Results in Jurnal Natur Indonesia: 227
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Published: 6 April 2023
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 21, pp 55-62; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.21.1.55-62
Abstract:
Chlorella sp. is a microalga that can grow and develop in wastewater media, including sago liquid waste that is not utilized and becomes a pollution material. This study aims to determine the utilization of sago liquid waste organic fertilizer on the growth of Chlorella sp. This research was conducted in February 2023 at the Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Riau University. The method used was the experimental method, by applying a complete randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replicates. The treatments were as follows: T0 (control), T1 (150 ml sago liquid waste), T2 (200 ml), and T3 (250 ml). The initial density of Chlorella sp. was 250 x103 cells/ml, and cell abundance observations were made for 14 days. The parameters observed were cell abundance, specific growth rate, and water quality (temperature and pH). The results showed that the utilization of sago liquid waste affected the abundance of Chlorella sp. 150 ml concentration and gave the best results on cell abundance of 233.33 x103 cells/ml with the peak population occurring on day 9. Water quality during the study was still in the normal range and can be tolerated for the growth of Chlorella sp, namely temperature ranging from 26-31o C and pH 6.2-8.0
Published: 6 April 2023
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 21, pp 47-54; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.21.1.47-54
Abstract:
Asian redtail catfish culture activities are still constrained by the low survival rate in the seeds phase, one of the causes is cannibalism behavior. Several attempts have been made to improve the survival of these fish, and several studies have shown that turmeric powder can increase survival in several species. Based on this, this study aimed to evaluate the addition of turmeric flour with the coating method on the survival rate of Asian redtail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) seeds. This study used a completely randomized design using four treatments and was repeated three times. The treatment used was the supplemented turmeric flour to commercial feed which had a protein of 40%., the treatments were 0.0 g kg-1 (K), 2.5 g kg-1 (TK2.5), 5.0 g kg-1 (TK5.0), and 7.5 g kg-1 feed (TK7.5). The size of the Asian redtail catfish was 2.09±0.17 cm, with a stocking density of 3 L-1, and reared in an aquarium measuring 38x25x22 cm3. The study was conducted for 30 days and fed at satiation four times a day. The parameters measured were survival, cannibalism (cannibal type, cannibal index, normal death), and growth performance (absolute weight, absolute length, specific weight growth, and specific length growth). The results showed that TK5.0 was able to increase the survival rate and decrease the cannibalism index and normal death rate. Furthermore, the supplemented turmeric flour did not have an impact on the absolute weight, absolute length, specific growth rate, and specific length.
Published: 6 April 2023
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 21, pp 7-14; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.21.1.7-14
Abstract:
Growth, mortality, exploitation rate, and recruitment of Anadara granosa cockle in Rangsang Barat coastal waters were studied from July to October 2019. The objective of this research was to study growth. mortality. exploitation rate and recruitment of A granosa cockle. Sampling was done monthly at three main stations. The cockle collected from plot 1 x 1 m2 on quadrat transect. The result showed that the asymptotic length (L∞) of P. acutidens was 30.45 mm. annual growth coefficient (K) was 0.83 per year. The total mortality (Z) was 4.46 per year. natural mortalities (M) was 1.60 per year and fishing mortalities (F) was 2.86 per year. The rate of exploitation (E = 0.64) of blood clams in Rangsang Barat waters has begun to threaten sustainability. The recruitment occurred every month. the peaks occurred in July (13.83 %) dan August (13.08 %).
Published: 6 April 2023
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 21, pp 69-74; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.21.1.69-74
Abstract:
Intensive observation of gastropods, every March from the year 2008 to the year 2012, was carried out to document some indicators of gastropod extinction. The purposive sampling technic was used in this work. The physicochemical parameters of its habitat were also monitored during every sampling done. It was found that the intertidal substrate consist of sand, while the habitat parameters were more than 5,6 mg/L dissolved oxygen, pH around 7,0-7,2, salinity 30,2-32,2 ppt, temperature 28,6-29,60C, the visibility 100%. The number of species, the number of found gastropods, the abundance, and the maximum shell size of found gastropods showed decreasing from year to year, while routine collecting by the visitor and the marine organism shell collector, and the disturbance by the fisherman activities occurred. This indication showed a tendency for gastropods extinction
Published: 6 April 2023
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 21, pp 36-41; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.21.1.36-41
Abstract:
Red ginger contain antioxidant that can be used to enhance the immune system of fish. A study was conducted from September to December 2021 to understand the kidney structure of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus that fed with red ginger fermented pellets. The fermented red ginger juice was obtained by juicing 500 g of red ginger in 3L water, boiled and mixed with 175 ml molasses, 65 ml yogurt and 50 mg yeast and then was fermented for seven days. The fermented red ginger juice was obtained by juicing 500 g of red ginger in days. The fermented red ginger juice was mixed with fish feed pellets, namely T1 (150 mL/Kg), T2 (175 mL/Kg), T3 (200 mL/Kg), Cn (no red ginger juice and no infection), Cp (no red ginger juice and infection by A. hydrophila). The fish were reared in 30L aquaria. Fish sample was P. hypophthalmus fingerling (10-12 cm and 5-7 g), 10 fishes/aquarium. The fish were fed 3 time a day, adlibitum. In the 30th day, A. hydrophila was injected to the treated fish (0.1.ml of 108 cells/ml, subcutan injection). In the 14th after the infection kidney sample was collected and processed for histological study. Result shown that there were differences in kidney tissue of fish in each treatment. The worst condition was obtain in Cp, while the best was in T2. The renal structure of Cp showed abnormalities such as hemorrhage, cell necrosis, enlarged Bowman's cyst, and tubular degeneration, while the T2 kidney showed mild lesions specifically haemorrhagic. This fact indicates that fermented red ginger can improve fish immunity against A. hydrophila infection
Published: 6 April 2023
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 21, pp 42-46; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.21.1.42-46
Abstract:
The Dendrobium variety orchid is a plant that has rare potential and growth. This requires large amounts of seeds that can be propagated in vitro. This study aims to determine the effect of TDZ on the direct induction of somatic embryogenesis. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, namely media consisting of basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with growth regulator TDZ. Each treatment out of a total of seven treatments was repeated four times. The research was carried out from March 2022 to August 2022. The results showed that leaf explants (clonal) could only be induced in 2 treatments (1 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L) out of 28 experimental media treatment units. The earliest callus appeared in the 1 mg/L treatment with a growth time of 90 days after planting (DAP) and the earliest PLB appeared in the 1.5 mg/L treatment with a growing time of 45 days after planting (DAP), the percentage of explant growth that became PLB with 1.5 mg/L treatment resulted in a percentage of 20 % and the percentage of callus growth at 1 mg/L yields a percentage of 20%.
