Results in Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia: 143
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Published: 31 July 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 91-98; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.2.91-98
Abstract:
This Research has carried out on natural sand originating from the Rokan river, Riau Province by converting it into magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to determine changes in magnetic properties and particle size. Natural sand samples of the Rokan river were separated between magnetic and non-magnetic particles using an iron sand separator (ISS). ISS products are further synthesized using ball milling and coprecipitation methods. 70-hour ball milling products, coprecipitation without ball milling and coprecipitation with 70-hour ball milling are then given NdFeB (neodymium iron boron) magnets to clean impurities containing non-magnetic elements. The results of this study showed that the highest magnetic acceptability value was obtained in coprecipitation products with ball milling, which was 12.9 × 10-2. This is because coprecipitation products have an abundant content of chemicals in the form of magnetic elements. Based on the results of chemical composition testing using X-ray flourescence (XRF) it was found that in coprecipitation products with ball milling there was 64.504% iron (Fe) content, while 70-hour ball milling products and coprecipitation without ball milling the percentage of Fe protection was 15.023% and 54.152%, respectively. Based on the results of the identification of the chemical composition in the sample, coprecipitation products with 70-hour ball milling have high magnetic induction values and magnetic suseptibility caused by the magnetic content in products such as Fe which are very high and non-magnetic content is very low such as Si compared to 70-hour ball milling products and coprecipitation products without ball milling.
Published: 31 July 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 113-118; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.2.113-118
Abstract:
The composition, crystallinity and magnetic susceptibility of nanoparticles in natural sand of the Rokan River, Riau Province have been investigated. After the iron sand separator (ISS) process, the natural sand samples were separated using NdFeB magnets to separate iron oxide particles and other non-ferrous oxides. For 70 hours, the NdFeB product was prepared using the ball milling method to produce BM products. The BM products were ball milled for 30 hours with a manganese doping concentration of 0 wt.%; 5 wt.%, and 10 wt.% produced DM 0, DM 5 and DM 10 products. Magnetic susceptibility values increased based on the values of B0 and BT measured using Pasco Magnetic Probe PS-2162. The results of XRD analysis of DM products contain a hematite phase (α-Fe2O3) which has a hexagonal structure. The crystal size increased along with the increasing concentration of Manganese from 25.494 nm; 25,542 nm to 25.669 nm. The results of XRF analysis of DM products on Fe elements decreased in percentage with increasing Manganese concentration from 18.083%; 15.407% to 12.947%. Other chemical elements such as Si, Al, K, P, Ti, Ca, Ti, Cr, Zn, V and Pbalso decreased.
Published: 31 July 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 119-127; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.2.119-127
Abstract:
Red ginger leaf waste (Zingiber Officinale Var Rubrum) has been successfully processed as an active carbon base material for supercapacitor electrodes. The process of making carbon electrodes starts from the preparation of the original material, drying, refining, chemical activation, integrated pyrolysis and neutralization. The focus of this research is on the chemical activator ZnCl2 which is used with different concentrations of (0.1 and 0.5) M. Activated carbon powder is printed using a press to produce carbon in the form of solid coins of uniform size. The optimization of the carbon element in the sample is carried out through a pyrolysis process at high temperature with a one-stage integrated technique. Where, carbonization in the N2 gas environment is carried out starting from room temperature 30°C up to 600°C followed by physical activation until the high temperature reaches 800°C in CO2 gas environment. Characterization of activated carbon samples from red ginger leaves begins with determining the amount of shrinkage that occurs in the pyrolysis process by measuring the mass, diameter and thickness of the carbon coins. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties were tested using two methods, namely cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) in a symmetrical two-electrode system. The electrochemical characterization was carried out under the influence of an aqueous electrolyte of 1M KOH and 1M Na2SO4 at a low potential window of 0-1 V. The optimum conditions of electrochemical properties were found in the red ginger leaf activated carbon sample with a ZnCl2 activator concentration of 0.5M for the electrolyte. KOH with a specific capacitance value of 115.9 F/g. while for electrolyte Na2SO4 found in ZnCl2 activator 0.1M with a value of 72 F/g. Through these results, red ginger leaves are known to have great potential as a base material for activated carbon electrodes to improve the performance of supercapacitors.
Published: 31 July 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 65-68; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.2.65-68
Abstract:
Supercapacitors areenergy storage devices consisting of electrodes, electrolytes, current collectors, and separators. Supercapacitor cells have components called electrodes. In this study, the basic material used to make supercapacitor cell electrodes is young coconut fiber with variations in physical activation temperature of 700°C, 750°C and 800°C. The process of preparing of supercapacitor cell electrodes begins with pre-carbonization using an electric oven, chemical activation using 0.5M KOH activator, carbonization process using N2 gas at a temperature of 600°C and physical activation using CO2 gas. Analysis of the supercapacitor cell electrodes made from young coconut coir showed that the sample with a physical activation temperature of 750°C was the best sample, indicatedby a low density value of 0.68 g/cm3andthe highest specific capacitance of 225.1736 F/g which was tested using Cyclic Voltammetry method.
Published: 31 July 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 83-90; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.2.83-90
Abstract:
Babies born prematurely always increase every year. For this reason, it is necessary to take proper care so that the baby remains in good health. One of the treatments for premature babies is phototherapy to reduce bilirubin levels in the baby's body. In order for the phototherapy process to run as expected, of course the phototherapy equipment used in the treatment must be of good quality and quality. For this reason, quality assurance and phototherapy equipment need to be carried out through a calibration process. In this study, calibration of the GEA medical type XHZ-90 phototherapy tool was carried out. Calibration is carried out by following the standard reference work method from the Ministry of Health in 2018. Calibration is carried out by checking the physical and function of the equipment which gains a weight of 10%, electrical safety inspection of the appliance with a weight gain of 36%, and measuring the performance of the instrument, namely spectral irradiance with a weight gain of 50%. . So that the total weight gain can be 96% and it can be concluded that this tool is functioning properly and within the tolerance limits of use. The uncertainty value in the measurement of spectral irradiance takes into account the sources of uncertainty types A and B. The combined uncertainty calculation from several sources for the measurement of spectral irradiance is 1.116. This value has met the uncertainty tolerance limit value of ≥ 4.
Published: 31 July 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 99-107; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.2.99-107
Abstract:
Natural zeolite is one of the alternative adsorbents with good absorption capabilities, including in absorbing color. The adsorption ability of zeolite can be increased by the activation process because it can increase the Si/Al ratio and pore size. Dragon fruit peel is a natural material that can be used as a natural dye because it contains betacyanin pigments which are equivalent to synthetic dyes. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of activated green and brown zeolite and their adsorption ability on natural dyes of dragon fruit peel. Zeolite was activated chemically using 3M HCl solution and physically through a heating process of 500°C, then characterized using XRD and FTIR. The zeolite adsorption process was carried out with variations in contact time of 30, 60 and 90 minutes and variations in the mass of the adsorbent 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 grams. The results of XRD analysis showed that the green and brown zeolite contained mordenite, nepheline and quartz minerals. The highest percentage of color degradation in the adsorption process was in brown zeolite at 27.70% at a contact time of 90 minutes and 88.2% at an adsorbent mass of 0.5 grams. Differences in brown zeolite before and after adsorption can be seen from the shift in the wavelength of each functional group due to the interaction with dragon fruit peel.
