| Heavy metals ( HMs) are harmful and lethal at negligible levels and non-biodegradable in the typical ecosystem and constitutes animal, human and environmental hazards. They are divided into toxic metals like Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, etc. and essential elements like copper, zinc, manganese, iron, nickel and chromium. Additionally, could be categorized into two groups based on the natural and anthropogenic sources releasing origins. Population and industrial expansion led to food contamination with HMs. Poisonous metals can be transferred from irrigation water to agricultural soils, agricultural operations, air pollution, animal feed, and packaging materials. Toxic metals are non-biodegradable, non-thermos degradable, and exceedingly stable in the ecosystem; as a result, they quickly build in various foods. Metal pollution of many foods, including agricultural commodities, and animal protein sources such as fish, milk, meat, and eggs, poses a hazard to food safety and security. Toxic metal pollution of irrigation water, agricultural soils, plants, and animals result in their integration into the food chain, posing a health hazard to humans. Most metals are harmful to animals and humans and accumulate in several organs like the skeleton, hepatic tissue, spleen, and renal tissues. Metals have a deleterious impact on the production of plants and animals. As a result, several remediation strategies have become necessary to limit the hazardous HMs pathway into the food chain and the human body. Metal nanoparticles are employed in beneficial applications, although they are associated with specific hazards.

| Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) causes severe disease in cats, as well as in a variety of wild carnivores including many endangered animals. Regular appearance of the virus increases the importance of evaluating the percentage of identity in relation to vaccine commercially used, detecting sequence changes related to virus virulence or tropism. In this study Fifty-seven fecal samples were collected from suspected cases of cats. 19 fecal samples were positive using Rapid FLV Ag test kits kit (VDRG FLV/FIV Ab rapid kit). Fifty-seven blood samples of the same animals were subjected for hematological examination to investigate the severity of leukopenia. Thirteen out of nineteen samples were positive with a polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) targeting VP2 gene. Three positive fecal samples in animal showing sever and moderate leukopenia were successfully sequenced Partially. Sequence analysis results showed no variation in their sequence across all isolates when compared to the published FPV genome, which could imply that FPV appears to be in genomic stasis as compared to other Parvoviruses. Genomic stasis appears among the three Egyptian samples in this study under the GenBank accession number OP594200, OP574201, and OP574202, in addition to the high similarity of the isolates the vaccine strains of EU498680 and EU498681.No amino acid substitution was detected.

| This study investigated the biochemical composition of a hybrid, crossbred between Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (PH) (♀) and Pangasius nasutus (PN) (♂), denoted as hybrid PH×PN, in comparison to its parents’ species in terms of proximate compositions, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles. The results revealed that the biochemical composition of hybrid PH×PN was comparable with either one of its parents’ species. The crude lipid and total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were significantly higher in hybrid PH×PN and P. hypophthalmus. Also, crude protein and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) were higher in the hybrid PH×PN and P. nasutus. However, there were no significant differences recorded between the hybrid and its parents for omega-3 (n-3PUFA), total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3, EPA) and (C22:5n-3, EPA). Likewise, the total essential amino acids (EAAs) was significantly higher in hybrid PH×PN and P. nasutus. In summary, certain components did not deviate much from either of their parents’ species or even enhanced in the hybrid compared to P. nasutus. Therefore, the production of this hybrid could be an alternative to meet the market demand for P. nasutus.

| Swamp forage is an alternative feed for ruminants due to as a source of nutrients and phytochemicals (tannins and saponins), including water mimosa, giant molests, and water chestnuts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of swamp forages combination in the ration on the characteristics of rumen fermentability and methane production. The design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments given were A (guinea grass and concentrate, 7:3), B (guinea grass, water mimosa and concentrate, 4:3:3), C (guinea grass, giant molest and concentrate, 4:3:3), D (guinea grass, water chestnut, and concentrate, 4:3:3). The value of dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), pH, N-Ammonia (N-NH3), total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), partial VFA, and methane production, total bacteria, and protozoa were the variables observed. The results showed that the combination of swamp forage could increase (p<0.05) DMD, OMD, TVFA, partial VFA, and total bacteria, while N-NH3, methane production, and protozoa decreased. It was concluded that the combination of water mimosa in the ration was the best composition in increasing DMD, OMD, total bacteria, and rumen fermentability and reducing methane production.

