there would be a legal basis for the detained person to claim damages, due to the arbitrary detention made against him by the authorities. This article points out the formal-legal determinations of the decision on detention, and the rights of adult persons who have been detained for a hearing, with the aim of pointing out some perceived shortcomings after conducting research and analyzing data from the decision on detention and proposing some legal improvements. Keywords: detention, police, public prosecutor, arrested person, suspect.

Ljudska istorija je tesno povezana sa eskalacijama nasilja. Iako svaka generacija očekuje da napredak ljudske vrste na svim poljima donese i svet o globalnom miru, nasilje postaje sve raznovrsnije i brzo napreduje i po pitanju broja ljudi koja učestvuje u akcijama kolektivnog nasilja i po načinu na koji se ta agresija ispoljava. Mišljenja smo međutim da su ovi akti nasilja većinom uzrokovani ili potrebom za novom međublokovskom podelom ili za zadržavanjem hegmonije, a sa druge strane kao reakcija pojedinca ili grupe u borbi protiv nejednakosti i nepravde. Takođe je korisno prepoznati da ono što ljudi vide kao nasilje ima tendenciju da bude kulturno ugroženo. Razdvajanje države i crkve je religiji dalo novu dimenziju u pogledu upliva u državnu politiku, ali i model političkim entitetima za sakralizaciju svoje moći, kao čvrstog temelja za izgradnju totalitarnih režima, koji se održavaju kolektivnim nasiljem. Nasilje po pravilu rađa novo nasilje, bilo da je reč o odgovoru ili ispunjavanju ambicija za širenjem moći. Kolektivno nasilje može biti podstaknuto političkim, religijskim ili drugim društvenim nasiljem. Razumevanje okolnosti u kojima se nasilje rađa i razvija, može smanjiti verovatnoću njegove primene, posebno kolektivnog nasilja. S tim u vezi, naš cilj u ovom radu je bio da primenom metoda kompilacije i analize sadržaja, izdvojimo glavne uzroke kolektivnog nasilja, što nas je dovelo do zaključka da se njihovom pravovremenom identifikacijom i razumevanjem može smanjiti verovatnoća njegove primene u obimu i sa intenzitetom koji bi proizveli najteže posledice.

Nasilјe i agresija su pojmovi koji se često koriste u literaturi za označavanje različitih oblika lјudskog ponašanja i predstavlјaju destruktivne obrasce ponašanja kojima se nanosi šteta pojedincu i društvu. Naučno razumevanje i objašnjenje nasilјa jedan je od osnovnih naučnih zadataka kojem se mora posvetiti posebna pažnja. Iako se može smatrati da je nasilјe precizan termin, u stvarnosti predstavlјa spektar heterogenih oblika ponašanja koji mogu biti fizički i emocionalni sa različitom refleksijom na odnos žrtve i počinioca u specifičnim životnim situacijama. Cilј ovog rada je da pregledom naučne literature i analizom sadržaja različitih definicija nasilјa i agresije, uz primenu komparativnog metoda, ukažemo na specifičnosti interpersonalnog nasilja i njegove različite manifestacije. Posebna pažnja je posvećena podeli i kategorizaciji nasilјa i posledicama koje ono ima na pojedinca i njegovu mikro i makro socijalnu sredinu. Jedan deo rada posvećen je nasilјu u porodici kao zasebnom sociološkom, zdravstvenom i kriminološkom problemu i njegovim negativnim implikacija koje ima na žene, decu i stare. Takođe je ukazano na problem nasilјa u LGBT partnerskim zajednicama o čemu kod nas gotovo da nema naučnih podataka i istraživanja.

U ovom radu diskutujemo uticaj najnovijih tehnologija, prvenstveno veštačke inteligencije (AI) na šire društveno i prirodno okruženje, kao i na individualne živote ljudi u sve većem rasponu konteksta. Govorimo o AI kao kompleksnim ekosistemima napravljenim od prirodnih resursa, energije, infrastrukture, ljudskog rada, logistike, istorije, podataka i mnoštva klasifikacija. Uprkos tome što za sada AI nije ni veštačka a ni toliko inteligentna kao što se to predstavlja široj javnosti, postoji jaka težnja za njenom univerzalizacijom i apsolutizacijom. U ovom radu posebno smo diskutovali mogućnost primene AI u svrhu prepoznavanja emocija i nasilničkog mentaliteta u cilju prevencije nasilničkog ponašanja. To je zahtevalo analizu prakse prikupljanja podataka i njihovog klasifikovanja u fiksne kategorije kako bi se postigli “pouzdani” izlazi pretrage za različite potrebe. Profil nasilničke ličnosti je određen kako socijalno-relacionim tako i biološko-psihološkim karakteristikama, što predstavlja veliki broj varijabli koje treba uzeti u obzir prilikom konstruisanja algoritma za prepoznavanje emocija i nasilničke ličnosti. Naš zaključak je da sa trenutnim stepenom razvoja AI i veoma svedenim i diskretnim algoritmima nije moguće uzeti u obzir toliko podataka da bi se dobio pouzdan izlaz za predviđanje ponašanja kao i preduzimanje eventualnih mera, a da nisu diskriminatorne i opasne po pojedince i društvo u celini. Ali s obzirom na neverovatno brz tehnološki razvoj, naročito u oblasti kvantnog računarstva, pred ovom oblasti stoji veoma dinamična budućnost.