Published: 6 April 2023
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 21, pp 63-68; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.21.1.63-68
Abstract:
Various human activities to fulfill their welfare by producing food, drinks and other goods which in turn can generate solid waste and liquid waste. Solid waste often contaminates residential areas, coastal mangroves, and the aquatic environment. In addition, the mangrove coast which is used as a tourist area can also receive solid waste as a result of local activities. This study aims to identify the type and abundance of solid waste in Pangkalan Jambi Village, Bengkalis Regency. This research was conducted in Pangkalan Jambi Village, Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency. The method in this study is a survey method. Sampling technique using the quadrant transect method, each station was drawn as many as 5 transects, each transect consisted of 5 plots with a quadrant plot size of 5 x 5 m2. The data analyzed included identifying the amount of solid waste, calculating the abundance of solid waste, analyzing the differences in the type and abundance of solid waste between stations and measuring environmental parameters. The results showed that the highest abundance of solid waste was obtained during the weekend at 3.15 units/m2. The second highest was before the weekend of 2.53 units/m2, the lowest solid waste was obtained during the weekend of 2.36 units/m2. Meanwhile, the highest weight of solid waste was found in the tourist area of the Mangrove Education Center (MEC), the second highest came from the community settlements of Pangkalan Jambi Village and the lowest was in the Mangrove Area of Pangkalan Jambi Village. The types of solid waste at the research location are plastic, metal, glass, rubber, wood, cloth and others
Published: 6 April 2023
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 21, pp 75-80; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.21.1.75-80
Abstract:
Mangroves are a unique ecosystem that has an important role both bio-physically and socio-economically. Unfortunately, this ecosystem has suffered damage due to various forms of unwise use. Alternatively, the use of mangroves for ecotourism is often seen as more environmentally friendly and sustainable. On the other hand, some factors limit the success of mangrove ecotourism management. One of the most important factors is the feasibility of the mangrove itself as a capital for ecotourism. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of mangroves in two villages on Bengkalis Island as ecotourism resources and to analyze their suitability as an ecotourism attraction. Data were collected through direct observation and interviews in Kuala Alam and Pematang Duku Village in Bengkalis District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. The feasibility is analyzed using the Tourism Suitability Index (TSI) based on parameters that have been set by the TSI. The mangroves in Kuala Alam have an average cover thickness of 337 m, with a density of 300 trees/ha, which are composed of nine tree species. Mangroves in Pematang Duku have an average cover thickness of 948 m, with a density of 500 trees/ha, consisting of 14 tree species. The mangrove fauna found in the two villages is generally the same, as with the tidal pattern. The mangroves in Kuala Alam Village achieve a score of 1.75 which means they do not have tourism suitability (TSI2).
Published: 6 April 2023
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 21, pp 1-6; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.21.1.1-6
Abstract:
Pangasianodon hypophthalmus grows well in a dark tank completed with an aquaponic system. To improve the growth, a feed supplement made from Moringa oleifera might be used as it is rich in protein, vitamins A, B, C, and minerals. To understand the effect of M.oleifera addition in the feed of fish, research has been conducted in June-July 2022. M. oleifera leaves were dried and powdered and then mixed with commercial fish feed pellets. There were 4 treatments of M. oleifera dosages, namely T0 (no M. oleifera), T1 (10 g/kg), T2 (15 g/kg), and T3 (20 g/kg). The fish was reared in a 100L container (30 fishes/tank, around 4 g BW and 8 cm TL), covered with a dark-colored tarp, and completed with the aquaponic system using Ipomoea aquatica. The feed was given 2 times/day, ad libitum. Samplings were conducted once/10 days, for 40 days. Results showed that the survival of fish in all treatments was 93.3 – 98.89%. The growth of fish, however, was different. There was no difference in fish body weight (BW), total length (TL), and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed with Moringa, they were around 23.5 g BW, 5.8 cm TL, and 4.3 cm SGR respectively. While those of the control fish were 13.0 g BW, 4.23 cm TL, and 2.89% per day SGR respectively. The fish that was fed with Moringa-enriched pellets showed the highest Feed Efficiency (90.42-97.46%) and the lowest FCR (1.03 – 1.11). While in the fish that was not fed with Moringa showed the lowest FE (75.48%) and the highest FCR (1.33%). Data obtained indicate that Moringa positively improves the growth of fish as well as improving feed efficiency
Published: 6 April 2023
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 21, pp 29-35; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.21.1.29-35
Abstract:
Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat sea (KSB) is included in WPPNRI 573, including the Sawu Sea area, Indian Ocean waters, western Timor Sea, southern Java waters, and southern West Nusa Tenggara (KKP, 2014). The potential for demersal fish is in second place after pelagic fish with a total production of 103,501 tons from the potential fishery resources of WPPNRI 573 of 929,330 tons. An increase in catches that exceeds the sustainable potential value will reduce the catches of the next cycle and even have the potential for the extinction of fishery resources. So it must be overcome by making arrangements for the fishing effort to match the carrying capacity of the resource. The purpose of this study was to determine the sustainable potential of demersal fisheries and their level of utilization in West Sumbawa Regency. The methods used in the preparation of this study are field surveys and descriptive methods. The data obtained were analyzed statistically and descriptively, estimating fish stocks using the Schaefer Surplus Production Model. The results showed that the relationship between effort and CPUE obtained a linear equation y=8809-4.425x with R=0.024 which means that there is no relationship between fishing gear and catch. The catch is influenced by external factors such as seasonality and oceanographic conditions. The optimum effort value is 19,489.91 trips per year and the maximum sustainable catch is 8,584,332 kg per year. The last year's utilization rate value was 0.01% with an effort level value of 0.01%. The utilization rate is still relatively low, namely less than 100%.
Published: 6 April 2023
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 21, pp 15-20; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.21.1.15-20
Abstract:
Marine tourism is a tourism activity based on marine aspects in coastal and marine waters Pasir Jambak Beach is one of the areas that have the potential to be developed into a marine ecotourism object in Padang City. The purpose of this research was to find out the main marine ecotourism object owned by Pasir Jambak Beach, its support capability, and its development strategy. This research was conducted from July to October 2022 at Pasir Jambak Beach, Pasir Nan Tigo Village, Koto Tangah District, Padang City, West Sumatra Province. The method used was a survey method with the observation of the tourism objects that existed at Pasir Jambak beach, measuring the area large which could be utilized and interviewing the tourism businessmen. The results showed that the main marine ecotourism object of Pasir Jambak Beach is the beauty of the beach scenery with clear waters, clean, fine, and sloping sand, and the phenomenon of sunset. The total carrying capacity that can be physically accepted by Pasir Jambakbeach is 26,490 people per day with different activities and times. Based on SWOT analysis, the ecotourism development strategy for Pasir Jambak beach is: (1) Development of marine tourism with the concept of ecotourism (2) Increase tourism promotion and improve the quality of human resources through education and training. (3) Form a special team to supervise marine ecotourism development activities, and develop research and conservation potential (4) Organize counseling on the importance of environmental conservation, the dangers of pollution, natural disaster management, and the development of creative industries.
Published: 6 April 2023
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 21, pp 21-28; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.21.1.21-28
Abstract:
The Pangkal Babu Mangrove Forest has an important role in a fish habitat that is closely related to the livelihoods of fishermen so it has an overall economic relationship. This study aims to analyze the condition of mangrove forests, the triangulation relationship between mangrove forests and fish resources, and the community's economy as well as forms of local wisdom in protecting and preserving mangrove forests. This research was conducted in the Pangkal Babu Mangrove forest area, Tungkal Ilir District, West Tanjung Jabung Regency. The method in this study is a survey method. The sampling technique for the condition of the mangrove forest was using the Line Transect Plot method at 3 different stations. The data analyzed included the density of mangrove forests, fishery resources, the economy, and the local wisdom of the community. The results showed that at station I the condition of mangrove vegetation in Pangkal Babu was in moderate criteria with 1,467 trees/ha, station II was in very dense criteria with 3,367 trees/ha, and station III was in moderate criteria with 1,000 trees/ha. Fishery production for 5 years is 93,221 kg with many trips of 2,115 and a CPUE value of 44.13 kg/trip. Fishery production has exceeded the sustainable potential both biologically (MSY = 82,297 kg) and economically (MEY = 82,296 kg). The value of the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.82 or 82%, which indicates that the fluctuation in fishery production is caused by the area of mangrove forests by 82%.