| In recent years, Salvia officinalis has been a subject of intensive studies to document its traditional use and to find new biological effects. Numerous studies have been carried out in this contest and most of them were interested in Salvia officinalis extract’ effects and not many explored the biological activities of Salvia officinalis essential oil, especially the ones related to the central nervous system. The Purpose of this study is to investigate the acute toxicity of salvia officinalis essential oil in female Wistar rats, and to explore the antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects and memory enhancing of the safe dose of this essential oil. In this experiment, salvia officinalis essential oil was administered once by oral gavage to four groups of female Wistar rats (n=6) at three different doses; 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/kg. During 14 days after dosing, a follow-up was carried out for the mortality, food and water consumption, body weight changing and clinical signs. Biochemical parameters and organ weight were also examined. The behavior of rats was evaluated at the end of the experiment for anxiety-like and depression-like and memory. Accordingly, treatment with salvia officinalis essential oil at a dose of 2000 mg/kg showed no mortality or clinical signs, nor any changes in body, organ weights or biochemical parameters, except for mortality induced in one female rat treated with 2000 mg/kg. Furthermore, the LD50 (50% lethal dose) was determined at 3000 mg/kg. Based on these findings, the no observed adverse effect level of salvia officinalis essential oil was established to be 1000 mg/kg. Evaluation of the effect of this therapeutic dose revealed a clear anxiolytic and antidepressant actions and improved memory functioning in female Wistar rats. In conclusion, salvia officinalis essential oil produce neuroprotective activity in female rats.

| Spirulina is generally used as a nutraceutical feed supplement due to its nutrient profile, lack of toxicity, and therapeutic effects. This study aimed to explore the effect of dietary inclusion of Spirulina platensis (SPL) algae on growth, hemato-biochemical parameters, antioxidant status, and semen quality of cross-bred lambs (½ Finnish × ½ Ossime). Twenty-four lambs aged 10 months with 32.93±0.48 kg LBW were distributed into three groups (8/group). Lambs in G1 (controls) were fed a basal diet without treatment. In G2 and G3, the daily diet was supplied with 1 and 5 g SPL /kg from 10 to 15 months of age. Dietary SPL supplementation significantly increased body weight, count of red and white blood cells, packed cell volume, and serum total protein, high-density lipoproteins, testosterone, and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), and significantly decreased activity of aspartate and alanine transaminases (AST and ALT), triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very-LDL, and urea. Semen variables including semen volume, and percentages of sperm motility, livability, and abnormality as well as concentration and output of sperm cells were significantly by SPL. In serum and seminal plasma, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase significantly increased, while malondialdehyde significantly decreased in SPL groups. Based on our results, spirulina as a dietary feed additive (5 g/kg diet) could be used safely for improving growth, health, antioxidant defense system, and semen quality of growing cross-bred ram lambs from 10 to 15 months of age.

| Protein is the most expensive component of feed, resulting in economically burdensome production costs. The Maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) can be utilized as protein source feed ingredients. We aimed to analyze the implications of maggot black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) flour with various processing techniques in broiler rations. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications, each replication consisting of 5 broilers. We designed four treatments, P1 = Sundried for 2 days + grinding, P2 = Oven dried at 50°C for 7 h + grinding, P3 = Roasting at 100 °C for 15 min + grinding, and P4 = Water scalding at 96 °C for 1 min + grinding. The processing techniques can provide a comparison of price differences in each treatment and can reduce production costs with the application of as much as 11.25% in broiler rations. The oven-drying (P2) can improve the water quality, roasting (P3) can increase metabolic energy, and hot water scalding (P4) can reduce production costs and has economic value by analysis results price BEP of Rp. 25,645.35, Product BEP of 21.38 kg, IOFC of Rp. 734,032.90, R/C value of 1.44, and B/C value of 0.44.