Published: 31 July 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 57-64; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.2.57-64
Abstract:
Electronic noses have been developed for decades in many fields. Recently, electronic nose has been used in agriculture to detect the ripeness of fruits because fruits also produce volatile gas during ripening. Oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) is the main source of crude palm oil, its quality depends on the ripeness levels of oil palm FFB. Therefore, electronic detections of oil palm FFB ripeness need to be developed. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of temperature variation on the sensitivity of gas sensors in an electronic nose designed for detecting the ripeness of oil palm FFB. The electronic nose used in this study consisted of 4 sensors which were TGS 2611, TGS 2620, TGS 813 and TGS 822. Samples were peeled fruitlets of ripe oil palm FFB which were heated to temperatures of 30°C, 45°C, and 60°C. Response of each sensor was represented as a trapezoid area of voltage versus time for convenience. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the output voltage of each sensor when the sample temperatures were varied. Fruitlets of oil palm FFB heated at 60°C resulted in higher trapezoid area which mean more volatile gas released. Based on the resulted trapezoid area for each sensor. Sensors of TGS 2611 and TGS 822 are the most sensitive which have higher trapezoid area for the variation of the temperatures.
Published: 31 July 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 75-82; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.2.75-82
Abstract:
The latest generation of photovoltaic cells are perovskite-based solar cells that can be fabricated through a simple and affordable process using high-efficiency solar power. This review also present zinc oxide (ZnO) adopted as an electron transport material (ETM) layer in the planar perovskitesolar cells due to its simple shynthesis and excellent electrical properties. ZnO ETM in conventional perovskite. Doping Aluminium (Al) with ZnO (AZO) was used the organic cation (CH3NH+3) of perovskite. The AZO ETM was prepared by spin coating technique with AZO sol-gel 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3% Al doping. The perovskite solar cells with AZO ETM above 1.5% Al doping exhibits better and stable the performance cells because doing so can encourage the charge transporting and match the band energy with MAPl3 compared to pure ZnO.
Published: 31 July 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 108-112; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.2.108-112
Abstract:
Groundwater, one part of water resources is the most needed by humans for life. The availability of ground water and the increasing population growth in Tangkerang Labuai Village reguire the use of clean water. This study aims to determine the rock layers that makes up the soil and soil aquifers and the quality of groundwater. For the soil layer, it user the Schlumberger configuration geoelectric method,for the aquifer test, uses the Jacobs step drawdown method to determine the decrease of groundwater level is time. For air quality uses radians where the pH, TDS, turbidity values describe the resistivity value. The results of the research based on data processing on a 90 m long track,ground water is found at a depth of 7-10 m with a resistivity value of 114 m, which is categorized as granite, sand, gravel, alluvium constituent layers with a resistivity value of < 1000 m or the aquifer is partially connected due to the presence of a porous rock layerhaving small pores. To test the aquifer in the well based on the relatively small decrease in groundwater, namely 0.2 and 0.1 cm with a discharge of 0.43 liter/second with a transmissivity value of 971.901 m2/day, categorized as free or connected aquifer. Groundwater could not be consumed from the results as as stated to the regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia number 492 of 2010, because the pH obtained was < 6.5 or acidic nature and categorized as partially connected aquifers because the more acid of water is formal, the higher the resistivity value is obtained.
Published: 31 July 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 69-74; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.2.69-74
Abstract:
Digital technology in the form of a drying oven is used for the drying process of a sample biomass fuel. There are 2 types of biomass used, namely Coconut Shell and Acacia tree branches. The biomass is used as fuel for the drying process in the drying oven. This study aims to analyze a change in temperature, humidity and heat with various mass variations in coconut shells and acacia tree branches. Mass variations used are 1000 gr, 1500 gr, 2000 gr, 2500 gr, and 3500 gr. The research process begins by burning biomass from the first mass variation to the last mass variation. Furthermore, in the process of burning biomass, the resulting data is accessed via the internet of things seen from a website. The results of the data have a time span of 5 minutes for each observation of temperature and humidity. The data results are the comparison of time with internal temperature on coconut shells with the highest temperature of 93.7°C with a long burning time of 440 minutes, while on wood twigs the highest temperature is 93.7°C and the time required for the combustion process is 445 minutes. The best heat produced in coconut shell of 3500 gr with a maximum heat of 377.43 Joules at an internal temperature of 61.8°C for 45 minutes. Acacia tree branches have the best calorific value with a mass of 1000 gr, it’s maximum heat of 288.82 Joules at 37.7°C for 10 minutes.
Published: 31 March 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 51-56; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.1.51-56
Abstract:
An acoustic identification and classification system of frogs has been designed based on the principle of wavelet extraction and label classification using an artificial neural network (ANN). This system consists of electronic detection for frog audio as well as an interface using the MATLAB 2018b software as an ANN provider device. As input for the neural network, 5 types of frogs were used, namely the rock frog (Limnonectes macrodon), the blentung frog (Kaloula baleata), the hip frog (Limnonectesblythii), the rice field frog (Fejervarya cancrivora), and the trench frog. frog. frog (Fejervarya limnocharis). ), each with 12 sound samples. Before being inserted into the neural network, 3 levels of sound samples were extracted and denoised using wavelet symlet 3. Furthermore, in the neural network training process, 3 validation samples and 3 test samples were used. After training, the artificial neural network was able to identify the type of frog being tested.
Published: 31 March 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 7-10; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.1.7-10
Abstract:
Nanotechnology is developing rapidly with a variety of synthetic materials, apart from the perceived work efficiency, which is also prioritized in terms of safety and non-toxicity. The synthesis that has the potential to be carried out based on these criteria is the type of Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by a biosynthetic method using pineapple peel extract as a reducing agent. This study aims to look at the effect of adding Ag to ZnO nanoparticles. The percentage variation of Ag to ZnO is 1%, 3%, and 5%. The pineapple peel extract was mixed with 0.05 M (Zn(NO3)2)·6H2O and 0.05 M AgNO3 precursor solutions. The solution was heated at 80 °C for 2 hours. The results of the biosynthesis were characterized using Spectroscopy UV-Vis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV-Vis spectrum informs that strong absorption occurs at wavelengths below 400 nm. The maximum absorption is shown by sample ZnO:Ag 3% and the minimum absorption is shown by the pure ZnO sample. XRD characterization showed that the formation of seven diffraction peaks occurs at a diffraction angle (2θ) of: 31.729°; 34,397°; 36,214°; 47,467°; 56,541°; 62.831°; and 67.922°. The SEM results showed surface morphology of ZnO and ZnO:Ag 1% samples are floral and spherical, while ZnO:Ag 3% and ZnO:Ag 5% samples are coral rocks.
Published: 31 March 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 39-44; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.1.39-44
Abstract:
Monte Carlo simulation with electron gamma shower (EGSnrc) code can produce 3-dimensional dose distribution data. The percent depth dose curve (PDD), dose profile, and isodose curve can be extracted through this 3-dimensional data. In this study, a photon source with an energy of 2 MeV is placed at the source to surface distance (SSD) from the phantom surface by adjusting the collimator aperture which is used to control the size of the exposure field. The SSD distance was varied at a distance of 50 cm, 70 cm, 80 cm, 90 cm, and 100 cm. The size of the exposure area is also varied by 2 × 2 cm2, 5 × 5 cm2, 7 × 7 cm2, and 10 × 10 cm2. The dose distribution analysis was carried out on homogeneous phantoms containing water and inhomogeneous phantoms containing tissue/bone/lung/bone/tissue material. The PDD curve and dose profile represent dose changes with depth and x or y direction, respectively. The PDD curve on a homogeneous phantom shows an increase in the value on the surface of the phantom to the depth with the maximum dose. This curve then decreases gradually with increasing depth. Inhomogeneous ghosts show spikes in the border region of the two media with different densities. This is due to the contribution of the backscattered electrons generated by the bone media and into the tissue media. This phenomenon is also seen in the isodose curve for inhomogeneous phantoms.
Published: 31 March 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 19-24; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.1.19-24
Abstract:
Snake fruit midrib (SFM) biomass has the potential to be used as a precursor material for making carbon electrodes because it has a high lignocellulosic content for supercapacitor applications. Carbon electrodes were made from snake fruit midrib biomass using a pre-carbonization process at200 °C, chemical activation with 0.1 M KOH as an activating agent, a carbonization process with temperature variations of 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C using N2 gas, and a physical activation process at800 °C with CO2 gas. Thermogravimetric analysis shows the thermal resistance temperature of carbonpowder is 317.1 °C. Analysis of the electrochemical properties of supercapacitor cells from snake fruitmidrib obtained specific capacitance values of 123.23 F/g, 169.05 F/g, and 213.27 F/g for samples SFM-500, SFM-600, and SFM-700, respectively. The results showed that 700 °C was the best carbonization temperature for carbon electrodes from snake fruit midrib.