Poslednjih decenija naučna i stručna javnost intenzivno se bavi fenomenom femicida koji predstavlja najteži vid rodno zasnovanog nasilja. U aktuelnom trenutku nesporno je da države imaju niz kompleksnih obaveza kojima moraju adekvatno odgovoriti kada je u pitanju zaštita života žena. Tako se prirodno postavlja pitanje koji i kakav oblik krivičnopravne reakcije iziskuje rodno motivisano ubistvo žene, te da li je potrebno uvođenje posebne inkriminacije koja bi se odnosila isključivo na femicid. Imajući u vidu navedeno, rad je koncipiran tako da nakon opštih razmatranja o pojmu i prirodi femicida se analizira pozitivnopravni okvir koji se odnosi na ubistvo žena u Srbiji. Osvrćući se na praksu Evropskog suda za ljudska prava u predmetima koji se odnose na propuste država u domenu garantovanja prava na život, autor zaključuje da se adekvatna zaštita u načelu može ostvariti i unutar pravnog poretka koji ne inkriminiše ubistvo žene kao posebno krivično delo, ali samo ukoliko u datom sistemu istovremeno postoji celovit i delotvoran mehanizam za preveniranje i sankcionisanje rodno zasnovanog nasilja i diskriminatornog tretiranja žena. Primenjen je normativno-dogmatski metod uz analitičko-sintetički pristup, dok je cilj rada da se formulišu preporuke za unapređenje legislativnog okvira i postupanja u praksi.

Nasilje je kompleksan društveni fenomen koji uključuje širok spektar pojavnih oblika. Ovaj fenomen, svakodnevno utiče na živote miliona ljudi širom planete i prouzrokuje narušavanja njihovog fizičkog i psihičkog zdravlja, a njegove najteže forme neretko dovode do gubitka ljudskih života. Ovaj rad imao je za cilj da ukaže na važnost profilisanja nasilnika u kontekstu ranih znakova za detekciju asocijalnih ponašanja i preventivnog delovanja još u adolescentskoj dobi. To je zapravo novi način reakcije da se nasilјe učini vidlјivim, pre nego što se desi i da se ospore zastareli pristupi interventnih programa nakon njegove manifestacije. Primenjene su metode: kvantitativne i kvalitativne analize sadržaja, komparativne analize (reakcija na nasilje) i deskriptivne i analitičke statistike. Sadržaj je osmišljen da se bolјe razume uticaj hronične izloženosti, posebno dece i žena nasilјu u društvenom okruženju. Sveobuhvatni cilј je da se identifikuju fleksibilni faktori rizika, a ujedno i zaštitni faktori, koji mogu biti planirani u preventivnim i interventnim strategijama, u težnji ka delotvornom odgovoru zajednice.

Nasilnički kriminalitet predstavlja jedan od najstarijih oblika kriminaliteta, te je praktično oduvek prisutan u društvu. Kada se sagledaju svi oblici ispoljavanja kriminaliteta, nasilnički kriminalitet izaziva najsnažniju reakciju i najoštriju osudu društva, jer se njime ugrožavaju, kako život čoveka kao najznačajnija ljudska i društvena vrednost, tako i imovina ili druge vrednosti i dobra žrtve ili društva. U savremenom društvu, on je prisutan svuda oko nas, u porodici, školi, na poslu, ulici, utakmicama i raznim drugim manifestacijama. Napretkom društva, on danas sve više postaje naša nezaobilazna društvena svakodnevnica. U odnosu na ostale oblike oblike kriminaliteta, ovde do izražaja dolazi značajnija sklonost nasilnika ka iživljavanju, kao i njegova drskost i bezobzirnost prilikom prinuđavanja drugog da trpi takvo ponašanje. Posledice nasilničkog kriminaliteta mogu biti izuzetno destruktivne i reflektuju se na pojedinca u vidu psihičkih, socijalnih i seksualnih problema, ali i na njegovo bliže okruženje i društvo u celini kroz narušavanje kvaliteta života. Upravo zbog toga suzbijanje nasilničkog kriminaliteta predstavlja jedan od primarnih zadataka svake države, a preduslov za realizovanje ovog zadatka jeste razumevanje njegovog etiološkog aspekta kako bi se kreirale efikasne mere prevencije. Cilj rada jeste da se kroz analizu i sistematizovanje saznanja u pogledu uzroka nasilničkog kriminaliteta ukaže i na destruktivnost posledica koje proističu iz ovog pojavnog oblika kriminaliteta, te na značaj kreiranja preventivnih mera koje polaze upravo od ovih faktora, ne gubeći iz vida ni posledice koje je takođe potrebno preduprediti.

