Terentang (Campnosperma brevipetiolatum Volkens) stem bark contains alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids that can nourish hair and blacken and clean hair. This study aimed to determine male rabbits' hair growth activity from terentang stem bark extract and the most effective concentration in hair growth. This study used 6 treatments, namely: no treatment, negative control (aqua dest), positive control (Regrou), and terentang stem bark extract with a concentration of 0.5%, 1%, and 5%. Treatment was carried out every day with an application volume of 1 ml for 21 days. Hair length measurements were carried out on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. Hair weight measurements were carried out on the 22nd day. Data obtained were processed statistically with the one-way ANOVA method. The results of one-way ANOVA statistical analysis showed significant differences in hair growth activity in each treatment with a value of P=<0.00 (P<0.05). Based on the results, it can be concluded that terentang stem bark extract with a concentration of 5% was the most effective concentration in growing hair of male rabbits.

Herbal resources are useful for traditional medicine, folk medicine, modern medicine, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, pharmaceutical intermediates, and chemical precursors for synthetic drugs. The antibacterial qualities of the leaves of piper betel, also known as paan, have long been employed in Indian traditional medicine. A methanol extract of Piper betel leaves was examined for its ability to inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus frimicutes, Escherichia coli, Entrobacter, Klebsiella, and other bacteria (both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria).The extract of Piper betel leaves also contained proteins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, fixed oil, and lipids. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar disc diffusion method. The outcomes shown that the antibacterial properties of Piper betel Linn's limit the growth of microorganisms in a dose-dependent manner. The outcomes demonstrate that the extract from Piper betel possesses antibacterial activity in the tested system. Secondary metabolites are thought to be produced by this plant. The results also imply that favorable results can emerge from habitually using herbs with historical efficacy claims in scientific study.

Tegari plants (Dianella nemorosa Lam) from the Liliaceae family are used in several areas as a medicine traditional at the Tepin community in Sorong and Tablanusu in the Depapre Jayapura District, Papua. This plant is used by the community to cure various diseases such as pneumonia, cancer, internal and external wound healing, also antiseptic to asthma. This objective of this work is to estimate the antioxidant potential and IC₅₀ level of the root extract and fraction. Sampling was carried out in the Dormena Village, Depapre District, Jayapura Regency. A yield of 16.28 percent was achieved from the extraction utilizing the maceration process and a solvent of 96 percent ethanol. Additionally, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol were used as solvents for fractionation, and the extracts and fractions were then subjected to preliminary phytochemical. Using the DPPH assay (1.1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil), test concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ppm were used to determine each fraction's antioxidant activity. Vitamin C was the positive control that was employed. The Tegari root included flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids according to the results of the phytochemical screening. The Tegari plant exhibited a very high potential for antioxidant properties, according the findings of the antioxidant activity test.

Nootropic drugs are the class of drugs or supplements that are claimed to enhance cognitive functions, specifically executive functions, memory and creativity in healthy individual. They are sometime referred as cognitive enhancers or smart drugs as they are associated with memory improvement functioning. Some of them are well known drugs and clinically approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). All metabolic reactions are purely dependent on enzymatic actions as they play a very important role in regulating and maintaining most of the biological responses and various processes. An enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) seems to play an essential role in the conduction of cholinergic brain synapses and neuromuscular junctions. There have been different nootropic drugs identified and approved for curing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer, Parkinson and Huntington's disease. Their binding efficiency and energy have been well studied an established by using the in-silico docking tools. There are different docking tools available today for analysis of molecules such as PyRx, Auto dock and schrodinger suite. The advent of these tools is being widely used by the pharmaceutical industries for the virtual screening of the formulated drugs against the desired target molecule. It has made the drug formulation process more time efficient and cost effective. Thus, an in-silico approach has been widely accepted for drug discovery and its design.

The present-day investigation focuses on the Pharmacologic revision of the climbers of D. bulbifera L &. D. pentaphylla L. (Dioscoreaceae). Climbers have been deliberate from diverse angles of morphological and, residue scrutiny, and extractive standards. Morphological analysis discovered nature, dimensions, aroma and flavour of tubers. The genus Dioscorea have its place to the family Dioscoreaceae, universally recognized as yam, consist of nearly 600 sps. Scattered all over the earth realm, but customarily in steamy section. Most sps. encompass steroid saponins and correspondingly sapogenins, such as diosgenin, which is preparatory quantifiable for blend of various steroidal hormones castoff as anti-inflammatory, androgenic estrogenic and contraceptive drugs. Associates of the genre Dioscorea are one of ancient tuber crop cultured or garnered from uninhabited in steamy constituency all over earth realm and set up one of the key food element for various indigenous groups. Genus is reflected to be amid the most primeval angiosperms and was recognized to occur and broaden the horizons nearly 75 M. Yrs. past in segments of southern celestial-sphere at the termination of the cretaceous period

This study was aimed at developing a new ordering menu based on an electronic medical record system and investigating its use. We included fields for order entry in which information regarding the name of the drug to be measured, date/time of sample collection, date of the last dose, frequency of seizures, nutrients used, administration method, dosing method, side effects, and a comment could be provided. The entry rates of these items could be easily identified in the new ordering menu. In the 2,457 orders examined, the entry rate for items such as “date of the last dose,” “method of administration,” and “dosing method” was >40%. Many comments were related to blood sampling points and details about the dosing method and administration. The newly developed ordering menu allowed effective collection of useful information for the analysis of drug concentrations in blood.

This study pertains to mechanisms by which bacterial and fungal cells regulate or control their metabolic activities; as well as attempts to explicate the discrete regulatory mechanisms in bacteria and fungi. It is well established that the microrganisms, bacteria and fungi have developed veritable and integral mechanisms to control or regulate both anabolic and catabolic pathways for survival of the species. Aromatic amino acid biosynthesis has been rigorously studied in fungi and bacteria, and it is clear that nature has evolved many solutions to the challenges and constraints of control in branched pathways. These control or regulatory mechanisms have been adequately established in merely a select species of bacteria and fungi, and they have in a plethora of instances not been tested and proven to occur in several other bacteria or fungi. With intensive research, these obstacles are surmountable.