Published: 31 March 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 45-50; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.1.45-50
Abstract:
The supercapacitor is a storage device consisting of carbon electrodes, separator, electrolyte, and current collector. Carbon electrodes made from young coconut coir biomass with a mass ratio of 1:0.20 KOH activator have been successfully fabricated with a carbonization temperature of 550 °C and a physical activation temperature of 750 °C. Characterization of physical properties by measuring the density value showed that before and after pyrolysis decreased due to KOH activating agent. Furthermore, the electrochemical characterization using the voltammetry cyclic method showed the specific capacitance value to the scanning rate, where the highest specific capacitance value was 163.14 F/g with a scanning rate of 1 mV/s.
Published: 31 March 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 11-18; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.1.11-18
Abstract:
Helium plasma source modelling was performed in order to obtain species density at balanced conditions under pressure of 1 atm. The software used in this modelling is matrix laboratory software (MATLAB). The equation used is a continuity equation that depends on the position and parameters of Arrhenius. Plasma temperatures used were 0.1 eV, 0.2 eV, 0.3 eV, and 0.5 eV. Species involved in a plasma consist of electrons, He, He+, He2+, He*, and He2*. The modelling results showed that the density value of He species increases as temperature increases. It is noted that the obtained the density of He (nHe) when reaching a balanced condition at the temperature of T = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 are 3.0137 × 1025, 7.9506 × 1026, nHe = 1.6489 × 1028, and 7.1384 × 1029, respectively. This is because He is a noble gas that is monatomic and chemically inert. Thus resulting in stable plasma production and gaining an increase in density value. Plasma-charged species are the main media that cause the disinfection of microorganisms because they can break the hydrogen bond of the organic molecules that make up the dental plaque. So the influence of charged species when applied to dental plaque has more effective than that of neutral reactive species.
Published: 31 March 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 35-38; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.1.35-38
Abstract:
Research has been carried out at the Science Park, Riau University to determine the layers of underground lithological structures using the one-dimensional Schlumberger configuration Geoelectric resistivity method. Research data processing is done using Software Progress. The results of data processing show that lanes 1 and 2 consists of layers of alluvium, sand, gravel, and clay. On track 1, the highest soil layer resistivity value of 863.14 m is interpreted as a layer of sand and gravel at a depth of 2.28 - 31.12 m, while the smallest is 226.90 m which can be interpreted as a layer of clay at a depth of 0.68 - 1.28 m. On track 2, the highest soil layer resistivity value of 1027.83 m is interpreted as a layer of sand and gravel at a depth of 0.28 - 1.15 m, while the smallest is 188.08 m interpreted as a clay layer at a depth of 0 - 0.28 m. The highest and lowest resistivity values tend to be identified as sand, gravel, and clay, respectively.
Published: 31 March 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 31-34; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.1.31-34
Abstract:
The supercapacitor is an energy storage device with an electrochemical characteristic that can provide high energy and power density. The supercapacitor cell consists of a current collector, electrode, electrolyte, and separator. This study used young coconut fiber biomass as a supercapacitor electrode, H2SO4 as an electrolyte, 316L stainless steel as a current collector, and chicken eggshell membrane as a separator. The fabrication of electrode carbon made from young coco fiber begins with the pre-carbonization process, chemical activation using 0.5M KOH, carbonization process using N2 gas at a temperature of 600 °C, and physical activation using CO2 gas at a temperature of 750 °C. Analysis of electrochemical characteristics using cyclic voltammetry method resulting in a specific capacitance value of 197.05 F/g for a scan rate of 1 mV/s, 157.215 F/g for a scan rate of 2 mV/s, and 129.42 F/g for scan rate of 5 mV/s.
Published: 31 March 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 1-6; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.1.1-6
Abstract:
Palm oil is one of the main commodities for Indonesia. It is important to identify the disease-causing the decline in productivity. Root rot disease that causes total damage to oil palm plants due to fungal infection G. boninense sp has volatile organic compounds that can be detected using an electronic nose. The electronic nose system is designed with 6 sensor arrays, namely TGS 2612, TGS 822, TGS 2611, TGS 2610, TGS 813, and TGS 2620 which are sensitive to certain VOC compounds. The sample used was infected and uninfected oil palm seedlings aged 4 months. The detection process is carried out on plant roots. Python program is used as a data acquisition system in voltage retrieval. The obtained voltage is processed and further analyzed using a trapezoidal area to determine the sensor response in the identification of Ganoderma. The results of processing using a trapezoidal plane show that TGS 2611 has a very good response. The TGS 2611 sensor has a higher trapezoidal area in identifying oil palm plants that are attacked by Ganoderma with 4 classifications, namely healthy, moderate, sick, and severe.
Published: 31 March 2022
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 25-30; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.19.1.25-30
Abstract:
We derive the field equation of f(T) gravity at the weak field limit obtained by teleparallel Lagrange action of a function of torsion scalar T. The weak field limit in teleparallel gravity is to assume that tetrad experiences small perturbation and ignore the higher order. Tetrad perturbation is equivalent to metric perturbation in general relativity and can be transformed into one another. If we take the special case f(T) = T then the equation will be equivalent to the gravitational field equation obtained by the Einstein-Hilbert action. The equation of fields is simplified using the trace reversed method for metric perturbation and Lorentz gauge condition. The final equation has the form of the wave equation with an additional derivative of function f(T). Technically, this equation is the gravitational waves equation in terms of f(T) gravity. In a vacuum with zero energy and momentum tensor, the field equation reduces to the gravitational waves equation in a vacuum.
Published: 30 November 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 208-216; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.3.208-216
Abstract:
Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan perancangan sistem pemantauan parameter fisis air berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) menggunakan Raspberry Pi. Parameter yang dipantau pada sistem ini yaitu pH, temperatur air, kekeruhan air, dan ketinggian air. Parameter yang dipantau merupakan parameter yang penting untuk menentukan tingkat kualitas dan kuantitas air. Sensor yang digunakan adalah sensor suhu tipe DS18B20, sensor kekeruhan tipe SEN0189, sensor pH air tipe SEN0161, dan sensor ultrasonic HCSR04 trigger untuk ketinggian air. Perangkat lunak sistem yaitu program yang ditanamkan pada mikroprosesor Raspberry Pi. Mekanisme kerja dari sistem pemantauan yaitu sistem akan mendeteksi parameter fisis dari sensor, hasil sinyal dari sensor akan diproses melalui Raspberry Pi, dan data yang telah diproses tersimpan diserver yang bisa diakses pada web. Tingkat sensitifitas sensor yang didapatkan dari observasi terhadap sistem untuk parameter pH, kekeruhan, temperatur, dan ketinggian air masing-masing adalah 52,715 mV/pH, 0,0005 V/NTU, 0,0255 V/°C, dan 0,0583 milidetik/cm. Persentase ketepatan rata-rata yang didapatkan pada pengujian sistem adalah berkisar antara 96,86% sampai 99,9%. Ketelitian pada sistem berkisar antara 0,94 sampai dengan 0,99. Dari hasil pengujian ketepatan dan ketelitian maka sistem pemantauan parameter fisis air dapat bekerja dengan baik. Penelitian ini harapannya dapat menghasilkan sistem pemantauan parameter fisis pada air yang berfungsi membantu pihak terkait untuk mengidentifikasi kualitas dan kuantitas air dengan mudah, efisien, dan akurat.