Nasilje u porodici kao akt iskazivanja moći i kontrole nad žrtvom unutar same porodice, poslednjih godina poprima osobine modela ponašanja, te kao takav predstavlja više nego aktuelan predmet doktrinarne analize, ali istovremeno i ponašanje za čije je suzbijanje naročito zainteresovana i sama praksa. Uopšte uzev, nasilje u porodici kao savremeni društveni fenomen poprimilo je mnogo značajnije razmere u društvenim okvirima i probudilo daleko značajniju pažnju javnosti u odnosu na druga krivična dela protiv braka i porodice. Kada je reč o Srbiji, postoji izrazita potreba za prevencijom porodičnog nasilja. Problem je, naime, veoma rasprostranjen i duboko ukorenjen u tradiciji društva, tako da je prevashodno potrebno stabilizovati i izgraditi društvo na novim vrednostima nenasilja. Imajući u vidu temu, rad se bavi pitanjima – šta je nasilje u porodici, ko je žrtva, a ko učinilac krivičnog dela nasilja u porodici, koja je svrha Zakona o sprečavanju nasilja u porodici i drugih aktuelnih zakonskih rešenja, s ciljem identifikovanja raspoloživih mera zaštite i procedura za obezbeđivanje njihovog sprovođenja.

Nasilje je u prirodi, pa samim tim i u ljudskom rodu, jedan od osnovnih načina ostvarivanja ciljeva i pokazivanja nadmoći. Ono što ljude odvaja od životinja je uređeni društveni sistem u kome žive i koji razvijaju, i čija je jedna od osnovnih funkcija da zaštiti svakog člana društva od, generalno rečeno, zla koje je imanentno ljudskoj prirodi. Stepen civilizacijskog razvoja se može meriti i stepenom zaštićenosti svakog pojedinca od nasilja onog ko je jači, i u stepenu distribucije pravde za sve. Stoga, ukoliko posmatramo savremeno društvo, kao i njegove prethodne iteracije, možemo da zaključimo da uprkos određenim pomacima, ljudska civilizacija još nije dostigla zadovoljavajući nivo. Tehnološki razvoj je doneo brojne promene, i uz sve što je dobro i što je izmenilo način na koji se odvija život na Zemlji, taj razvoj je istovremeno delovao kao katalizator za problem koji postoji bezmalo koliko i ljudska civilizacija, a to je nasilje nad ženama, koje je u digitalno doba dobilo novu formu koju zovemo digitalno nasilje. Cilj ovog rada je da istraži odrednice, stanje, rasprostranjenost i forme digitalnog nasilja nad ženama, sa osnovnom hipotezom da je rodna neravnopravnost, duboko ukorenjena u ljudske odnose kroz čitavu istoriju i prisutna u skoro svakom aspektu ljudskog života i aktivnosti, glavni uzročnik disproporcije u rodnoj distribuciji žrtava digitalnog nasilja.

Svaki akt nasilja nosi u sebi određeni destruktivni potencijal čiji efekat zavisi, kako od samog oblika njegovog ispoljavanja tako i od „osetljivosti mete“ na koju je usmeren. Ovakvi akti predstavljaju različite oblike socijalne destrukcije gde, svakako, posebno mesto zauzima vršnjačko nasilje. Ta posebnost ogleda se u osetljivosti populacije koja je učesnik takvog oblika nasilja. Radi se, najčešće, o školskoj populaciji, mladim osobama koje su u najznačajnijem razdoblju svog fizičkog, emocionalnog, intelektualnog i kulturnog razvoja. Zbog toga, vršnjačko nasilje može presudno uticati na njihov ukupan razvoj, bez obzira da li oni u njemu učestvuju kao nasilnici ili su žrtve takvog nasilja. Cilj rada jeste da se ukaže na problem vršnjačkog nasilja, težinu identifikovanja različitih pojavnih oblika kao i na ozbiljnost posledica koje vršnjačko nasilje može imati kako na žrtvu tako i na samog nasilnika. Analizom različitih sadržaja, čiji je predmet istraživanja vršnjačko nasilje, uz korišćenje metoda indukcije i dedukcije nastojim da identifikujem one elemente vršnjačkog nasilja na koje bi se, adekvatnom društvenom reakcijom, odlučujuće uticalo na smanjenje njegovog destruktivnog karaktera. U radu se naglašava neophodnost terminološkog razgraničenja pojedinih pojmova koji se, kao sinonimi, koriste za definisanje nasilja. Ukazuje se na fenomen vršnjačkog nasilja, njegove vrste i faktore rizika koji ga opredeljuju. Naročito se naglašava uloga društva u prevenciji vršnjačkog nasilja, te neophodnost postojanja različitih mehanizama za prepoznavanje, ali i sprečavanje njegovog negativnog dejstva. Posebno se ukazuje da rešenost društva da se suoči sa vršnjačkim nasiljem, predstavlja osnovni preduslov za njegovo suzbijanje.