Published: 12 October 2022
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 20, pp 50-54; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.20.2.50-54
Abstract:
Chaetomorpha sp. is a green algae that has anti-bacterial compounds and at certain times found very much. The purpose of this study was to see the inhibition zone produced from the ethanol extract of Chaetomorpha sp. against A. hydrophilla and Vibrio sp. This research was done in March 2022. Extraction of Chaetomorpha sp., antibacterial effectiveness testing was done at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Riau University. The method used is descriptive method. Sensitivity test was performed using the Kirby Bauer disc method. To reduce the error rate, it was repeated three times. The doses of macroalgae extract used were, doses of 100% (10,000 ppm), 90% (9,000 ppm), 80% (8,000 ppm), 70% (7000 ppm), 60% (6000 ppm), 50% (5000 ppm), 40 % (4000 ppm), 30% (3000 ppm), 20% (2000 ppm), 10% (1000 ppm) and control (Oxytetracycline). Based on the observations, it was found that the use of ethanol extract of Chaetomorpha sp. The result is able to inhibit the growth of bacteria A. hydrophilla and Vibrio sp. at the highest dose (10000 ppm) in an range of 13.5 -14.5 mm which was classified as strong category, the lowest dose was at 5000 ppm as moderate category.
Published: 12 October 2022
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 20, pp 55-63; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.20.2.55-63
Abstract:
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) contains curcumin that can be used to improve the health as well as the immune system of the fish. The health and immune system condition of the fish can be predicted based on the hematology of the fish. A study that aims to understand the effects of turmeric addition in fish feed pellets on the hematology condition of common carp has been conducted from March to May 2022. The turmeric powder was mixed well with the feed pellets and the dosages of the turmeric powder were as follows: 0 (Control, no turmeric addition), P1 (0.5 g/kg), P2 (1 g/kg), and P3 (1.5 g/kg). The fish was reared in circular plastic containers (25 L), completed with an aerator and circulation pump) for 49 days, 15 fish/ container. During the research, the fish was fed 3 times/ day, at satiation. Samplings were conducted 2 times before the treatment was applied and by the end of the experiment (the 49th day). Results show that the addition of turmeric powder in the fish feed pellets clearly affects the hematological of the fish. Fish that was fed with turmeric-enriched pellets showed a higher percentage of lymphocyte and which means that the immunity of the fish is improved. The best treatment P3 showed 81.55% lymphocyte, 6.55% monocyte, 5.44% neutrophil, and 5.44% thrombocyte. Data obtained indicate that the fish fed with turmeric pellets perform better in hematological conditions than the fish with no turmeric-enriched pellets.
Published: 12 October 2022
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 20, pp 64-72; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.20.2.64-72
Abstract:
Red ginger is a natural ingredient that contains several antibacterial compounds such as essential oils, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and zingiberene. This research was conducted from June to August 2021. The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure of the gill and liver tissue of jambal siam fish and to obtain the best dose of adding fermented red ginger to the feed before and after being challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. The method used is an experimental method using a one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatment levels and three replications, namely: Feeding without fermentation of red ginger and without being tested against A. hydrophila (Kn), Feeding without fermentation of red ginger and tested against A. hydrophila (Kp), Feeding with a dose of 150 mL/kg (P1), dose 175 mL/kg feed (P2), dose 200 mL/kg (P3). The results showed that the structure of the gill tissue of Jambal Siam fish showed damage such as hypertrophy, hyperplasia and bent lamellae. The best results were found in the P2 treatment, a dose of 175 mL/kg feed and tested against A.hydrophilla bacteria
Published: 12 October 2022
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 20, pp 35-40; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.20.2.35-40
Abstract:
A pump is a machine or device that raises liquid from a low surface to a higher surface or moves liquid from a low-pressure to a high-pressure area. A centrifugal pump is a machine or equipment used to provide energy to a fluid (liquid) based on the centrifugal force generated by a rotating impeller. So that the liquid can be moved or moved from one place to another. As it receives energy through the impeller, the fluid velocity will increase. This kinetic energy is then converted into compressive energy by the pump housing (casing) in the form of a spiral (volute) or a centrifugal pump or fixed blades (diffuser) surrounding the impeller so that the liquid exits the pump at a high speed. The maintenance method for the bilge pump auxiliary machine is carried out in 6 stages, namely, the first stage opening the filter box, the second stage removing the inner filter and filter box cover gasket, the third stage installing new anti-rust on the inside of the filter box cover, the fourth stage removing the box filter connecting faucet and the bilge pump pipeline, the fifth stage opens the connection of the pipe and the bilge pump, the sixth stage ensures that all components of the bilge pump are firmly installed and perform operational test
Published: 12 October 2022
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 20, pp 41-49; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.20.2.41-49
Abstract:
Caulerpa sp. is a green alga that grows naturally in Indonesian waters. Caulerpa sp. grows in shallow seas with calm currents and attaches to coral substrates or sand substrates and rock fragments. In Indonesia, this alga is widely used as a food ingredient. Caulerpa sp. Contains lignan which is beneficial to human health, namely its ability to prevent the growth of cancer cells. This study aims to determine the difference in the number of carotenoids in Caulerpa sp. with different light intensities using controlled containers at the Laboratory of Fish Production and Reproduction, University of Mataram. The method used was experimental with a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 30 days of maintenance. The results showed the growth of Caulerpa sp. highest in treatment D (3 light 3000 lux) with an average absolute growth of 80 g, specific growth of 0,92 %, stolon length of 6,4 cm, and the highest carotenoid content. The lowest growth value was in treatment A (1 light 500 lux) with an absolute growth value of 35 cm, specific growth of 0,44%, stolon length of 4,6 cm, formula length 2,6 carotenoid content of 0.15 mg/g
Published: 12 April 2022
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 20, pp 24-29; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.20.1.24-29
Abstract:
Invasive plants are plants that can interfere with other plant life because invasive plants use competition and harm the host they live on. Animal conservation is currently the focus of research so that biodiversity is always maintained in the National Park such as mantangan (Merremia peltata (L.) Merr.) Chromolaenaodorata (L), Stachtarpheta jamaicensis. Based on the way of life and rapid reproduction of this invasive plant, it disturbs the habitus of other plants in developing so that it can damage the food chain in the National Park. Conservation of animals in National Park must be in line with the conservation of the surrounding ecology so that the natural ecosystems in the National Parks and biodiversity are fully preserved.