Published: 30 November 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 179-190; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.3.179-190
Abstract:
Properti fisik sering diaplikasikan pada analisis eksplorasi migas dengan menggunakan data seismik. Namun, pada kenyataannya, tidak satupun properti fisik (atribut) dari data seismik yang dapat mengungkapkan seluruh jenis litologi suatu lapisan bawah permukaan. Diperlukan kombinasi dari berbagai properti fisik (multi-atribut) dan data lain untuk melakukan pemetaan terhadap sebaran litologi suatu lapisan bawah permukaan. Salah satu dari atribut seismik yang dapat digunakan dalam menggambarkan keadaan litologi bawah permukaan adalah impedansi akustik (AI). Impedansi akustik dapat memberikan informasi berupa litologi batuan pada suatu lapisan. Informasi ini dapat diinterpretasikan dengan melakukan inversi. Inversi yang dilakukan terhadap impedansi akustik mendapatkan hasil penampang sebaran impedansi akustik yang menunjukkan litologi. Dengan kondisi litologi yang ada, korelasi terhadap properti fisik lain dapat dimodelkan. Beberapa proprti fisis yang digunakan ini disebut dengan istilah multi-atribut. Metode multi-atribut dapat memprediksi dan memodelkan porositas batuan dari atribut seismik. Penerapan metode ini digunakan untuk menggambarkan sebaran lateral dan pemetaan porositas (neutron porosity). Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode multi-atribut seismik yang diterapkan pada data seismik Lapangan LMGS diperoleh peta sebaran neutron porosity. Nilai neutron porosity yang didapatkan untuk menunjukkan suatu reservoir hidrokarbon berkisar antara 0,05 sampai dengan 0,2 dalam skala fraction.
Published: 30 November 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 191-196; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.3.191-196
Abstract:
Nanopartikel perak dapat disintesis dengan metode kimia, namun metode ini dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan karena penggunaan zat beracun. Sehingga metode biosintesis lebih diminati karena ramah lingkungan. Biosintesis nanopartikel perak dilakukan menggunakan bioreduktor ekstrak daun ketapang (Terminalia Catappa) sebagai potensi untuk penyerapan metilen biru. Nanopartikel perak adalah bahan semikonduktor yang memiliki potensi sebagai fotokatalis untuk menyerap metilen biru. Proses biosintesis berlangsung pada suhu 80 °C selama 10 menit. Hasil karakterisasi UV-Vis menunjukkan bahwa nanopartikel perak yang disintesis menggunakan perbandingan ekstrak dan larutan AgNO3 1:7 memiliki serapan panjang gelombang yang merupakan karakteristik pembentukan nanopartikel perak pada panjang gelombang 424 nm. Analisa SEM menunjukkan bahwa nanopartikel perak memiliki bentuk morfologi berupa serat nano atau nanofiber. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama waktu kontak degradasi maka semakin besar persentasi degradasi zat warna metilen biru. Nanopartikel perak mampu mendegradasi metilen biru dengan konsentrasi 25 mg/L dengan nilai efesiensi degradasi pada waktu optimum 6 jam adalah 86,13%.
Published: 30 November 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 230-237; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.3.230-237
Abstract:
Photovoltaic merupakan teknologi sel surya dalam teapannya dilapangan sangat rentan terhadap kerusakan, baik akibat korosi dan goncangan yang terjadi akibat angin. Namun hal tersebut dapat dicegah dengan menggunakan sistem pelapisan pada material kaca panel sel surya. Optimalisasi dan efisiensi dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan gap indeks kaca dan udara sekitar 1,5. Perbedaan tersebut dapat menghasilkan sekitar 92% transmisi energi cahaya dapat masuk ke dalam panel sel surya. Teknologi untuk mengurangi refleksi pada panel surya dengan menggunakan sistem pelapisan ganda yang disebut sebagai material anti-reflektif. Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji dan mengevaluasi berbagai artikel hasil penelitian material SiO2-TiO2, SiO2-ZnO dan SiO2-MgF2 sebagai pelapis antirefleksi pada sel surya yang dibuat dengan sol-gel spin coating.Metode penelitian ini menggunakan literatur review dari berbagai jurnal dan artikel penelitian terkait penggunaan bahan SiO2-TiO2, SiO2-ZnO, SiO2-MgF2. Selanjutnya artikel tersebut dianalisis dan dievaluasi untuk mengetahui apakah artikel tersebut layak atau tidak untuk dijadikan dasar fabrikasi sel surya. Selanjutnya artikel tersebut dianalisis dan dievaluasi untuk mengetahui apakah Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai transmitansi sebesar 99,7% untuk material SiO2-TiO2, SiO2-ZnO (96,1%) dan 98,9% untuk material SiO2-MgF2. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa material SiO2-TiO2 merupakan material dengan kinerja antirefleksi terbaik untuk panel solar cell, dengan demikian material tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai acuan referensi untuk penelitian lebih lanjut pada bidang teknologi panel surya.
Published: 30 November 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 204-207; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.3.204-207
Abstract:
Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang suseptibilitas magnetik dan distribusi ukuran nanopartikel magnetik pasir pantai Sungai Suci Bengkulu. Sampel disintesis menggunakan ball milling. Partikel oksida besi dan non-besi oksida dari produk ball milling dipisahkan menggunakan magnet Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB). Pengukuran induksi magnetik pada produk ball milling telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan probe magnetik Pasco. Produk NdFeB digiling selama 60 jam menggunakan kombinasi bola milling dengan diameter 0,5, 0,7 dan 1,5 cm dan produk tersebut dinamakan produk BM1. Produk ini dibagi menjadi tiga bagian yang disebut BM1A, BM1B, BM1C kemudian digiling secara terpisah selama 40 jam masing-masing menggunakan bola milling berdiameter 0,5, 0,7 dan 1,5 cm. Produk dari ball milling ini dinamakan BM2A, BM2B dan BM2C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suseptibilitas magnetik produk BM II meningkat dengan bertambahnya ukuran bola milling yaitu 9215,48 × 10-5, 10097,64 × 10-5 and 11056,86 × 10-5 untuk ukuran milling ball masing-masing 0.5, 0.7 dan 1.5 cm. Distribusi ukuran partikel dari sampel ditentukan dengan menggunakan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebaran ukuran partikel pada persentase 10% berturut-turut adalah 0,40 µm dan 1,30 µm untuk BM2A dan BM2C.
Published: 30 November 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 217-224; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.3.217-224
Abstract:
Mesoscale Convective Complex (MCC) merupakan bagian dari Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) yang karakteristiknya dapat diamati menggunakan citra satelit Himawari-8 kanal infrared. Dalam penelitian ini pengaruh MCC dihitung berdasarkan nilai estimasi curah hujan di pusat inti dan selimut awan terhadap jumlah curah hujan observasi dengan menerapkan metode Convective Stratiform Technique (CST) dan Modified Convective Stratiform Technique (MCST).CST merupakan metode estimasi curah hujan dengan pemisahan kelompok konvektif dan stratiform, sedangkan MCST merupakan modifikasi dari CST pada intensitas curah hujan dan luasan area lingkup piksel rata-ratanya. Kedua metode tersebut diverifikasi menggunakan data curah hujan observasi di Kendal dengan stasiun pengamatan yang terdekat dengan pusat inti dan selimut awan MCC. Tujuan penelitian ini yaituuntuk mengetahui pengaruh MCC di Pulau Jawa terhadap tingginya curah hujan saat kejadian banjir pada 26-27 Januari 2019 di Kendal. Hasil pengolahan estimasi curah hujan menunjukkan nilai curah hujan yang mendekati nilai observasi pada inti awan MCC 2 senilai 84,989 mm menggunakan metode CST. Meskipun nilai estimasi curah hujan di kedua metode cenderung underestimate, namun hasil verifikasi pengaruh MCC terhadap curah hujan di Kendal menunjukkan hubungan sedang hingga kuat pada metode CST dengan nilai korelasi berkisar antara 0,30 hingga 0,61. Sedangkan metode MCST berkisar antara 0,30 hingga 0,59 yang menunjukkan kategori lemah hingga sedang. Nilai error CST juga lebih kecil dibandingkan nilai error MCST dengan nilai yang berkisar antara 3,17 hingga 8,63. Sehingga metode CST lebih baik digunakan untuk mengestimasi curah hujan pada pusat inti MCC dan pusat selimut MCC.