Kao pojava izuzetno drugog trajanja, nasilje ima veliku važnost ne samo u ljudskoj evoluciji i istoriji, već i u savremenom delovanju. Cilj ovog preglednog rada jeste da se, na osnovu literature, prikažu kako uzroci, tako i manifestacije nasilja u društvenom kontekstu. U prvom delu posebna pažnja posvećena je definisanju pojma nasilje, a potom je predstavljena i njegova tipologija. Već u definisanju postoje problemi budući da pojedini autori ističu fizički karatker, dok drugi veruju da pored fizičke sile postoje i emocionalni i duhovni činioci nasilja. Nasilje ima višestruke uzroke. Sa jedne strane, naučnici smatraju da je ono uslovljeno biološkim faktorima (pre svega genetskim i endokrinološkim). Sa druge strane, istraživači, pre svega iz društvenih nauka, ističu da je ova pojava vezana ne samo za biološke, nego i za društvene faktore (siromaštvo, kulturu, rodne uloge itd.). U društvima postoje različiti vidovi nasilja. Pored mnogih oblika kriminaliteta i nasilja u porodici, vrlo važan aspekt igra i političko nasilje koje sprovode podjednako državne ustanove i paradržavne organizacije (kriminalne, fundamentalističke i terorističke grupe). U radu je postavljeno i pitanje da li nasilje opada tokom vremena. Na osnovu drugih radova uočeno je da postoje dve škole mišljenja. Prema jednoj grupi autora (poput Norberta Elijasa i Stivena Pinkera), sa procesom razvoja trgovine i tehnologija i širenjem ideja prosvetiteljstva dolazi do nesumnjivog opadanja nasilja i danas se živi u najsigurnijem od svih vremena. Suprotno tome, njihovi kritičari ističu da nasilje ne samo da nije nestalo, već je dobilo nove oblike i da je masovnije nego ikada.

Nasilje na sportskim priredbama nije nov fenomen. Načini na koji se države suprotstavljaju ovom obliku nasilja su različiti i variraju od države do države, koje preduzimaju različite vrste preventivnih i represivnih aktivnosti. Huliganizam mladih na sportskim priredbama postao je redovna pojava, koja se sve više i više viđa na sportskim događajima. Huligani na sportske priredbe ne dolaze da pruže podršku klubu i uživaju u sportu, nego zbog prilike da se nasilnički ponašaju. U cilju utvrđivanja stavova studenata o nasilju na sportskim priredbama, sproveli smo istraživanje među studentima pravnog fakulteta i fakulteta bezbednosti. Upitnik je popunilo 177 studenata. Rezultati istraživanja su poređeni sa istraživanjem koje je izvršeno 2013. godine među učenicima srednjim škola. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su studenti u određenoj meri upoznati sa problemom nasilja na sportskim priredbama, ali i da nemaju povoljan stav prema aktivnostima policije, iako procentualno u najvećem broju nisu imali jače dodirne tačke sa ovom pojavom. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je neopodno dalje raditi na edukaciji i obrazovanju mladih, budući da još uvek nemaju dovoljno razvijeno znanje o ovoj oblasti.

Jedna od osnovnih funkcija medija je da pravovremeno i istinito informišu građane o stvarima koje su se dogodile van njihovog opažajnog dometa. Na tu osnovnu funkciju nadograđuju se ostale, više društvene funkcije, pomoću kojih mediji mogu da direktno ili indirektno utiču na društvene tokove i pojave postojanjem, načinom i vrednosnom kvalifikacijom umetnutom u informacije koje mediji distribuiraju. Nasilje nad ženama je negativni fenomen ljudske civilizacije bezmalo od njenih početaka, odnosno, od kraja matrijarhata. Osnovni uzrok za to je percepcija muškaraca kao u svakom smislu nadmoćnijim bićem nad ženom, i iz takve percepcije proisteklih stereotipa, navika i običaja. Uprkos očiglednom civilizacijskom progresu, u velikom delu sveta i danas važi identični obrazac muško-ženskih odnosa koji je uspostavljen pre nekoliko hiljada godina. Ipak, savremena društva sa višim nivoom ljudskog razvoja pokušavaju da koriguju brojne nasleđene društvene nepravde, od kojih je neravnopravni položaj žena iz kog proističe i disproporcionalna količina nasilja nad njima, jedan od najvažnijih. U tim društvenim korekcijama mediji kao nosioci ogromne društvene moći imaju krucijalnu ulogu. Cilj ovog rada je da analizom medijskih sadržaja, kao i primarnih i sekundarnih izvora, istraži na koji način mediji izveštavaju o nasilju nad ženama sa posebnim akcentom na medije u Srbiji. Osnovna hipoteza ovog rada je da mediji ne koriste sve svoje funkcije, ili ih ne koriste na najcelishodniji način, i da kao posledica određene disfunkcionalnosti medija, problem nasilja na ženama vrlo često ima senzacionalistički i tabloidni prikaz u medijima, što uz odvojeni problem medijske glorifikacije nasilja, dovodi do stvaranja novih teškoća umesto da doprinosi rešavanju problema.

