Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) has three functions, namely: as a growth-promoting substance, as a biocontrol against pathogens that harm plants, and as an organic fertilizer to reduce farmers’ dependence on chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. This study aims to obtain the right concentration of PGPR to spur growth and increase rice production. Field research has been carried out in Taratara Dua Village, West Tomohon District, Tomohon City from April 2021 to September 2021. The materials and tools used are seeds rice Ciherang variety, straw compost, Phonska NPK fertilizer, PGPR, meter, and analytical balance. The treatments were arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD), with a single factor, namely the concentration of PGPR consisting of 5 ml/l (K1); 10 ml/l (K2); and 15 ml/l (K3). The variables observed, namely: plant height, number of productive tillers, number of pithy grain per panicle, number of empty grain per panicle, and dry grain yield per plot. The results showed that the concentration of PGPR affected the number of productive tillers, the number of pithy grains per panicle, the number of empty grains per panicle, and the dry grain yield but plant height was not affected by the concentration of PGPR. The highest harvested dry grain yield of 5.05 kg per plot or equivalent to 8.42 tons ha−1 was achieved at a PGPR concentration of 10 ml/L (K2).

The current global situation of bamboo utilization has shifted from traditional to modern bamboo, along with improved technology and innovations. However, the literature on bamboo research and development in Indonesia is still minimal and fragmented. Moreover, it has not yet clearly seen the strategy and direction of future utilization and its sustainability. Therefore, it is urgent to know the current status of bamboo research and development, especially its sustainable use. A systematic literature review was carried out on the research and development of bamboo in Indonesia, examining and comparing publications from both academic and professional works of literature in the period 2001 to 2021. This study was conducted by building insights from past reviews and initial scoping analysis of two decades of bamboo R&D. The findings of this study build upon the research and efforts on the social-cultural, economic, and ecological aspects underpinnings of bamboo utilization and development. Furthermore, the typology and other supporting factors that have already been carried out will be proposed to help connect fragmented and detached aspects into an integrated strategy and direction of research and development. Finally, future orders for progressing and sustainable bamboo utilization and development in Indonesia are identified.