Published: 30 November 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 197-203; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.3.197-203
Abstract:
Kelurahan Maharatu Kecamatan Marpoyan Damai di Kota Pekanbaru memilikii potensi lahan perthanian yaitu tanaman palawija.Aktivitas pertanian tersebut dapat menebabkan dampak terhadap pencemaran air bawah tanah, hal ini disebabkan karena penggunaan pupuk pada lahan pertanian yang dapat meresap kedalam sistim air bawah tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air berdasarkan parameter PH, COD, BOD, TDS, Bakteri Coli, Kekeruhan, Fe,Mn, dan Pb serta mengetahui karakteristik tanah berdasarkan porositas dan permeabilitas. Sampel air dan tanah dikumpulkan dari Jalan Kartama, Kelurahan Maharatu, Keamatan Marpoyan Damai, Kota Pekanbaru.Sampel air diambil dari satu sumber dan sampel tanah di ambil 5 titik pengamatan yang mewakili lahan pertanian pada kedalaman 10 cm. Analisis kualitas air dan karakteristi tanah bersifat deskriptif analitik, sedangkan hubungan antara karakteristik porositas dan permeabilitas dianalisis dengan analisis korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air untuk semua parameter tergolong baik kecuali parameter PH yang bernilai 3,86 dan bersifat asam. Karakteristik tanah menunjukkan bahwa nilai porositas terbesar yaitu 38,26% dan nilai porositas terkecil 22,0 % sedangkan nilai permeabilitas tanah maksimum yaitu 9,93 cm/jam dan permeabilitas tanah minimum yaitu 1.22 cm/jam. Data keduanya menunjukkan bahwa hubungan permeabilitas dan porositas berbanding lurus, semakin besar permeabilitas maka nilai porositas juga akan meningkat.
Published: 30 November 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 173-178; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.3.173-178
Abstract:
Sumber daya air merupakan hal penting bagi masyarakat karena air merupakan kebutuhan pokok makhluk hidup termasuk manusia. Meningkatnya populasi manusia disertai dengan perkembangan sektor pembangunan mengakibatkan kebutuhan akan air bersih sangat tinggi. Di sisi lain, pencemaran lingkungan dan pemanasan global telah menyebabkan sumber air bersih di permukaan terus berkurang. Perlu dilakukan eksplorasi air tanah bawah permukaan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan terhadap air bersih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan sebaran dan kedalaman lapisan akuifer, yang berpotensi menyimpan cadangan air bawah tanah. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode geolistrik resistivitas konfigurasi schlumberger. Akuisisi data dilakukan menggunakan 16 lintasan dengan panjang masing-masing lintasan yaitu 200 m. Pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak Res2Dinv dan perangkat lunak Surfer. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari 16 lintasan pengukuran, lapisan akuifer yang dapat diinterpretasi mengandung air tanah terletak antara 1035’50’’ - 1036’40’’ Lintang Selatan dan 103030’50’’ - 104031’40’’ Bujur Timur mengarah ke selatan dengan kedalaman 50 - 100 meter.
Published: 30 November 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 225-229; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.3.225-229
Abstract:
Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang suseptibilitas magnetik dan komposisi partikel magnetik pasir alam Sungai Rokan, Provinsi Riau sebagai fungsi kecepatan putar tabung ball milling. Sampel dikeringkan terlebih dahulu dibawah sinar matahari sebelum dilakukan pemisahan antara partikel magnetik dengan partikel non magnetik menggunakan Iron Sand Separator, hasil ini disebut dengan produk ISS. Produk ISS di milling dengan kecepatan putaran tabung milling yang berbeda yaitu 100, 150, and 200 rpm dengan bola besi berdiameter 2,0 cm. Produk yang diperoleh dari ball milling kemudian dipisahkan partikel magnetik dan non magnetik menggunakan magnet Neodimium Iron Boron (NdFeb), hasil ini disebut dengan produk ball milling(produk BM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa suseptibilitas magnetik produk ISS memiliki nilai 1.930,771 × 10-5, sedangkan nilai suseptibilitas magnetic produk ball milling meningkat seiring dengan kenaikan kecepatan putar tabung, yaitu 28.188,141 × 10-5, 31.136,137 × 10-,5 and 33.123,550 × 10-5 untuk kecepatan putar 100, 150, and 200 rpm. Hasil identifikasi XRF menunjukkan unsur magnetik Fe meningkat dari 13,777% menjadi 27,064%, sedangkan unsur non magnetik Si mengalami penurunan dari 58,401% menjadi 42,920%.
Published: 30 November 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 167-172; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.3.167-172
Abstract:
Pembangkit energi listrik Thermoelectric Generator tipe 10W-4V-40s bekerja melalui perbedaan suhu dikedua sisinya. Sisi panas (Th) dari sebuah elemen TEG diletakan pada dudukan yang terbuat dari bahan Alumunium Dural dan diberi sumber panas yang berasal dari kolektor surya parabola, pada sisi dingin (Tc) elemen TEG dipasang heatsink guna mengurangi energi panas yang menembus sisi dingin serta menjaga suhunya agar tetap rendah, hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa Kolektor surya parabola dalam penelitian ini mampu menghasilkan suhu maksimum sebesar 64,2 °C. Tegangan Voc maksimum yang dihasilkan dari penelitian adalah sebesar 1,087 V selain itu tegangan beban Vo terhadap variasi hambatan beban RL pada suhu Th 40 °C dan suhu sisi dingin Tc 32 °C adalah 459, 47 mV pada RL 20 Ω., arus beban maksimum yang diperoleh adalah 125,97 mA pada RL 0,5 Ω dan cendrung turun seiring bertambahnya RL yaitu sebesar 23,63 mA pada RL 20 Ω. Nilai tegangan VL dan IL paling besar terletak pada saat receiver berada pada ketinggian 17,5 cm atau tepat berada pada titik fokus reflektor, yaitu sebesar 120,90 mV dan 31,87 mA dengan ∆T sebesar 25 °C.
Published: 31 July 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 159-166; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.2.159-166
Abstract:
Lindi merupakan hasil degradasi sampah pada lokasi Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) dapat meresap ke dalam tanah hingga mencemari sumber air tanah. Telah dilakukan penelitian pengukuran geolistrik resistivitas yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi adanya rembesan serta penyebaran lindi di sekitar TPA. Penelitian dilaksanakan di sekitar TPA Muara Fajar Pekanbaru dengan menggunakan konfigurasi Dipole-Dipole pada dua lintasan dengan panjang lintasan 133 meter dan 100 meter. Data pengukuran selanjutnya diinversi menggunakan software Res2Dinv hingga menghasilkan profil resistivitas 2D. Hasil analisis menunjukkan pada lintasan 1 terdapat sebaran lindi di kedalaman 8,86 meter, sedangkan pada lintasan 2 tidak terdapat sebaran lindi. Selain itu, hasil uji sampel lindi menggunakan metode geokimia menunjukkan bahwa lindi di TPA Muara Fajar Pekanbaru tidak memenuhi standar baku mutu lindi. Hasil uji sampel kualitas air sumur warga di sekitar TPA masih sesuai dengan kualitas air bersih, dikarenakan rembesan lindi belum sampai ke pemukiman warga.