Desetogodišnjica potpisivanja Istanbulske konvencije ukazuje na promenu stava država koje su u vreme njenog nastanka bile njene najvatrenije zagovornice. Promena diskursa je rezultirala istupanjem Turske iz Konvencije, i javljanjem novih glasova u državama ukazujući na nespremnost na preduzimanje društvenih promena, pozivanjem na tradicionalne porodične i međupolne vrednosti. Šta je najveća prepreka daljem usvajanju Konvencije, i pored negativnih statistika prepreka ističe novo shvatanje roda, kao društveno definisane kategorije, što ipak u velikoj meri utiče na opšteprihvaćene tradicionalne društvene vrednosti. Polazeći od kratkog prikaza Istanbulske konvencije i u pogledu rodno zasnovanog nasilja i porodičnog nasilja? U radu se, kao najveća načina regulisanja rodno zasnovanog nasilja u istoj, centralni segment rad odnosi na analizu pojma roda u Konvenciji. Ističući novo shvatanje roda kao društvene kategorije, a u vezi sa statističkim podacima iznetim u uvodnom delu, u radu je upravo taj segment Konvenije opredeljen kao problematičan sa aspekta šire implementacije. Cilj ovog rada jeste osvetljavanje mogućnosti za ostvarivanja ciljeva Konvencije u svetlu (ne)spremnosti za promenu društvenog tradicionalnog diskursa.

In this paper we start from the assumption that social dynamics and cultural-civilizational progress cannot be viewed separately from the social history of the media as complex technological-communication structures. In this paper we deal with the influence of new disruptive technologies DLT (Distributed Ledger Technologies) better known as blockchain technologies which, thanks to the latest technological solutions, have great potential for transforming the media and journalism as a profession, thus we have explained the technological concept on which they are based. We will discuss the concept of personalized blockchain journalism and propose a user economy model that guarantees the financial sustainability of the platform. Observing information as a user experience, we have discussed the possibility of adequate cognitive response of users in conditions of information saturation, and raised the issue of structuring information in designing a journalistic platform on the blockchain, as an ecosystem that will distance itself from existing polluted media space. Finally, we have proposed a topic for further reflection and scientific research, which is the latest technological transition based on quantum computing, artificial intelligence and the Metaverse, which will provide a completely new user experience in 3D virtual space, where user avatars will rely less and less on traditional media and journalism as we know it today.

In this article, I rely on the reflective equilibrium methodology in providing a critical overview of the strongest and weakest arguments through which prominent proponents of plebiscitary secession theories defend the right to (unilateral) secession from internationally recognised states; a right that should – in their opinion – be achieved via referendums. By doing so, I demonstrate that the said right – although conceivable in the realm of normative theory – is rarely applicable in practice in a meaningful/justified manner. Instead, more often than not, it is prone to being (mis)used as an excuse for validating interest driven and unethical political conduct, either by separatist/irredentist nationalists or by regional/global powers that support such secessionist causes (as a part of their own geopolitical strategies). In fulfilling the main aim, I therefore argue that plebiscitary theories of secession do not provide answers to questions concerning the likelihood of just implementation of the said right in real-world cases, while their theoretical arguments come across as incomplete when dealing with the relationship between individual and collective rights, but also with issues concerning the nature and motives of contemporary secession movements.

The increase in peer violence and juvenile delinquency from year to year has kept the question of minimum age of criminal responsibility open around the world. States, not only in different parts of the world, but also within smaller regions territorially connecting them, have been developing various criminal legal responses to this question. Reasons behind such a variety lie in circumstances of economic, social, cultural, religious, political, and even political nature. In theory and practice, two opposing concepts can be distinguished – the so-called repressive and holistic concepts. Advocates of the first concept believe that a strict criminal policy is the safest way toward decreasing criminality among children and minors. On the other side, supporters of the holistic approach believe children in early age cannot understand the meaning of their actions, that is why lowering the age of criminal responsibility would introduce children to the criminal legal system too early when society could take timely measures that would prevent children from adopting a criminal pattern of behaviour. Using the comparative law method, as well as other qualitative and quantitative methods necessary for a productive analysis and deduction of valid conclusions, in this paper we aim to point up key aspects of the differences between the repressive and holistic approach to determining the minimum age of criminal responsibility. The final result is a firmly established belief that it is necessary to give advantage to the approach that does not see the children and minors drawn into the criminal milieu as part of the problem but as part of the solution.