Published: 12 April 2022
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 20, pp 9-14; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.20.1.9-14
Abstract:
Birds are one of the most diverse animals in the world, especially in Indonesia. Liwa Botanical Garden located in Pekon Kubu Perahu, Balik Bukit District, West Lampung Regency, is a conservation area with the theme of conservation and development of ornamental plants, representing the flora of Southern Sumatra. This research is a continuation of the collaboration between the Department of Biology and Balitbang UPTD Liwa Botanical Garden, West Lampung Regency. The presence of birds in the Liwa Botanical Garden is also a bioindicator of biodiversity for the environment in this area. By maintaining the presence of birds in the Liwa Botanical Garden means protecting their habitat and existing plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the species of birds based on the height of the perched trees in the Liwa Botanical Garden and the abundance of their species. The method used in this research is the point count with the observation time for 9 days in the morning and evening at the height of the tree in 3 different observation stations. Birds on KRL are mostly found on perches at an altitude of 2 - 7 meters, in the category of shrubs and trees, there are 19 out of 25 bird species found. The highest Relative Abundance Index (IKR) was Collocalia esculenta at 39.91% and the lowest IKR value was 7 bird species, each with 0.14% value. The conservation status of the 25 bird species based on IUCN is Least Concern (LC) and based on CITES there is one species that is included in Appendix II, namely Ictinaetus malayensis while based on the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia No. P.20 / MENLHK / SETJEN / KUM.1 / 6/2018 there is one bird species that is included in the protection, namely species Ictinaetus malayensis
Published: 12 April 2022
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 20, pp 30-34; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.20.1.30-34
Abstract:
One of the plants that have the potential as antibacterial ingredients is Rhizophora apiculata leaf because it contains secondary metabolites, such as tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids. This study aims to find out the inhibition of hot water extract of R. apiculata leaves in inhibiting the growth of Edwardsiella tarda. The research method used is an experimental method which includes sample preparation, extraction, antibacterial activity test using the Kirby-Bauer disc method and applying a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The doses used were 100% (10000 ppm), 90% (9000 ppm), 80% (8000 ppm), 70% (7000 ppm), 60% (6000 ppm), 50% (5000 ppm), 40% (4000 ppm), 30% (3000 ppm), 20% (2000 ppm), 10% (1000 ppm) and control (Oxytetracycline). The results showed that the hot water extract of R. apiculata leaves at a dose of 1000-10000 ppm gave various inhibitory diameters ranging from 6.25-10.08 mm and the clear zone formed was classified as medium
Published: 12 April 2022
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 20, pp 1-8; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.20.1.1-8
Abstract:
This study aimed to determine the effect of IB frequency using different simple aspirator on fertility, weight loss and hatchability of Payakumbuh duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestication) eggs. This study used 8 male and 20 female ducks, 90% egg production. In this study, all hatched the hatched eggs. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of: P1 is 1 x 2 days, P2 is 1 x 4 days, P3 is 1 x 6 days, P4 is 1 x 8 days; the parameters observed were fertility, weight loss and hatchability. The results of the analysis of variance showed that different AI frequencies had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the fertility of hatching eggs, but had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on weight loss and hatchability. It can be concluded that P2 had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on fertility because fertile eggs were higher than other treatments. The characteristics of Payakumbuh ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestication) spermatozoa are milky white and yellowish white, thick and watery consistency, specific odor, volume 0.24±0.05 ml, pH 7.37±0.51, mass movement +, ++ and +++, live percentage 79.06±3.68%, concentration 2.342 billion cells/ml, motility 75.00±7.56% and abnormality 12.06±0.82%. The results of the analysis of variance showed that different AI frequencies had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the fertility of hatching eggs, but had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on weight loss and hatchability. The frequency of IB 1 x 4 days had the highest fertility rate, namely 67.72 ± 7.99%. A simple Aspirator can function properly with the need for repairs and upgrades in several parts of the tool such as current source, and fan capacity
Published: 12 April 2022
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 20, pp 15-23; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.20.1.15-23
Abstract:
The research was aimed to see the effect interaction of giving tofu dregs compost and npk fertilizer to get the right dose towards growth and the highest production of purple eggplant. The research was conducted at Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, Pekanbaru. The research was conducted for 5 months, from february to june 2020. The reasearch was conducted experimentally in 2 factors. The first factor was the of tofu waste compost consists of 3 levels (0, 10 and 20 ton.ha-1). The second factor was the of NPK fertilizer (0, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1) which consist of nine treatments combination. The observed parameterswere the height of the plant (cm), the days of flowering (days), the days of harvesting (days), the fruit length (cm), the fruit diameter (cm), the number of fruits per plant (fruit), the fruit weight per fruit (g), the fruit weight per plant (g) and the fruit weight with plot (g). The data in this research was analyzed in using variance and followed by Duncan's multiple distance test at 5% level. The results showed that tofu waste compost and NPK fertilizer increased the growth of eggplant such as the height of the plant, the days of flowering, the days of harvesting, the number of fruits per plant, the fruit length, the fruit weight per fruit, the fruit weight per plant and the fruit weight with plot and does not increase fruit diameter. The giving tofu waste compost at a dose 20 ton.ha-1 and NPK fertilizer 150 kg.ha-1 gave the best eggplant growth and production until the plants were 90 DAP
Published: 15 October 2021
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 57-64; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.19.2.57-64
Abstract:
This research has been carried out in Kedundung Island Village, Central Kuantan District, Kuantan Singingi Regency. This research takes place for approximately four months starting from November 2017 until March 2018. This study aims to determine the effect of Tofu Liquid Waste as Liquid Organic Fertilizer on Plants and Production of Paddy Rice (Oriza sativa L). The parameters observed in this study include: plant height, age of flowering, age of harvest, number of productive tillers, and dry grain weight. This study aims to determine the effect of Tofu Liquid Waste as Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Production of Rice Field Crops. The design used in this study is a Non Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of one factor, namely factor A (Tofu Liquid Waste) consisting of 4 levels: A0 (control), A1 (600 mL/plot), A2 (1200 mL/plot), A3 (1800 mL/plot). The observational data from each treatment were statistically analyzed and continued with the Next Test of Honestly Significant Difference at the 5% level. The results showed that the Tofu Liquid Waste treatment had a significant influence on the parameters of observation of Plant Height, Flowering Age, Harvest Age, Number of Productive Tillers and Dry Grain Weight. The best treatments were A3 for observation of Plant Height (124.91 cm), Flowering Age (73.99 days), Harvest Age (95.74 days), Number of Productive Tillers (50.91 stems), and Dry Grain Weight (100.16 g)
Published: 15 October 2021
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 29-36; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.19.2.29-36
Abstract:
This research was carried out in March 2021 to analyze the heavy metal content of Pb and Cu in the sediment and flesh of the horn shell (Cerithidea obtusa). Sediment samples and horn shells were taken from the coastal waters of Panipahan, Panipahan Village, and Teluk Pulai Village, Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province. The method used in this research is a survey method. Sampling was determined by using purposive sampling at three different stations. The results of this study showed that the metal content of Pb and Cu was highest in sediments around residential areas (44.7150 g/g and 104.4200 g/g), while the horn shell was found in areas far from anthropogenic activities (2.4717 g/g and 8.6617 g/g). Differences in the metal content of Pb and Cu in the sediments were found between stations, while for horn shells there was no difference between stations. The metal content of Pb in the sediment did not show a significant effect (F < 0.05) Pb content in horn shells, as well as Cu. The results of the calculation of the PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake) value indicated that the horn shell in the waters is acceptable for consumption
Published: 15 October 2021
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 43-50; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.19.2.43-50
Abstract:
Rupat Strait related to the Strait of Malacca is a national and international shipping lane and makes the region affected by anthropogenic activities that result in a decrease in the quality of the waters such as the increasing amount of heavy metal content. The most easily contaminated organism of heavy metals is bivalves due to and its low mobility, bivalves being filter feeders, and the ability to accumulate contaminants,. The purpose of this study was to look at genetic changes in bivalves (P.acutidens) contaminated by heavy metals. The study was conducted from February to March 2021. Bivalve sample was collected from the waters of Rupat Strait and sample analysis was conducted in the Marine Biology Laboratory and Genetics Laboratory of Riau University. Bivalve DNA is isolated with Geneaid Tissue Genomic DNA Mini Kit. DNA isolation results were then carried out PCR process and sequencing process was carried out in PT. Genetika Science Indonesia. The results of study show that sequencing results obtained by samples derived from Selinsing have the most changes in the composition of nitrogen bases compared to samples from the other two stations.