Published: 31 July 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 124-130; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.2.124-130
Abstract:
Kelurahan Tangkerang Tengah adalah salah satu lokasi perumahan dengan kawasan padat penduduk serta memiliki litologi gambut. Kondisi tersebut dapat menimbulkan dampak pencemaran air bawah tanah yaitu akibat limbah domestik dari perumahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pola penyebaran dan kualitas air bawah tanah di kelurahan Tangkerang Tengah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode geolistrik konfigurasi Wenner dan geokimia dengan mengalisa parameter pH, kekeruhan, TDS, konduktivitas dan salinitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di daerah studi pada lintasan pertama terdapat 5 lapisan dengan akuifer berada dilapisan ketiga pada kedalaman 9,26 – 17 meter sedangkan pada lintasan kedua juga terdapat 5 lapisan dengan akuifer berada dilapisan keempat pada kedalaman 13,5 – 19,8 meter. Berdasarkan hasil uji parameter geokimia dapat dikatakan bahwa air bawah tanah dilokasi penelitian menunjukkan dua parameter yang tidak sesuai dengan standar baku mutu yang ada pada Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No. 32 Tahun 2017 yaitu nilai pH < 6,5 dan salinitas > 0,5 ppt.
Published: 31 July 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 137-145; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.2.137-145
Abstract:
Peningkatan literasi sains siswa Indonesia membutuhkan metode pembelajaran yang standar, salah satunya mengunakan metode pembelajaran dengan alat demo atau alat laboratorium. Namun penyediaan alat tersebut oleh sekolah belum optimal karena pendanaan yang kurang. pelajaran Fisika tingkat SMA khususnya kelas X atau XI membahas tentang optik geometri. Kit alat optik geometri yang ekonomis diperlukan untuk menunjang hasil belajar siswa pada materi tesebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat kit optik geometri yang ekonomis dan sederhana berbasis laser untuk percobaan optik geometri. Kit tersebut yang terdiri dari laser dioda dengan panjang gelombang 650 nm dan daya 5 mW, tangki pembiasan akrilik, skala sudut berbentuk melingkar. Percobaan yang dilakukan adalah pengunaan Hukum Snelius pada medium udara-air, menentukan indek bias cairan, dan sudut kritis. Pada penelitian ini, modul percobaan digunakan pada siswa MAN 1 Padang Lawas, Kecamatan Barumun, Sumatera Utara. Beberapa uji yang dilakukan yaitu uji kelayakan alat, uji praktikalita kit optik geometri, dan uji efektifitas penggunaan Kit Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X. Hasil rata-rata semua aspek uji kelayakan menghasilkan skor 96,25%. Hasil uji praktikalitas adalah 85,00 %. Untuk uji efektifitas penggunaan kit adanya perbedaan hasil pre-test dan post-test pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol dimana pada kelas eksperimen rata-rata nilai siswa dari 32,83 pada saat pre-test menjadi 73 setelah post-test, sementara hasil pre-test kelas kontrol dari rata-rata 31,83 menjadi 68 setelah dilakukan post-test
Published: 31 July 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 146-150; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.2.146-150
Abstract:
Salah satu sistem panas bumi yang terdapat di Riau adalah di Desa Pawan, Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Sistem panas bumi ini tersimpan dalam batuan dibawah permukaan bumi, sehingga perlu melakukan survei sumber air panas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa nilai resistivitas bawah permukaan dan mengidentifikasi lapisan batuan dibawah permukaan yang ada di objek wisata air Panas Pawan. Metode yang digunakan adalah geolistrik konfigurasi Wenner. Hasil yang diperoleh pada lintasan I memiliki nilai resisitivitas berkisar antara 9,15 – 10 Ohm-meter diidentifikasi sebagai air panas. Air panas ini terletak pada kedalaman 0,75 – 2,25 meter. Lapisan kedua memiliki nilai resistivitas berkisar antara 10 – 98,2 Ohm-meter yang berada pada kedalaman 3,82 meter yang diidentifikasi adanya lempung. Lapisan ketiga memiliki nilai resisitivitas berkisar antara 100 – 1.054 Ohm-meter yang berada pada kedalaman bervariasi, yaitu 5,5 – 7,46 meter yang diidentifikasi adanya batu pasir. Kesimpulan dapat diambil adalah bahwa metode geolistrik Wenner telah berhasil diterapkan untuk mengidentifikasi lapisan batuan didaerah prospek panas bumi.
Published: 31 July 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 99-105; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.2.99-105
Abstract:
Carbon quantum dot (CQD) merupakan material karbon semikonduktor dengan ukuran lebih kecil dari 10 nm. CQD memiliki banyak manfaat di bidang sensor, LED, pengiriman obat, industri biomedis, fluoresensi, sel surya, dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini mensintesis CQD dengan metode naik turun menggunakan radiasi gelombang mikro. Sampel yang berasal dari asam sitrat diberi 1 gr, 1,7 gr, 2,4 gr, dan 3,2 gr variasi urea. Selanjutnya sampel diuji menggunakan spektroskopi ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) dan spektroskopi fluoresensi. Hasil pengujian dianalisis untuk mengetahui sifat optik yang terdiri dari jumlah serapan, energi gap, intensitas fluoresensinya. Spektrum UV-Vis CQD membentang antara 300 nm dan 822 nm. Panjang gelombang eksitasi fluoresensi berkisar dari 360 – 800 nm. Energi gap CQD yang ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode touch plot adalah 2,3 eV dan 2,4 eV.
Published: 31 July 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 106-110; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.2.106-110
Abstract:
Salah satu sistem panas bumi yang terdapat di Riau adalah Desa Pawan, Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Sistem panas bumi itu tersimpan dalam batuan yang terletak di bawah permukaan bumi, sehingga perlu diidentifikasi litologi bawah permukaannya. Tujuan riset ini adalah menganalisa litologi lapisan batuan yang ada di objek wisata Air Panas Pawan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu geolistrik Konfigurasi Dipole-Dipole. Hasil yang diperoleh pada lintasan II memiliki resistivitas berkisar antara (30,7 – 149) Ohm-meter yang diidentifikasi sebagai akumulasi air yang diapit lapisan lempung. Lapisan ini terletak pada kedalaman (0,7 – 8,71) meter. Lapisan kedua memiliki resistivitas berkisar antara (328 – 722) Ohm-meter yang berada pada kedalaman bervariasi, yaitu (0,6 – 10,8) meter yang diidentifikasi adanya pasir. Lapisan ketiga memiliki resistivitas berkisar antara (1.500 – 7.713) Ohm-meter yang berada pada kedalaman (0,7 – 15,7) meter yang diidentifikasi adanya batu pasir. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah bahwa metode geolistrik Dipole-Dipole telah berhasil diterapkan untuk mengidentifikasi litologi bawah permukaan di daerah prospek panas bumi.
Published: 31 July 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 111-123; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.2.111-123
Abstract:
Penemuan fiber Bragg grating (FBG) merupakan tonggak awal perkembangan teknologi serat optik, seperti pada komunikasi optik hingga pemantauan struktur kesehatan material sebagai sensor. Untuk komunikasi optik komponen FBG mampu memfilter sinyal-sinyal tertentu. Dalam sensor optik FBG memiliki sensitivitas yang tinggi kebal terhadap interferensi gelombang elektromagnetik, ukuran yang kecil dan tahan terhadap konidis lingkungan yang ekstrim. Sensitivitas sensor FBG diperoleh dari pergeseran puncak panjang gelombang Bragg tiap besaran suhu dan regangan. Walaupun demikian kinerja sensor FBG dapat ditingkatkan dengan merekayasa distribusi indeks bias pada kisi dengan fungsi apodisasi dan chirp. Apodisasi merupakan salah satu teknik dalam meningkatkan kinerja sensor FBG dengan menghilangkan noise, mempersempit full wave half maximum, menurunkan lobus samping dari lobus utama dan memperbaiki factor riak spektrum. Selain apodisasi fungsi chirp juga berpengaruh terhadap sensitivitas sensor dan distribusi indeks bias pada kisi. Eksperimen numerik dilakukan dalam merancang komponen FBG sebagai sensor dengan menggunakan apodisasi Gaussian dan bahan Topas cyclic olefin copolymer untuk beberapa fungsi chirp. Diperoleh hasil bahwa FBG Topas apodisasi Gaussian untuk semua fungsi chirp sebagai sensor regangan memiliki sensitivitas yang sama yaitu 0.84 pm/µstrain sementara untuk sensor suhu diperoleh sensitivitas tertinggi pada cubic root chirp 13,82857 pm/°C diikuti oleh square chirp 13,74286 pm/°C, Quadratic chirp 13,71429 pm/°C dan Linear Chirp 13,4 pm/°C pergeseran panjang gelombang Bragg lebih besar untuk 1 °C daripada untuk 1 µstrain.