Acquiring knowledge, that is, finding the necessary information, leads to knowledge about the subject of interest. This creates the capability of moving towards the set goal, in every area of work, action and activity, both of the individual and of the organization which one belongs to, of any level, structure and form of organization (nation, state/country and other forms of social organizations). The genesis of the concept of business intelligence indicates that it has its source in the total awareness/intelligence, and as the result, purpose and product of the intelligence activity. Such activity is also followed by the problems which arise from its implementation. In regards to this activity, which also includes espionage (illegal activity focused on secret information which is protected by somebody), business intelligence is legal and ethical activity, focused on the public, open and accessible information. As the other intelligence activities, business intelligence is also focused on the future, which also implies the possession of information about someone's intentions. The perspectives of economic intelligence are reflected in this. Therefore, as the subject of research, by applying the method of synthesis and description, as basic, and the method of abstraction, as auxiliary, the paper points out the problems and analyzes the perspectives of business intelligence in modern business and security circumstances, with the intention of achieving the goal of this paper, i.e. answer to the question: Is it possible to give an answer about the future intentions of the competition on the basis of the public information available to everyone, which mainly concerns the present?

In modern business, quality is one of the key factors for recognising a product or service on the market. For this reason, quality is becoming a new business paradigm in all spheres of human activities, whether we talk about material products or services. Therefore, increasing attention is paid to quality management that is focused on meeting the requirements of clients in order to keep the old and attract new ones, so that the organisation can survive in conditions of fierce competition. It is evident that nowadays quality management is becoming a leading asset in competitive business in all industries. World companies are focused on quality, so we may often hear that the 20th century was actually the century of productivity, but the 21st century will be, without doubt, the century of quality. Bearing in mind the importance of the quality of services, there were valid reasons to focus the scientific research attention in this paper on defining the model of valuation of the quality of banking services, as a research objective. In achieving this goal, there were valid and scientifically justified reasons to apply the statistical method, as a general method, and the descriptive (Survey-Research) method, as a special one. The model for evaluating the quality of banking services, which is defined in this way, represents an important assumption of contributing to the improvement of relations with clients (Customer relationship management – CRM) with the goal of satisfying their needs and wishes, but also with the realization of business benefits.

During the second half of the twentieth century, an accelerated wave of economic and political integration at the regional level hit all corners of the world. Regions of South and Southeast Asia did not fall far behind in this regard. This paper aims to examine the scope of regional political integration in these two regions of Asia, then identify the main (non)institutional barriers that prevent emerging supranational bodies from reaching out to their full potential and analyse the results in the field of regional political associating achieved so far. Using the content analysis of the relevant literature as a primary scientific method showed some important results: (a) it is pointed out that a higher degree of integration has been achieved between the member states of the ASEAN compared to the SAARC, (b) basic historical (colonization period, type of political culture, structure of the political system) and contemporary (political violence, secessionism, ethnoreligious disputes) threats to a deeper integration have been pointed out and (c) great potential of these regions for deeper integration in the field of politics, but also the economy, culture, etc., is clearly emphasized. In conclusion, it could be argued that the Southeast Asian region, through its arguably most important supranational entity – the ASEAN organization – has achieved an extremely high degree of regional integration compared to its neighbouring counterpart – SAARC and that the latter organization has a long way to go in approaching good practices and results achieved by ASEAN within the field of regional political integration.

Since the restoration of Serbian statehood in 1804, throughout the nineteenth and most of the twentieth century, the area of modern Central Serbia has been territorially fragmented into a number of local (self)government units of the third degree, which were initially called nahiyas and later districts. The only exception during the existence of the modern independent state of Serbia was made in 1834 with the formation of five larger regions composed of several districts, which were named serdarships. The paper aims to determine, above all, the territorial scope of the then established serdarships, as well as to provide an answer to the question of whether these regions could be considered protoregions of Central Serbia. Given the short duration of this administrative-territorial division, which lasted less than a year, the lack of studies that would address specific issues, which means the lack of basic data on the geographical distribution of these regions, in this study we will try to locate the space and boundaries of these five serdarships. We will also try to determine their historical foundation, as well as the potential practical use value in today's context of the process of political decentralization and statistical regionalization.

Despite a pandemic that has brought most of the global economy to its knees, Chinese economic growth continued in 2020 and strongly accelerated in 2021. An almost certain scenario in which China is becoming the leading world economy already brings strong geopolitical implications, primarily in the form of shaking the existing world order, which is practically managed by Washington. The key reason for the strong growth of China’s economy is the high share of both savings and investments in GDP (over two-fifths each) in a very long period, together with its impressive technological progress. In this regard, the direct reason for the current tension between the two countries is China’s economic transformation towards the upper end of global industrial value chains. Attempts to end China’s economic expansion through forced technological unbundling, US trade sanctions, or forced changes in global supply chains, seem doomed to failure given its vast internal market and conquest of entire product ranges or supply chains. America will continue with its efforts to maintain primacy over China in the basic technologies of the future, from artificial intelligence to quantum computing, with the help of huge investments in science. Although the US and China are not necessarily on the path of confrontation, this certainly cannot be ruled out. The aim of this paper is to project the future of the American and Chinese economies' dynamics of GDPs. The applied methodology is based on a linear projection of the GDP growth of both countries in the period after 2026.