Published: 15 October 2021
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 37-42; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.19.2.37-42
Abstract:
This study aims to determine the abundance and distribution pattern of gastropods in the intertidal bay, Kambang Lengayang District, Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra. The benefits of this research are expected to be a reference or information for further research in Kambang Bay which in the end is expected to minimize the adverse effects of gastropod hunting. The research method used in this study is a survey method, namely direct observation and sampling which is divided into 3 stations where the sampling station 1 is taking in the coastal waters of the bay in an area where there is no community activity, station 2 is taking in the waters of the bay in the fishing trawl area. station 3 taking in the coastal waters of Kambang in the reclamation area. Based on the analysis of organic sedimentary material in the study area, the average value was obtained at station 1 (3.55%), station 2 (4.20%) and station 3 (3.33%). Based on the analysis, the sediment fraction that dominates each station is sand. The gastropods found at the study site wereClypeomorus bifasciata, Littoraria scabra and Cerithulata cingulata. The abundance of gastropods in the coastal waters of Kambang ranged from 2.33 to 5.00 Ind/m2. The results of the ANOVA test showed that the abundance of gastropods in the bay waters showed 0.214 beaches, indicating that the difference in abundance between stations was not significant. The gastropod pattern found at the study site is generally in groups.
Published: 15 October 2021
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 51-56; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.19.2.51-56
Abstract:
The study was conducted from March to May 2021 which aims to identify the types, abundance of microplastics and compare the abundance of microplastics between stations in the waters of the Long Strait of High Cliff Subdistrict. Survey methods are applied and PVC pipes are used to collect sediment samples from three different stations with three sampling points at each station. The types of microplastics found are fragments with the most jumblah with film and fiber. The most widely found types are fragments, followed by film and fiber. The abundance of microplastics at Tanjung Harapan Port (5900.00 partkels /kg of dry sediment) is higher than the mouth of the Dorak coastal river (5306.67 partkels/kg of dry sediment) and Banglas Village Mangrove Ecotourism (4120.00 partikels/kg of dry sediment). The results showed that the abundance of microplastics between stations differed significantly. Microplastic differences based on further independent test samples t-test showed that each station compared to mangrove ecotourism area will be significantly different, while between Tanjung Harapan Port and the mouth of the Dorak coastal river showed no significant difference
Published: 9 April 2021
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 18-22; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.19.1.18-22
Abstract:
Bekasam is a type of fermented freshwater fish product with sour taste. Bekasam is made from fish that have been cleaned gills and entrails, washed, mixed with salt. After 2 days of fermentation, rice is added to this mixture and fermentation is continued for 5 to 7 days. Bekasam is thought to have antihypertensive activity due to the formation of bioactive peptides resulting from fish protein degradation during the fermentation process of the scars. This study aims to isolate indigenous lactic acid bacteria with high power. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from tuna. Isolation was carried out using MRS agar + CaCO3 medium and screening of proteolytic lactic acid bacterial isolates was carried out using skim agar. Colonies that provide a clear zone on the skim to be identified as lactic acid bacteria. Of the 180 isolates of acid-producing bacteria that provide clear zones in the MRS to find 150 strains of lactic acid bacteria. The results of further morphological and biochemical tests indicate that these isolates are genera Lactobacillus, Pediococccus and Leuconostoc. The results of further selection were carried out on homofermentative lactic acid bacteria and had high proteolytic activity. The results of identification of isolate species using API CH50 showed that selected lactic acid bacteria were Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Pediococcus pentosaceus
Published: 9 April 2021
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 1-5; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.19.1.1-5
Abstract:
Soursop leaf (Annona muricata L.) is an herbal plant that is widely used by the public empirically because it has many properties. The sling leaf contains tannin compounds, alkaloids, as well as several other chemical compounds including annonaceous acetogenin, which can be used as a treatment. This study aims to find out if soursop leaf extract has the effect of deducting blood glucose levels in mice test animals (Mus musculus) which induced a 50% glucose solution. The study used the RAL method (complete random design) and 20 male mice were divided into 5 groups with 4 repetitions. Group P1, P2, and P3 (treatment group) administered ethanol extract of sine leaves at doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg bb respectively, while k- and k+ (control group) administered CMC 0.5% and glibenclamide with oral administration. The data obtained were statistically analyzed with ANOVA (Variance analysis) one-way to find out the differences between treatment groups and continued with the BNT test (The smallest real difference) to find out meaningful differences between groups. The results showed that there were differences between the treatment group and the control group. On the 7th day of the BNT test, the treatment group with a dose of 750 mg/kg bb showed significant differences between the negative Control group (CMC 0'5%), Positive control (Glibenclamide), P1 (250 mg/kg bb), and P2 (500 mg/kg bb), while on the 14th day showed no significant difference with the treatment group of 500 mg/kg bb. concluded from this study that all concentrations of ethanol extract of sling leaves could lower blood glucose levels in test animals, with the most optimal decrease being the group at a dose of 750 mg/kg bb.
Published: 9 April 2021
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 23-28; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.19.1.23-28
Abstract:
Morphometrics is a field that deals with variations and changes in the form (size and shape) of an organism or object. Anthropogenic is a human activity not only limited to the use or utilization of coastal resources, but also can be restorative and protective, thus causing complex disruption. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphometric differences of the flowers and fruits of R.apiculata mangroves in two regions with different anthropogenic activities in the mangrove ecosystem of Dumai City. This research was carried out in September 2019. From the results of the study it was found that in areas polluted by anthropogenic activity the average morphometrics of fruit (length and width) and leaves (length, width and length of the stems) Rhizophora apiculata were lower than those in the area not polluted by anthropogenic activity. At station I the oil content ranged from 0,0975 to 0,1251 ppm classified as polluted and at station II ranged from 0,072 to 0,111 ppm classified as not polluted.
Published: 9 April 2021
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 6-12; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.19.1.6-12
Abstract:
This study aims to determine the best dose of propolis to treat Carassius auratus infected with Aeromonas hydrophila seen leucocyte differentiation from C.auratus. The method used was experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CDR) with one factor consisting of five treatment levels and three replications. The treatment was Kn (not infected with A. hydrophila and untreated propolis), Kp (infected with A. hydrophila but not treated with propolis), and fish infected with A. hydrophila treated propolis with dose P1 (700 ppm), P2 (800 ppm), and P3 (900 ppm). Treatment is done by injection of propolis in fish infected by A. hydrophila in intramuscular. The fish used are 8-10 cm in size and kept for 14 days post-infection. The results showed that propolis solution has been able to treat C. auratus from infected A. hydrophila. The dose of propolis 800 ppm is the best dose to treat C. auratus infected A.hydrophila, seen from leukocyte differentiation (lymphocyte 80,25%, monocytes 10,09% and neutrophils 9,66%).