Published: 31 July 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 151-158; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.2.151-158
Abstract:
Pendeteksian jantung masih terus berkembang karena persoalannya serius terhadap perilaku hidup manusia sehingga perlu upaya untuk mencari jalan lain untuk lebih mudah mendeteksi jantung. Saat ini pendeteksian jantung dapat dilakukan tanpa harus pergi ke rumah sakit seperti dengan menggunakan ponsel, jam tangan, dan lain-lain. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) banyak juga digunakan untuk mendeteksi jantung, karena bisa diterima dalam bentuk tekanan yang mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan regangan. FBG dipilih karena memiliki sensitivitas yang tinggi terhadap regangan. Pendeteksian denyut jantung dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara seperti menggunakan teleskop, namun dengan menggunakan FBG memiliki tingkat akurasi yang tinggi dan sensitif terhadap regangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengukur perubahan daya keluaran pada FBG serta menganalisa pengaruh perubahan regangan pada FBG oleh getaran loudspeaker. Panjang gelombang Bragg yang digunakan adalah 1310 nm dan 1550 nm dengan daya 1 mW sebagai sumber laser dioda serta keluaran diukur dengan optical power meter. Perubahan daya keluaran tertinggi pada panjang gelombang Bragg 1310 nm senilai dengan 0,736 µW, sedangkan pada panjang gelombang 1550 nm senilai dengan 0,009 µW. Pergeseran panjang gelombang Bragg tertinggi pada panjang gelombang Bragg 1310 nm senilai 0,598 nm, sedangkan pada panjang gelombang Bragg 1550 nm senilai 0,552 nm. Perubahan regangan tertinggi pada panjang gelombang Bragg 1310 nm senilai 576,186 µε, sedangkan pada panjang gelombang Bragg 1550 nm senilai 432,113 µε. Ini menunjukkan bahwa respon pada panjang gelombang Bragg 1310 nm lebih sensitif daripada panjang gelombang Bragg 1550 nm.
Published: 31 July 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 131-136; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.2.131-136
Abstract:
Pengukuran suhu merupakan salah satu parameter penting dalam jaminan mutu suatu produk. Jaminan mutu akurasi termometer sangat penting dan krusial dalam proses produksi. Akurasi termometer memerlukan ketertelusuran ke satuan ukur standar internasional melalui proses kalibrasi rutin. Metode kalibrasi termometer yang ada menggunakan chamber/bath yang terkontrol suhu dan perlu stabilitas suhu tinggi. Chamber/bath di pasaran relatif mahal dan proses kalibrasi suhu memerlukan waktu yang lama karena pada setiap set point harus ditunggu stabilitasnya. Dalam penelitian ini kalibrasi termometer dilakukan dengan membandingkan pembacaan termometer yang dikalibrasi dengan termometer standar dan menggunakan persamaan regresi kalibrasi untuk menentukan nilai standar error of estimate (SEE). Persamaan regresi menggunakan metode invers dan klasik masing-masing dengan linear equation, polynomial equation dan power equation. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan kalibrasi termometer digital dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan bath yang tidak terkontrol suhu yaitu hanya dengan melakukan komparasi pembacaan antara termometer standar dan termometer yang dikalibrasi dengan cara mencatat setiap kenaikan suhu yang ada. Untuk evaluasi ketidakpastian kalibrasi termometer digital diperoleh nilai SEE terkecil pada persamaan power yaitu 0,001. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam setiap jenis regresi dan hasil ketidakpastian baku gabungan 0,16 pada suhu 37 °C menggunakan regresi linear.
Published: 31 July 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 93-98; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.2.93-98
Abstract:
Pertumbuhan industri yang sangat pesat di Desa Rimbo Panjang memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Industri SPBU dapat menimbulkan dampak pada pencemaran air bawah tanah karena peristiwa kebocoran pada penampungan maupun tumpahan. Tingkat pencemaran air akan beresiko lebih besar karena di daerah Rimbo Panjang berlitologi gambut. Metode yang dilakukan adalah survei geolistrik aturan Schlumberger dengan dua lintasan sedangkan untuk menentukan kualitas air bawah tanah digunakan metode geokimia dengan menganalisis parameter kekeruhan, pH, TDS, konduktivitas dan salinitas. Hasil yang diperoleh dari geolistrik menunjukkan bahwa Desa Rimbo Panjang memiliki lima lapis dengan akuifer berada di lapisan ke lima pada lintasan satu dan lapisan ke tiga pada lintasan dua. Sedangkan nilai parameter kimia, nilai kekeruhan, TDS, konduktivitas dan salinitas tergolong baik namun parameter pH tergolong asam. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa kualitas air di Desa Rimbo Panjang masih belum layak dikonsumsi karena litologi yang gambut dan kegiatan di SPBU tidak berdampak pada lingkungan.
Published: 31 March 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 18-21; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.1.18-21
Abstract:
This research has been worked in the Graha Mustamindo Permai 3 Housing area, Rimba Panjang Village, Tambang District. This research been thorough to calculate the value of measured rock resistivity in Graha Mustamindo Permai 3 Housing and analyze rock layer types through rock resistivity values at Sepakat street, Rimba Panjang, Riau. The method using in this research is geoelectric resistivity of the Dipole-dipole configuration, two lanes with the same length of 100 meters are used and spacing between electrodes is 7 meters. The data obtained were processed using Res2Dinv software version 3.54.44. The data result that obtained show two differences trajectories in Rimba Panjang Village has varying resistivity, namely in the first lane around 1.595 Ωm to 2,762 Ωm and in the second lane 1.594 Ωm to 5,879 Ωm. Groundwater potential in the first and second lanes is quite large and is thought to be in a free aquifer so that it is easy to drill.
Published: 31 March 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 88-92; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.1.88-92
Abstract:
The electrical energy crisis occurs due to the availability of non-renewable sources of electrical energy. The focus of research is currently developing on how to store electrical energy using biomass energy. This study aims to analyze the electrochemical properties of the palm frond based carbon electrode using electrolyte solution of Na2SO4. Pre-carbonization of palm fronds was carried out using an electric oven with a temperature of 100 °C – 250 °C for 2 hours. Chemical activation using KOH activating agent with a concentration of 0.3 M at 80 °C for 2 hours. Carbonization was carried out at a temperature of 600 °C using an N2 gas environment and followed by a chemical activation process using CO2 gas at a temperature of 850 °C for 2.5 hours. Na2SO4 with a concentration of 0.5 M is used as a solution in the manufacture of supercapacitor cells. The scanning rate is inversely proportional to the specific capacitance value generated. Characterization of electrochemical properties was carried out using the cyclic voltammetry method resulting in a specific capacitance value of 61.71 F/g for a scan rate of 1 mV/s, 57.93 F/g for scan rate of 2 mV/s and 51.37 F/g for scan rate of 5 mV/s.