Review of the book Force and Power – Serbia and Military Factor in International Politics, by V. Blagojević

The author deals with the problems of re-examining the theoretical paradigms of international relations in the light of several current practical challenges. The text starts with the presentation of the European continent as a scene of continuous crisis, which means that from the perspective of the theory it must focus on those paradigms that have the best potential for classical crisis management. Then, the problems of biotechnology, digitalization and immigration are examined, which reaffirm the dominant importance of realism in an interesting way. The author illustrates with a series of examples how immigration can become a tool of mass engineering and mutual confrontation between states and other centres of power. Or how the digital sphere and the Internet can be used to undermine the security of states, and what states do to preserve sovereignty over cyberspace in their domain. Finally, what do biological warfare, nanotechnology and drones bring to the practice of international relations? However, it turns out that the theory of realism must also undergo adequate adaptation in order to understand and incorporate the needs of solving new current problems.

Within the last ten years, the European continent has been strongly affected by three major crises. In addition to the migrant crisis, Covid-19, and the Russian-Ukrainian war, a fourth energy crisis is now on the horizon. All these crises have affected the social changes in European countries, also influencing their leadership which had to adjust to new situations that brought uncertainty and required rapid and radical changes. The goal of this paper is to analyse the effects of charismatic leadership in the cultural cluster of Eastern Europe during the crisis. The cultural cluster of Eastern Europe is characterised by a high degree of collectivism, as opposed to a low degree of future orientation and avoidance of uncertainty. A charismatic leader focused on values, people, and results responds to these characteristics of culture. In addition, charismatic leadership has a specific effect on followers in crisis situations by instilling confidence and making them feel safe. Literature review indicated that the alignment between the characteristics of cultural cluster and leadership style leads to positive effects and a strong relationship between leaders and followers in the crisis management process.

The development of modern information and communication technologies, in addition to numerous positive aspects, has also brought challenges to human rights, especially the right to privacy. The paper analyzes the relationship between the practice of mass surveillance and the right to privacy. The acute problem of abuse during the practice of mass surveillance at the international level was pointed out. An analysis of the existing legal framework at the international level was performed, as well as the practice of European institutions. Research has shown that international law does not support modern policies and practices of mass surveillance, which are especially used by the great powers. It has been established that states, especially great powers, resort to the argument that national security is endangered or that there is a danger of terrorism, to justify the practice of mass surveillance. Given the lack of universal legal regulations that would protect the right to privacy from abuse based on the practice of mass surveillance, the solution lies in concluding bilateral agreements or adopting non-binding legal norms. The normative method and legal-logical methods of induction and deduction were used in the research.

The Western Balkans is geographically positioned on an important route between Asia and Europe, while the Balkan countries are mostly politically oriented towards the West, which is why it can be said that the entire Balkans has both a Euro-Atlantic and Eurasian position. As an interesting hub with a transit position, which has many advantages in terms of the flow of goods, services, people, capital and ideas, there are many threatening phenomena in the Balkans. The largest of them are organized crimes, cybercrime, terrorism, violent extremism, radicalism, sabotage, subversive activities, intelligence work and diversion. Contemporary global and regional security-political trends and dynamics of viral threatening phenomena require the specific organization of the intelligence-security sector. In addition to the imperative that the security-intelligence system has a strong normative and organizational basis, it is necessary to determine precise strategic directions, so that every activity of the security-intelligence capacities would be purposeful and goal-oriented. Strategic directions are the result of political and legal codification processes, which result from the need for continuous realization of political and security interests of the Western Balkan countries through the operation of the security and intelligence system. In order to achieve the goals defined by the strategic directions, it is necessary to permanently, continuously, coordinate and control the operation of the intelligence and security apparatus of the countries of the Western Balkans. The mentioned convergences in the basic principles do not exclude the existing divergences of the strategic orientations of the security-intelligence systems, which requires a detailed and comprehensive analysis.

By defining the Perennial school (“Sofia Perenis”) or traditionalism as an “alternative stream” of thought in the 20th century which believes that in the foundations of all leading world religions there are identical universal truths that they manifest in different ways and lead to transcendental cognition, the Paper first observes the relation of perennialists toward historical dynamics. It determinates that perennialists are advocates of an emanation, cyclical view of history that begins with separation from the One and, in declining cyclical phases, leads to a return to it. Furthermore, different perennialist views of the duration of the phases of these cycles are observed. In the second part, the Paper analyzes the traditionalist teachings of Julius Evola, his version of historical cyclism, and its influence on cultural dynamics and tries to answer the question of why Evola's view is, practically, without major influences on the modern study of historical dynamics.