Published: 9 April 2021
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 19, pp 13-17; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.19.1.13-17
Abstract:
Aquaculture production is vulnerable to adverse impacts to disease and environmental conditions. One of the pathogenic bacteria that infection cultured is Edwardsiella tarda. The aim of this study was to find out the sensitivity of R.apiculata leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of E.tarda. The research method used is the experimental method, with the Kirby-Bauer disc method. The doses used were 100% (10000 ppm), 90% (9000 ppm), 80% (8000 ppm), 70% (7000 ppm), 60% (6000 ppm), 50% (5000 ppm), 40% (4000 ppm), 30% (3000 ppm), 20% (2000 ppm), 10% (1000 ppm) and control (Oxytetracycline), blank discs used were 6 mm in size. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of the leaves of R. apiculata at a dose of 1000-10000 ppm gave various inhibitory diameters ranging from 6.27-9.87 mm and presenting inhibition zone diameters in the medium category
, Krisna Puja, Yum Eryanti, Miranti Miranti
Published: 8 May 2020
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 31-42; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.18.1.31-42
Abstract:
The polar extract of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) fruit pericarp obtained by cellulase assisted ethanol extraction has strong antioxidant activity, giving an average 2,2 diphenyl-1 pykrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging IC50 of 13.9 µg/mL. In order to elucidate the chemical component from this extract that is responsible for the high antioxidant activity, fractionation of the extract should firstly be performed. In this paper we show results of preparative fractionation of the polar extract by two methods, namely preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (PTLC) and preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography (PHPLC). PTLC used Silica Gel G60 plates, with a hexane:ethyl acetate (6:4) eluent. PHPLC was a reverse phase method, using C18 column and water:acetonitrile gradient elution. 4 fractions from PTLC and 6 fractions from PHPLC were collected and their antioxidant activity analyzed. Both methods gave separated fractions with lower antioxidant activity than the unfractionated original crude extracts, showing that the strong antioxidant activity of Mangosteen pericarp polar extracts maybe due to the concerted synergetic effect of several compounds, rather than a single isolated compound. It also shows the high degree of difficulty in separating mangosteen pericarp polar components having antioxidant activity for further structural analysis.
Diah Nurul Aini,
Published: 8 May 2020
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 12-19; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.18.1.12-19
Abstract:
Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are themost solid palm oil waste. OPEFB has often been processed into compost with the addition of certain activators. It is expected that with the addition of a consortium bioactivator composting of OPEFB can be faster and the compost produced has good nutrient content. The study aims was to determine the ability of bioactivator bacteria of cellulolytic consortium in degrading TKKS of incubation laboratory scale for 30 days. A consortium of compost bioactivator used were Bacillus sp. S43, Bacillus cereus strains of IARI-MB-6, Bacillus cereus strains TS11, Alcaligenes faecalis strains ZJUTBX11, Bacillus sp. 13847, Stenotrophomonas sp. S169-III-5, Alcaligenes faecalis strains KH-48 and Bacillus cereus strain Y22 by a comparison of 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1. The results showed that bioactivator consortium was able to degrade OPEFB which on P4 (OPEFB + chicken manure + consortium isolate) reduced organic C from 50.1 to 34.5, increased total nitrogen from 0.73 to 1.35 and reduced the C/N ratio from 37.11 to 25.56 and produced compost phytonutrients and not phytotoxicity.
Muhammad Hasan Basri Nasution, Shafira Ramadhani,
Published: 8 May 2020
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 1-11; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.18.1.1-11
Abstract:
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are gram-positive bacteria that are rod or round in shape, do not form spores, and do not have cytochromes. LAB can be isolated from fermented food products. LAB is useful to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria so that they are potential antibacterial sources. The purpose of this study was to isolate LAB from the traditional food Dali Ni Horbo, continued with characterization, antimicrobial testing, and sensitivity testing towards several antibiotics. From the results of the study, the number of colonies obtained was 2.4 x 107 CFU/mL. 6 isolates were randomly selected, coded as isolates UPDH1, UPDH2, UPDH3, UPDH4, UPDH5, UPDH6, respectively. Biochemical characterization showed that the isolates were gram-positive and catalase-negative bacteria. Results of antibiotic sensitivity testing using 6 antibiotics, namely amoxicillin (AML), erythromycin (E), oxacillin (OX), ofloxacin (OFX), cefotaxime (CTX), and gentamicin (CN), showed that all the isolates were resistant to CTX. The UPDH1 isolate was resistant to AML and OX. The UPDH3, UPDH5, and UPDH6 isolates were resistant to AML, and the UPDH4 isolate was resistant to E, OFX, CTX, CN, and OX. Antimicrobial tests used the disk diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The UPDH2 isolate, gave an inhibition zone of 6.7 mm, and UPDH5 and UPDH6 gave inhibition zones of 7.6 mm and 8.5 mm respectively, against E. coli. Microbial inhibition tests against S. aureus by UPDH1, UPDH2, UPDH5 and UPDH6 gave inhibition zones of 13.5 mm, 9.0 mm, 12.1 mm and 12 mm respectively. From the results in this research it can be concluded that the traditional food Dali Ni Horbo is a potential source of probiotics.
, Erman Syahruddin, Rijal Zein
Published: 8 May 2020
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 43-61; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.18.1.43-61
Abstract:
This study aims to determine the performance of ducks on the effect of differences in cage temperature. This study used 54 5-week-old male ducks selected from 66 ducks. The research method used was randomized block design (RBD). The treatment used is the regulation of the temperature of the cage which is divided into three temperature levels, namely: A (cold temperature), B (room temperature), and C (hot temperature). The observed variables were duck performance in the form of feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion. The results of this study indicate that the difference in temperature of the cage became a very significant (P0.05) on the weight of the spleen, thyroid and kidney and the work of the spleen, thyroid and kidney organs was still normal
, Thamrin Usman, Andi Hairil Alimuddin
Published: 8 May 2020
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 18, pp 20-30; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.18.1.20-30
Abstract:
Body epidermis has an important health function to prevent body dehydration. This research aims to compare Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) values between durian seed oil and tengkawang oil. Skin that had been applied with tengkawang oil and durian seed oil lotion were tested for irritation and TEWL values. The tengkawang oil had an acid number of 17 g/mol and contained 8.54 % free fatty acid, while the durian seed oil had an acid number of 6.34 g/mol and contained 2.89 % free fatty acid. Irritation testing was done using lotion containing 100 % of each oil. TEWL analysis on skin applied with the tengkawang oil lotion after 1 hour showed that the lotion could reduce epidermal water evaporation by 35.23 % compared to the skin condition before treatment. Epidermal water evaporation reduction at the second, third and fourth hours after the tengkawang oil lotion application was 31.33 %, 33.93 % and 27.9 %, respectively. TEWL analysis on skin applied with the durian seed oil lotion after 1 hour showed that the lotion could reduce epidermal water evaporation by 11.34 % compared to the skin condition before treatment. Epidermal water evaporation was reduced 14.64 %, 10.53 % and 2.99 % at the second, third and fourth hours after application of the durian seed oil. Based on these results, it can be concluded that tengkawang oil gives better TEWL values compared to durian seed oil.