Published: 31 March 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 42-47; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.1.42-47
Abstract:
Magnetic properties and morphology of natural sand has been carried out in Logas Village, Kuantan Singingi Regency have been determined. Iron sand samples were processed using iron sand separator (ISS) prior to ball milling for separating between magnetic and non magnetic particles. The product of ISS was milled for 90 hours using ball milling first step method with milling ball size of 1.5 cm. Themagnetic and non-magnetic particles of ball milling products were separated using Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) magnet. The product of ball milling first step then was milled for another 30 hours with milling ball size of 0.5 cm and 0.7 cm. The susceptibility and mass susceptibility were determined based on magnetic induction of a selenoid measured using Probe Magnetic Pasco PS-2162. The composition of Logas natural sand was measured using x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The morphology of the magnetic particles are determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the particle size of natural sand for 90 hours + 30 hours milling displays the particle sizes from 100 µm to 800 µm. As for the particle size of the samples synthesized with 90 hours + 30 hours for 0.7 cm milling ball size, the particles are almost evenly distributed, which is about 5 µm to 100 µm. The content of Fe and Ti in the sample has increased while for Si has decreased. Mass susceptibility increases with increasing ball milling time and ball milling size.
Published: 31 March 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 12-17; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.1.12-17
Abstract:
Research on mapping the value of magnetic susceptibility and determination of metal content in peat water in Tuah Madani Village, Tampan District, Pekanbaru has been carried out. Samples were taken with each distance 50 meters to the north and east at 64 different points of 150 ml. The results of the calculation of susceptibility with the Quincke method obtained the lowest susceptibility value of 1.551 × 10-5 and the largest of 1.760 × 10-5. AAS test results and susceptibility calculations indicate that the peat water under study is paramagnetic. Mapping of magnetic susceptibility was carried out using the surfer 11 application while determining the metal content using AAS. The sample density was measured to produce values at intervals of 989,000 kg/m3 to 998,000 kg/m3. AAS test results were carried out on five samples chosen based on the value of magnetic susceptibility with the measured parameters namely Mn, Zn, Cr and Mg. Based on the standard threshold value of heavy metals as pollutants, it is known that the content of Mn, Zn, Cr and Mg. Mg in this peat water sample is still categorized as safe because it has not exceeded the standard threshold so it is suitable to be in the environment and not pollute the environment. Testing the parameters most contained in the sample are Mg.
Published: 31 March 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 69-74; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.1.69-74
Abstract:
Indonesia is a country that has an area of + 14 million hectares of peatlands. Utilization of Indonesia's peatlands is used in various sectors such as plantation and agriculture which increase income in the economic sector so the importance of peatland management. Measurement of the water level in peat is very necessary to maintain the stability of the TMA (water level) of the peat, which is 40 cm. This study uses the ultrasonic sensor HCSR-04 which has a resolution of 0.3 cm with a measurement range of 2 cm to 4 m and is coupled with the Arduino Unowhich is open source so that measurements can be carried out directly using the serial monitor on Arduino-uno. The ultrasonic sensorHCSR-04 is made on a prototype that will be used in TMA measurements both in the field and on a laboratory scale. The measurements show very accurately results with measurement errors 1.2 % with measurements from 100 – 500 mm. measurement error for water temperature variations of 30 ºC, 35 ºC,and 40 ºC is 1.8%, 6% and than 10%.
Published: 31 March 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 75-80; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.1.75-80
Abstract:
Energy is one of the basic needs in the human life cycle. Energy sources that are often used are non-recyclable energy sources, so a new innovation is needed in overcoming the energy crisis problem by using renewable natural materials, one of which is efforts to make energy storage components made from activated carbon.Activated carbon is a type of carbon that has a large surface area. Activated carbon can be applied as an activated carbon electrode such as lithium ion batteries and supercapacitor. Electrode in this study were produced from sugar palm midrib biomass. The electrodes production utilized chemical activation using Kalium Hydroxyde with various percentage of 5%, 10%, and 15% which of PA-05, PA-10, and PA-15 recpectively. Aktivated carbon electrodes were prepared through a pre-carbonization, chemical activation, carbonization process using N2 gas at temperature 600 °C and followed by physical activation using CO2 gas at temperature 900 °C. Analysis using XRD for microstructure show semicrystalline structure for the activated carbon electrodes which is by the presence of peaks at angel of 2θ around 24° and 44° with respectively crystal orientation (002) and (100).
Published: 31 March 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 64-68; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.1.64-68
Abstract:
Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is made with a layer arrangement of fluorine tin oxide (FTO), zinc oxide (ZnO), dye, electrolyte, and plastisol. ZnO nanorods which play a role as photoanode in DSSC have been successfully grown on FTO substrate using seed mediated hydrothermal method at temperature of 90ºC for 8 hours. Modification was made to increases the efficiency of DSSC by adding silver (Ag) with concentration of 5 mM into dye molecules. ZnO characterization was performed using ultra violet-vissible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The strongest UV-Vis absorbance spectrum with the optimum absorbance for the ZnO sampel was occurred at the wavelength range of 300 – 360 nm. Meanwhile, for the ZnO sample with addition of 5 mM Ag into dye molecule was occurred at the wavelength range of 440 – 530 nm. FESEM image of the sample shows the as-synthesized ZnO nanorods have hexagonal cross section. I-V characteristics in the light mode was carried out to determine the efficiency of DSSC using a halogen lamp with an intensity of 100 mW/cm2. The efficiency of DSSC using ZnO with addition of 5 mM Ag into dye molecule is 0.462%, increases compared to the efficiency of DSSC using ZnO without addition of Ag into dye molecule which only produce 0.45% efficiency. These results indicate that the addition of Ag can increase the efficiency of DSSC.
Published: 31 March 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 81-87; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.1.81-87
Abstract:
Wi-Fi signal is an electromagnetic wave which in its transmission does not require an intermediary medium used in communication. But the intensity of the signal is influenced by the media it passes through. So in this article we will investigate how the signal propagation in a room is affected by the thermodynamic function. The treatment carried out is to show how the source point, namely the router and the receiver, namely the receiver, where later what is investigated is the trip to the position function, then a measurement will be carried out at that position which depends on changes in temperature and humidity in a closed room which is limited to the study. The source studied in the study was the signal strength intensity on the position, humidity and temperature functions. What is analyzed is the process of wave fluctuation at a certain time with varied data which will later be compared with other experimental results as a comparison, and will also show the signal intensity contour under normal conditions and conditions when the disturbance occurs.
Published: 31 March 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 29-34; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.1.29-34
Abstract:
Determination of magnetic properties and magnetic particle size of sand from Kata Pariaman Beach, West Sumatera have been carried out using Pasco Magnetic Probe and scanning electron microscope (SEM) method. Sand samples that have been dried beforehand are then synthesized using two stage ball milling, namely 40 hours first stage, and second stage as a function of 10, 20, 30, and 40 hours with an iron ball with a diameter of 1.5 cm. The results showed that the value of magnetic susceptibility and mass susceptibility increases as milling time increases. The magnetic and mass susceptibility values obtained included iron oxide particles such as Magnetite Fe3O4, hematite and maghemit with a value interval of 20,000 to 110,000. The results of the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) test showed the composition of Fe and Ti increased after ball milling, while other elements such as Si decrease. The results of the study particle size by SEM had a small size with increasing ball milling time from 10, 20, 30, and 40 hours.
Published: 31 March 2021
Journal: Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 48-57; https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.1.48-57
Abstract:
Forest fires in Riau Province are the biggest contributor to air pollution that spreads to the urben area of Pekanbaru. PM10 is one of the most dangerous elements contained in forest fire smoke. This study aims to map areas that have accumulated the spread of PM10 in the city of Pekanbaru. This research has been carried out using a data interpretation methodology using data on the value of PM10, rainfall, air temperature, humidity, wind direction and wind speed in the form of monthly data from 2015 – 2019. Data processing is carried out using Microsoft office excel 2017, SPSS, surfer 17, google earth pro. The result of the analysis there is a significant effect of wearther parameters on PM10. Wind speed has a strong influence on the spread of PM10. Mapping of wind distribution patterns and distribution patters of PM10 in sub-district Limapuluh every year and the wind direction accoriding to the wrplot flower chart always goes to sub-direction Limapuluh.