Review of the book Permanent Record, by E. Snowden

In this paper, we focus on the importance and role of criminal law in sanctioning medical errors. Bearing in mind that criminal acts are the result of irresponsible, inappropriate or insufficiently careful behaviour of medical staff during the treatment, there are difficulties in proving them in criminal proceedings. Due to the complex causality and sensitiveness of this problem, there is a need for a detailed analysis of the relevant provisions of the Serbian Criminal Code. In this regard, our goal is a comprehensive review and assessment of the quality and efficiency of current legislative solutions. The court practice in the matter was also the subject of the analyses, so we tried to identify points of disagreement in the court’s interpretation of legal provisions. Subjective elements of the legal definition of the basic form of the offence are particularly examined. We concluded the paper with recommendations for the improvement of legal solutions de lege ferenda.

In this day and age, one of the specific ways of responding to organized crime is covert operations which, as a measure of an undercover investigation, are a very important form of legal and criminalistic actions. The most efficient tactic of covert operations is deploying an undercover investigator. The success of undercover agent missions is reliant on meticulous planning of every stage of the investigation, in this way the actions of undercover agents can prevent the future criminal activity of suspects and members of criminal organizations. The research subject of this paper encompasses the criminal procedure analysis of an undercover investigator in the legislation of the United States of America and the United Kingdom. This paper aims to compare the legal framework of commissioning an undercover investigator in two compatible legal systems to identify the elements that differentiate between these models and the legal solution in the Republic of Serbia. In the conclusion, we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the observed differences.

People have been fascinated by detective novels and complicated investigations since the advent of the detective novel as a literary form in the mid-19th century. The progenitors and early popularizers of this genre, such as Edgar Allan Poe and Arthur Conan Doyle, prepared the ground for later authors of this popular genre. In the meantime, from the beginning to the present day, the techniques and methods of criminal investigations have been immeasurably improved. Criminal and detective fiction has followed innovations, so it has always remained relevant and representative in relation to real-life investigative techniques and methods. Significant development of the TV series as a medium and a massive increase in the quality of the recorded program through a significantly more serious approach and involvement of professionals from the film industry, somewhere since the beginning of the XXI century, has led to a change in approach to procedural and criminal TV series. Instead of the previously trendy but unrealistic and pseudo-scientific procedural programs and detectives whose characterization did not correspond to reality, a new wave of crime series has emerged that is significantly more grounded in reality and faithfully shows the methods and modalities of investigative actions and personalities of criminal investigators. We aim to identify common professional and psychological characteristics of subject investigators using media content analysis, narrative analysis, characterization analysis, and other appropriate analytical methods, and to propose a profile of a modern criminal investigator who, very importantly, corresponds with investigators in real life.

The paper presents Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s social contract theory within the context of the period in which it was created, and also in relation to the previous, modern contract theories. The authors indicate the complexity and interconnection between the general will and sovereignty, which Rousseau saw as the basis of the contract which caused the exit from the natural state and the foundation of the political body based on civil liberty. Unlike his predecessors, Rousseau viewed the contract, as well as the republic, in a rather ethical context than a legal one, so he understood the political community as the creation which was founded on the morale of its citizens and integrated due to the civic virtue. Such an idea further led the author towards the consideration of education within the spirit of civil religion, which he saw as the moral base of a unique and undivided nation, in which all the individual and particular interests were declared as hostile and destructive elements of the social body. The collectivistic energy of Rousseau’s theory would soon become the main source of inspiration to the Jacobins and the revolutionary terror in France after the Revolution.

The history of mankind has been marked by the use of force, which has led many thinkers to seek answers to questions: what are conflict and violence, what is their nature, are they generated externally, by what forces, or are they a product of human aspirations to selfishly satisfy their needs. The answer to these questions is only the beginning of the search because it opens new, undoubtedly equally important questions – whether conflict and violence can be positive values and, in particular, whether conflicts can be resolved or transformed before they generate violence, and if so, what are the processes, mechanisms and strategies. Seeking answers to all these questions requires complex multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research and integrating and harmonising their results into a coherent whole. Having this in mind as a limiting, but at the same time motivating research factor, the authors of this paper aim to determine with sequential analysis the way of resolving the conflict by non-violent means through the stages of its development.

The aim of this work is, through the analysis of the book „My struggle”, especially its parts connected with religion and devotion and the most important facts about this complex topic, present to the modern readers Adolf Hitler’s main ideas in the process of decreasement, and even often destroying of a religious factor in the everyday life of average Germans in the period between his entering into politics and the start of WWII and his project of solving the Jewish problem in the areas conquered by the German army. The complexity of this topic is also visible in the fact that there was a conflict in whole social life in Germany after losing WWI. The society in Germany after WWI had been searching for comfort and escape from poverty that happened after 1919, political instability and other destabilizing factors in religion, no matter is it Roman Catholicism, Protestantism or Judaism. For National socialists who were constantly getting more and more power, thanks to mistakes of other political movements, excellent organisation and endurance of its leaders, before all, Adolf Hitler, every kind of devotion that was not agreeing with the ideas of national socialism was declared as a political enemy. From today’s perspective, we can say that Germany between the two World Wars was a very interesting area for researching the relationship between religion and politics, especially if we keep in mind that Hitler in his book defined the relationship between religion and its destroying, in the case when religion does not use to the political goals.