, Hilwan Yuda Teruna, Yum Eryanti
Published: 30 October 2019
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 17, pp 10-15; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.17.2.10-15
Abstract:
Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) is a perennial plant belonging to the family of Lamiaceae which have been widely used in traditional herbal medicine. In the present study, the extracts of the leaves of P. amboinicus that was extracted by different solvents were evaluated for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The fresh leaves of the plant were extracted using subsequent methanol, n-hexane and dichloromethane. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and the antimicrobial activity was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion assay. The results of antioxidant activity test showed that dichloromethane extract of the leaves had the highest antioxidant activity among all with IC50 value of 50.2 μg/mL Methanol and n-hexane extracts were still active in DPPH with IC50 value of 71.3 μg/mL and 205.9 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the dichloromethane and methanol ektracts have shown a promising antibacterial activity in E. coli. The findings indicated that dichloromethane and methanol extracts of the leaves of P. amboinicus were potential further study as herbal medicine as they showed high antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
, Musyirna Rahmah Nst, Ninuk Rodhiatul Jannah
Published: 30 October 2019
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 17, pp 25-31; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.17.2.25-31
Abstract:
α-amilase is one of digestive enzyme that hydrolize starch to maltose by α-glukosidase and degradation to form a glucose and continue with blood adsorption through villi of small intestine. Consomption of acarbose drug is one of ways for diabetic treatment to inhibit the activity of α-amilase. Tamarind leaves (Tamarindus indica L) herbal benalu api (Scurrula Sp) and herbal putri malu (Mimosa pudica D) regularly used as medical plant with activity of antidiabetic medicine. The aims of this studies was to analyze the potency of three medical plant with form of infusa and ethanol extract from fresh or dried plant to inhibit activity of α-amilase and akarbose used as positive control. Inhibition potency of sample against activity of α-amilase were determine base on maltose produced by of starch hydrolysis α-amilase to reduction dinitrosalicylic acid become 3-amino-5-nitrosalicylic acid and the absorbance were measured with spektrofotometer at 530 nm. Resulted of percentage inhibition against activity of α-amilase were herbal infusa from dried benalu api 85.58 ± 2,93%, infusa of fresh putri malu 87.40 ± 1,81%, and the dried 98,85 ± 0,66%. These results did not significancy different with inhibition of akarbose 93.89 + 0,02%. Infusa herbal of dried benalu api, fresh and dried putri malu were potential cover for acarbose to used as alternative medicine.
Sri Marlinda, Hilwan Yuda Teruna, Nova Wahyu Pratiwi, Aulia Ardhi,
Published: 30 October 2019
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 17, pp 1-9; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.17.2.1-9
Abstract:
Fusarium oxysporum LBKURCC41 is one of endophyte fungi which is able to produce secondary metabolites. The purpose of this research was to discover an antioxidant agent from F. oxysporum LBKURCC41extract that was fermented in Huang medium for 15 d with of corn and potato with particle size of 80 mesh as carbon sources. The ethyl acetate extract from the cultured medium showed four dominant component with retentiont time of 3.24, 3.44, 17.02 and 18.889 min. The F. oxysporum LBKURCC41 extract containing compounds with functional group O-H, C-H and C-O, and it had a IC50 value of 435,157±12,009a.
Published: 30 October 2019
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 17, pp 16-24; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.17.2.16-24
Abstract:
Flavonols 2-(3,4,5-dimethoxyphenyli)-3-hydroxy-4h-chromen-4-on) derivatives of 2'-hydroxycalone have been synthesized under basic condition (KOH). The structures of all compounds were characterized based on the interpretation of spectroscopic data including UV, FTIR, NMR and HRMS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay and anticancer activity was evaluated using the MTS assay which showed that the flavonol 2'-hydroxycalone derivative was potentially active as antioxidants and anticancer with IC50 values
Nur Muslimah, Usman Pato,
Published: 30 October 2019
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 17, pp 32-42; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.17.2.32-42
Abstract:
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a plant that is widely used as raw material for making sugar and can be enjoyed directly by extracting the juice. While the pulp has not been utilized and is often disposed of as waste. This study aims to make compost using Trichoderma (LBKURCC1 and LBKURCC2) and Pseudomonas (LBKURCC54 and LBKURCC59) as bioactivators. The composting process is done by mixing bagasse and chicken manure with a ratio of 2: 1 and adding isolate fungus Trichoderma sp. and Pseudomonas stutzeri bacteria as activator with several combinations on compost media with 5 treatment. Compost treatment includes P0 (control), P1 (J1_J2_B1), P2 (J1_J2_B2), P3 (J1_B1_B2), P4 (J2_B1_B2) and P5 (J1_J2_B1), P3 (J1_J2_B1_B2). The process of composting bagasse is done in a poly bag. Analyzed of compost quality was determined based on parameters of temperature, water content and the levels of C/N ratio observed for 18 days. In this study, the use of Trichoderma (LBKURCC1 and LBKURCC2) and Pseudomonas (LBKURCC54 and LBKURCC59) as bioactivators in a mixture of compost material gave a significant difference to control at the C/N ratio with a value of P> 0.05. The highest C/N ratio is from P5 (28.43) and the lowest is from P2 (5.17).
Published: 31 March 2017
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 16, pp 54-63; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.16.2.54-63
Abstract:
Cancer is a disease that is characterized by the existence of damage and cell abnormality in growth and differentiation. Liver cancer is a disorder of hepar tissue derivated from its tumors. Taurine is known as antioxidant but its role as anticancer needs to be explored more as well the role of Annona muricata leaf extract which is believed to have its role as anticancer substance. This research, therefore, aimed to explore the effect of taurine and Annona muricata leaf extract on the hepar histopathology of male mice (Mus musculus) induced by benzo(α)pyren in vivo. This research was carried out by using a complete randomized design, which consisted of 5 treatment groups which was repeated 5 times. Group I was given 0.2 mL corn oil for 15 days, group II was induced by benzo(α)pyren without taurin nor A. Muricata leaf extract for 10 days, group III was given 7.8 mg taurine/BW/day (twice a day) starting from the 15 th days before the induction of benzo(α)pyren, group IV, after induced with benzo(α)pyren, taurine was given with dosage of 7.8 mg/BW/day, group V, after induced with benzo(α)pyren, soursop leaf extract was given with amount of 277.8 mg/BW/day. Data analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and one way ANOVA with Fisher test (p>0.05). The results indicated that taurine had ability to recover the liver tissue induced by benzo(α)pyren as (carcinogenic) while, Annona muricata leaf extract had not shown any recover of tissue damage
Published: 31 March 2017
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 16, pp 72-78; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.16.2.72-78
Abstract:
Gourami (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) as one of the freshwater fishes, are easily to be cultured but slow in growth rate. One of the ways to enhance their growth rate is by feeding them with high nutritious food. Sargassum sp. and inositol are known compound able to stimulate the growth of some fishes. The study was conducted to determine the effect of Sargassum sp and inositol on commercial feed to the growth rate and survival of juvenile gouramy. The study was conducted from January to April 2015 in Aquatic Laboratory of Biology Department - University of Lampung. Completely randomized designed was used with 4 treatment groups and 5 replications. Anova and Tukey at 5% levels were applied to this study. The result indicated that addition of inositol and Sargassum sp on commercial food significantly affected the gourami growth parameters such as the body weight, body length, body width as well as juvenile gouramy spesific growth rate and their survival rate.