| Rice bran is a viable feedstuff, but its use in non-ruminant feed is limited due to its high crude fiber content of 14-16%. One of the methods to reduce crude fiber is through anaerobic fermentation, which requires carbon from soluble carbohydrates such as palmyra sap and nitrogen from Non-Protein Nitrogen such as urea. This experiment aimed to evaluate the fermentation characteristics and nutrient content of rice bran fermented anaerobically for six days. This experiment used a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications. The treatments included rice bran without palmyra sap and urea (T0), rice bran with 2% urea (T1), rice bran with 10% palmyra sap (T2), and rice bran with 2% urea and 10% palmyra sap (T3). Urea was added at 2% of the rice bran weight, while palmyra sap was added at 10% of the dry matter of rice bran. Fermentation characteristics were measured by pH, NH3, and lactic acid levels, while nutrient content was measured by dry matter, crude protein content, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorus, NDF, ADF, and lignin. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed that addition of urea, palmyra sap and their mixture had a significant effect (P<0,05) on the value of pH, NH3 and lactic acid. Treatment T2 had the lowest values of pH and NH3 but had highest lactic acid. Additionally, the use of urea, palmyra sap and their mixture had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the value of dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber content of rice bran. Treatment T3 had the lowest dry matter and crude fiber content, but the highest crude protein content. The use of urea, palmyra sap and their mixture had a significant effect (P<0.05) on NDF, ADF and lignin. Treatment T3 resulted in the lowest content of NDF and ADF. In conclusion, the usage of 10% palmyra sap (T2) resulted in the lowest pH but the highest lactic acid production, while 2% urea and 10% palmyra sap (T3) had the highest crude protein and decreased the value of crude fiber, NDF and lignin of rice bran.

| Fishballs are processed food products with high water content and are easily damaged. The addition of several types of preservatives can be used as an effort to extend the shelf life of fishballs. This study aimed to study the quality of fishballs using several preservatives following fish standards during early frozen storage. A completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications was used in this experiment to create 16 experimental units. The treatments in this study were the addition of several types of preservatives with different concentrations, namely without the addition of preservatives (P1), the addition of 0.3% sodium nitrite (P2), 2.5% chitosan (P3), and 0.6% bacteriocin (P4). All samples were stored at freezing temperatures for 30 days. Data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance, and differences between treatments were analyzed using DNMRT at the 5% level. The results showed that the application of various preservatives might impact the quality of fishballs during the first 30 days of frozen storage. Even though the chemical and sensory parameters of fish meatballs without preservatives that were kept at freezing temperatures showed the count of microorganisms that had exceeded the quality standard on the early 30th day, they were still comparable to those preserved with nitrite, chitosan, and bacteriocin preservatives. Based on sensory evaluation, the fishballs for all treatments had a smooth surface, were slightly hollow and bright, tasted delicious and had somewhat product-specific flavor, and had a dense, compact, and slightly chewy texture.

| Polymorphism was detected in the neuropeptide Y (NPY), dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) genes, and their associations with egg production traits in 300 Thai native chickens were investigated. DNA was extracted from blood samples for genotyping using specific primers and restriction enzymes for each gene, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to identify the genotypes (PCR-RFLP). Three genotypes were found for each gene as BB, Bb and bb for NPY; TT, TC and CC for DRD2 and II, ID and DD for VIP. Genotype frequencies of NPY (range 0.13-0.58), DRD2 (range 0.06-0.55) and VIP (range 0.14-0.57) were reported. For the NPY gene, allele frequency of b (0.72) was greater than allele frequency of B (0.28), while for the DRD2 gene, allele frequency of T (0.26) was lower than allele frequency of C (0.74). I and D allele frequencies for VIP were 0.72 and 0.28, respectively. Statistical analysis results discovered significant associations between the three candidate genes (NPY, DRD2 and VIP). Egg production 270EN, 360EN and E_M of BB genotype were higher than bb genotype for the NPY gene (P < 0.01), while CC and TC genotypes of the DRD2 gene were associated with high 270EN, 360EN and E_M (P < 0.01). The DD genotype had higher 270EN, 360EN and E_M compared to ID and II genotypes, whereas other egg production traits were not influenced by the candidate gene. Results suggested that alleles of NPY, DRD2 and VIP genes showed potential as genetic markers for chicken egg production traits in Thai native chicken population selection programs.