, Muhammad Ali,
Published: 31 March 2017
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 16, pp 79-90; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.16.2.79-90
Abstract:
Trichoderma pseudokoningii has been applied as a biocontrol agent against fungal plant pathogen, such as Ganoderma boninense, the cause of stem rot disease on palm oil plants. To be more effectively applicable in the field, some experiments have been employed to formulate T. pseudokoningii in a biofungicide formulation amended with organic matter as its main nutrient resource, zealot as a carrier agent and cocoyam powder as a mixture agent. A research has been conducted to study the effect of various organic matters and their combinations in a biofungicide formulation of T. pseudokoningii on growth inhibition to G. boninense in-vitro and to obtain the best organic matters and their combinations in enhancing the growth of T. pseudokoningii and yet inhibiting G. boninense. The research has been conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agriculture Faculty, University of Riau from May to August 2012, using a completely randomized design consisting of 15 treatments (bagasse, rice husk, shrimp shell, dregs, and their combinations) and 3 replications. The data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The results indicated that organic matters and their combinations in the biofungicide formulation significantly affected the antagonistic capacity of T. pseudokoningii in inhibiting the growth of G. boninense in vitro. Rice husk, bagases, bagasse+rice husks, and bagasse+dregs were the best organic matters in enhancing the growth of T. pseudokoningii and its capacity to inhibit G. boninense in-vitro. It can also be concluded that shrimp shell, bagasse+shrimp shell, rice husk+shrimp shell, shrimp shell+dregs and rice husk+shrimp shell+dregs totally inhibited the growth of T. pseudokoningii in the biofungicide formulation.
Published: 31 March 2017
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 16, pp 64-71; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.16.2.64-71
Abstract:
Dahlia is a floriculture plant with tuber that rich of inulin. Inulin is soluble in hot water and it will settle on cool temperature in alcohol. Extraction of result from 100 g dahlia tuber taken from Bukittinggi, West Sumatra is 4% inulin (w/w dahlia tuber). Inulin flour produced is white gray. Qualitative tests with Seliwanoff and Nelson-Somogyi methods shows that inulin positive contained of fructose and reducing sugar. Extracted result of inulin can be converted into levulinic acid using acid catalyst at high temperature. In this experiment, production of levulinic acid will bundle with variate temperature, reaction time and catalyst concentration of hydrochloride acid. The reaction of inulin convertion was done in ampul that burned in oven. Conversion result of 5% inulin to be levulinic acid on heating 150 o C hydrochloride acid concentration 0,1 M about 25 minutes was 12,33% (w/w inulin). On heating 170 o C hydrochloride acid concentration 0,1 M about 15 minutes is 26,25% (w/w inulin), while on heating 150 o C hydrochloride acid concentration 1 M about 15 minutes is 32,28% (w/w inulin). Experiment result showed that concentration of glucose, levulinic acid and formiat acid increase with increasing in reaction reaction temperature while fructose concentration decrease from 55,14 mg/mL to be 0,12 mg/mL. The longer time reaction and the higher concentration of catalyst hydrochloride acid, the lower concentration of glucose and fructose and the larger concentration of levulinic acid and formic acid.
Published: 31 March 2017
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 16, pp 47-53; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.16.2.47-53
Abstract:
The aims of Genetic study of pinus identified stand in Unhas Experimental Forest is to analyses of genetic characteristics of stand, based on RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) marker. The study was conducted in Biotechnology and Tree Breeding Laboratory, Forestry Faculty, Hasanuddin University. The method are DNA isolation, Primers selection and RAPD analyses. DNA analyses of Pine with ten RAPD marker showed number of alel varietied and polymorphic. Coefficient of similarity in population have number of 0.15-0.73.Highest genetic distance is 0.9630 and lowest genetic distance is 0.2698. Number of genetic diversity of Pine in Experimental Forest Hasanuddin University is 0,489 and categorized highly.
Published: 30 March 2017
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 17, pp 22-32; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.17.1.22-32
Abstract:
Lung cancer is a disease that causes high mortality. Drugs used to prevent and cure cancer mostly causes intoxicity to the normal tissues due to its less effectiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to find out any agent or substance which works much more effective and safe for cancer treatment. The aim of the study was to elucidate the role of taurine on the lung tissue of mice (Mus musculus) induced by carcinogenic benzo(α)pyrene. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 replications. Six treatment groups were perfomed. Group I was given 0.2 mL of corn oil and given aquadest until the end of the study period, group II was induced by benzo(α)pyrene without administration of taurine, group III before induced with benzo(α)pyrene, was given taurine dosage 7.8 mg/BW/day for two weeks, group IV after induced benzo(α)pyrene, was given taurine with dosage 3.9 mg/BW/day, group V after induced benzo(α)pyrene, was given taurine with dosage7. 8 mg/BW/day, group VI after induced with benzo(α)pyrene, was given taurine with dosage 15.6 mg/BW/day. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis analysis and one way ANOVA with LSD (p>0,05) showed that taurine reduced lung tissue damage 72.73% due to the administration of benzo(α)pyrene of 0.3 mg/BW/day. In addition, the effective dose of taurine reduce lung tissue damage was 15.6 mg/BW/day.
Published: 30 March 2017
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 17, pp 33-41; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.17.1.33-41
Abstract:
The highest content in rice husk is ash with its main component of silica. Silica in ash causes the low adsorption capacity. Activated carbon from rice husk can be obtained by lowering the ash content. The aim of this study is determine the effect of particle size of charcoal and reflux time the ash content using a solution of potassium carbonate. The activation of rice husk char was carried out by using reflux methods with a potassium carbonate solution. The resulted carbon was washed using hydrochloric acid tested using iodine and methylene blue to examine of its adsorbance. The particle size of rice husk and reflux time decrease ash content in rice husk. In general, husk with the size of 80 mesh can produce carbon with low ash content and high absorption using reflux time at least for 120 minutes. Rice husk size of 100 mesh refluxing with potassium carbonate for 150 minutes can reduce the ash content as 91.85% and adsorptivity of the iodine at 331 mg.g -1 .
Agus Safari, Sarah Fahma Ghina, Sadiah Djajasoepena, O. Suprijana ', Ida Indrawati, Saadah D. Rachman, Dian S. Kamara,
Published: 30 March 2017
Journal: Jurnal Natur Indonesia
Jurnal Natur Indonesia, Volume 17, pp 5-12; https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.17.1.5-12
Abstract:
Mixed lactic acid bacteria culture is commonly used in yogurt production. In the present study, two lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus) was used as starter culture. Calcium carbonate was added to the starter culture to increase the quality of mixed starter culture of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophillus with ratio of 4:1. The present study was directed to investigate the chemical composition of mixed starter culture with and without calcium carbonat addition. Furthermore, the effect of each starter culture on yogurt product chemical composition was also examined. The pH, lactose, soluble protein and acid content was determined as chemical composition parameters. For starter culture without calcium carbonate addition, the yogurt has pH, lactose, soluble protein and acid content of 4.18–4.39, 4.18–4.39% w/v, 2.88–4.36% w/v and 0.82–0.99% w/v, respectively. While for starter culture with calcium carbonate addition, the yogurt product has pH, lactose, soluble protein and acid content of 4.26–4.37, 1.47–1.75% b/v, 3.42–4.95% w/v and 0.86–1.11% w/v, respectively. Addition of 0.05% w/v calcium carbonate to mixed starter culture gave effect on lactose consumption, where it still can convert lactose to lactic acid up to 45 days of storage. Furthermore, the yogurt product made with starter culture with calcium carbonate addition has higher soluble protein content compared to yogurt made with starter culture without calcium carbonate addition