| Ginkgo Biloba is a potential medicinal plant used traditionally to treat various diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Ginkgo Biloba against Genotoxicity Induced by Hyroxyurea in Mice. Forty male albino mice were randomly divided into 4 groups of ten animals. The first group received hydroxyurea (80mg/kg B. W) orally daily for 30 days, while second and third group received Ginkgo Biloba (100 mg/ kg.BW) and omega3 (150 mg/kg.BW) orally daily for two weeks of HU administration as protective and 4th group (C-ve) were considered as control negative group was given distilled water orally. After therapy by removing the bone marrow from the animal’s bone after anesthesia with ketamine+xylazine and slide preparation with Giemsa stain, experimental animals’ chromosomal abnormalities, mitotic index, and blast index were examined. In order to ascertain the protective activity of the plant extract, the mitotic index and blast index are also assessed. The results showed that the exposed group (T1) had a significantly lower mitotic index (the number of cells in mitosis per 1000 bone marrow cells) than the control group (which only drank distilled water). These results showed a significant decrease (p>0.05) of the mitotic index of (the T1) group that received hydroxyurea orally compared with the control group that received distilled water alone. On the other hand; (T2 and T3) groups that received Ginkgo Biloba and omega 3 respectively, revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the mitotic index compared with the T1 group that received hydroxyurea alone. The chromosomal aberrations results recorded a significant increase (P0.05) in the mean of chromosomal aberration in both groups (T2 and T3) that pretreated with GB extract and omega3 respectively. HU treatment caused serious CAs formations such as dicentric chromosome, Acentric, deletion, ring, and a high rate of breaks in bone marrow cells. As a results, GbE would be good candidates for administration as a supplement to decrease the Geno-toxicity side effects of a lot of chemotherapeutic agents.

| Fungal infection by dermatophytosis is a zoonotic disease distributed globally and well concern in public health. This study aimed to investigate clinical signs and the etiological agents of dermatophytosis in cats in Yogyakarta. A total of 69 cats were observed in this study. Physical examination, by using Wood’s lamp, and microscopic examination of hyphae on the skin was used for preliminary screening of dermatophytosis. Identification of fungi was conducted by scrapping area infection of the skin and then cultured on Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) for macroscopic and microscopic examination. The results of this study demonstrated that dermatophytosis in cats is characterized by the presence of multifocal alopecia, scale, pruritus, and erythema on the skin with a specific formation. The dominant clinical lesion was alopecia followed by crust and erythema, stated at 75.8%, 42.8%, and 1.86% respectively. Physical examination showed that 55 cats (79.7%) were positive fungal infections by using direct Wood’s lamp examination and skin scrappings. Moreover, the identification of agents demonstrated that 58 (84%) and 11 (16%) of cats were infected by M. canis and T. mentagrophytes, respectively. Besides clinical signs, Wood’s lamp, and microscopic examination, the gold standard for M. canis idenification is Dermatophyte Test Medium.

| Microsatellites are one option for characterizing cattle populations; that information can be used as a basis for the development and maintenance of local cattle. This study aims to evaluate genetic diversity and relationships using microsatellite markers between the populations of Gorontalo cattle in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, using 3 microsatellite markers. A total of 126 samples of local bovine blood were collected, which consisted of North Gorontalo (n=28), Gorontalo (n=52), Bonebolango (n=37), PO (n=3), and Bali (n=6), were used in this study. The Genomic DNA Mini Kits were used for DNA extraction for an analysis fragment in the microsatellite DNA region using ILSTS017, HEL13, and BM1818 primers. A total of 74 alleles were identified across entire populations. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.407±0.216 (Bali) to 0.716±0.050 (Gorontalo), and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.471±0.084 (Bonebolango) to 0.778±0.222 (PO). F statistical analysis includes FIS 0.038, FIT 0.248, and FST 0.231. The three microsatellite markers were moderate (0.25-0.5) to highly informative (PIC>0.5). The research showed that Bali cattle were distinct from all other cattle populations, while Gorontalo-Bonebolango admixture and North Gorontalo cattle were mixed with the PO cattle population. In conclusion, markers used were highly informative and polymorphic in investigating genetic diversity in Bonebolango, Gorontalo, and North Gorontalo populations, while the genetic relationship among cattle populations was divided into two main clusters, i.e., the Bali and PO populations, which closely reflect the breeding process in the research area. This information will be useful for future development and maintenance of local cattle in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia.

| The Covid-19 pandemic has been a problem in recent years. The first FDA approved drug in the treatment of this disease was Remdesivir, which, despite its many benefits, has harmful effects on the liver. Melatonin and N-acetylcysteine, two drugs that have previously been shown to protect the liver with their antioxidant properties, may reduce the hepatic toxicity induced by Remdesivir. Given that few studies have been performed on the role of oral melatonin and N-acetylcysteine on reducing the hepatic adverse effects of Remdesivir, we decided to conduct this clinical trial study. In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial study, 70 patients with Covid-19 in Besat Hospital, Tehran, Iran, during 2022, were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 35 each. Both groups were administered Remdesivir with same protocol. In this period, the first group received N-acetylcysteine 600 mg tablet twice daily and melatonin 6 mg tablet at bedtime. The second group received placebos with the same appearance. Liver enzymes of all patients were serially evaluated and then demographic and lab datas were extracted. Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test and independent t-test were used for analysis of data. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. No significant difference was seen between case and control groups regarding age, gender, BMI and severity of the disease at the time of hospital admission (P > 0.05), which shows a random classification of two groups. The mean AST, ALT, ALP and CBC of patients in case group decreased compared to the control group but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In patients with COVID-19 that received Remdesivir, oral administration of melatonin and NAC did not significantly decrease either the patients liver enzymes or CBC level in 6 day of enrolment compared with placebo. Further studies with longer duration and different doses are recommended.

| Recent attention has been grown to investigate ing Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) effects on productive and reproductive performances in mammals. The aims of the current study were designed to explore the effects of Moringa oleifera leaves given to ewes during prepartum and postpartum periods on thermo-tolerance responses, body weight gain, ovarian structures growth, blood and metabolic profiles of ewes and resulting lambs in subtropics. Fifteen ewes of body weight 49.1 ± 1.86 kg/head and 2.50 years old were allotted using complete random design to control and two M. oleifera groups (50.0 and 100.0 g/day). Relative humidity and ambient temperature were recorded and the temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated. Body weights of ewes and resulting lambs (kg) were recorded during the prepartum and postpartum periods. The small, medium and large ovarian follicles were recoded postpartum on day 18, and corpora lutea (CL) were recorded on day 21. Collection of blood samples from ewes and lambs were performed at -8 weeks and -4 weeks pre-partum, parturition, +4weeks, and +8weeks postpartum. The blood samples were analyzed for blood and metabolic profiles, liver enzymes, and minerals. The results indicated that ewes suffered from thermal stress during the study and the stress was alleviated due to M. oleifera supplementation. The body weight of ewes (p0.05) were higher in M. oleifera group compared to the control one. Ovarian structures’ development was higher in M. oleifera groups if compared to the control group. M. oleifera supplementation resulted in significant improvement in hematological (RBCs, Hb, Ht, WBCs, neutrophils, and lymphocytes) and plasma parameters (total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, urea, and minerals) of ewes and lambs. It could be concluded that M. oleifera leaves supplementation to pregnant ewes from eight weeks prepartum to eight weeks postpartum might be ameliorative for both productive and reproductive performances of ewes through modulating thermo-tolerance responses, blood and plasma parameters in subtropics.

| Fermented sugarcane shoots are used as energy sources, and fermented tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) as a forage protein source in Kacang goat rations. Avocado waste to optimize rumen bioprocessing. This research aimed to obtain good performance from Kacang goats through appropriate ration formulation based on fermented forage (sugarcane shoots and tithonia) with avocado waste. This formulation is expected to minimize the use of concentrate in the ration. This study used 16 male Kacang goats aged one year, which consisted of four groups based on body weight. The concentrate consists of rice bran, corn, palm kernel cake, salt, and minerals. The treatments were as follows: T0= 35% fermented sugarcane shoots (FSS) + 5% fermented tithonia (FT) + 0% avocado waste (AW) + 60% concentrate, T1= 35% FSS + 9.5% FT + 0.5% AW + 55% concentrate, T2= 35% FSS + 14 % FT + 1% AW + 50% concentrate, T3= 35% FSS + 18.5% FT + 1.5% AW + 45% concentrate. The parameters measured included feed consumption (dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein), nutrient digestibility (dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein), and production performance (body weight gain and feed efficiency). The result showed that the difference in ration composition had a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, and production performance. This study concluded that the combination of 35% fermented sugarcane shoots +14% fermented tithonia + 1% avocado waste (AW) +50% concentrate resulted in the best feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, and production performance of Kacang goat.

| One of the countries that conducted an integration between cattle and palm oil plantations is Indonesia. The objective of this study was to characterize the reproductive potential of Bali cows kept under palm oil fields after the application of artificial insemination (AI). This study was designed as field research that involved farmers and Bali cows reared under palm oil plantations. A total of 71 heads of Bali cows that have been calving for two consecutive times were used in the present study. The parameters measured were services per conception, length of pregnancy, the interval from calving to the first AI, the interval from calving to conception, and the calving interval. The results of this study showed that the number of services per conception (±SD) at first pregnancy of Bali cows reared under palm oil field had significantly (p0.05), respectively. It can be concluded that Bali cows raised under palm oil plantations have a good reproductive potential.

| This study aimed to evaluate the semen quality and the proportion of spermatozoa X and Y from sexed semen using the Percoll Density Gradient Centrifugation method. The quality observed included individual motility, viability, abnormalities, concentration, total motile spermatozoa, chromatin damage, intact acrosome hood of spermatozoa, and sperm capacitation. The treatments consisted of T1 = unsexed semen, T2 = sexed semen X-bearing sperm, and T3 = sexed semen Y-bearing sperm. A general linear model with three treatments and ten replications was performed in this research. The data were analyzed using a general linear model using SAS Demand on Academics, and the least significant differences were applied if there is significance. The result showed that semen quality, including individual motility, viability, abnormality, concentration, and total motile spermatozoa in sexed semen, is lower than in unsexed semen. In addition, the sexed semen had a lower percentage of intact acrosome hood and higher chromatin damage, acrosome reactions, and sperm capacitation than unsexed semen. In conclusion, the quality of unsexed frozen semen was higher than sexed frozen semen both in sexed X sperm and sexed Y sperm. While the proportion of sperm in sexed X sperm had a proportion of sperm X higher than sperm Y, indicating that Percoll Density Gradient Centrifugation can separate with an accuracy of more than 80% based on the head measurement.

| The probiotic powder can improve the value of hematology, reduce blood fat and increase the production of late-phase laying hens. The study was conducted to assess the impact of probiotic powder on the different physiological activities system of late-phase laying hens measured with hematological values and serum biochemistry. The research was carried out from March until April, 2022 at the Layer Farm Sukarapi Village, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. A total of 40 laying hens 90 weeks were randomly allocated to four treatments and five replications, with experimental Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments were, T0: probiotic powder free-control diet. T1: ration and 2 % powder probiotic, T2: ration and 3% powder probiotic, T3: ration and 4% powder probiotic. Statistically, there was no significant differences (P>0.05) in hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, leukocyte, cholesterol, and triglyceride blood levels. Meanwhile, our data showed statistically significant difference in glucose blood levels. However, the administration of powder probiotics of 3% and 4 % has improved the hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, and leukocyte levels, and decreased cholesterol, and triglyceride blood levels.

| Ninety-six crossbred ducks fed with shrimp by-products (SBP) were used in this experiment, in which four experimental diets were fed following a factorial design, with 3 replicates of 4 ducks (1:1 sex ratio) in one experimental unit. The first factor was the digestion technique (ileal and total tract digestibility) and the second factor was the diets. Four diets included a basal diet (SBP0), which consisted of fish meal 20% (FM), broken rice 80% (BR) and the other three diets, in which the content of FM was 25.0, 50.0 and 100% of the FM level in the basal diet and was replaced by ensiled shrimp by-products corresponding the SBP1, SBP2 and SBP3 diet, respectively. Daily intakes of ether extract (EE) and fiber fractions increased with increasing levels of SBP. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), and nitrogen-free extract (NFE), as well as nitrogen retention, decreased linearly with increasing SBP (P <0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility of the majority of individual amino acids was greater than their apparent ileal digestibility (P <0.05). Individual amino acid digestibility decreased linearly (P<0.05) as the dietary level of SBP increased