外泌体是一种由大多数类型的细胞分泌到细胞外空间的膜性囊泡。它们存在于包括血液、尿液、血清和唾液在内的体液中，在细胞间的通讯中起着至关重要的作用。外泌体包含各种生物标记物，如核酸和蛋白质，可以反映其母细胞的状态。因此，肿瘤衍生的外泌体是肿瘤早期诊断和预后评估的新型生物标志物。在这里，我们回顾了用于检测肿瘤来源外泌体生物传感(主要是基于光学生物传感器)的最新研究进展。此外，还分析了基于光学生物传感技术检测肿瘤来源外泌体所面临的挑战和机遇。 Exosomes are membranous vesicles secreted into the extracellular space by most types of cells. They exist in body fluids including blood, urine, serum and saliva, and play a vital role in the com-munication between cells. Exosomes contain various biomarkers, such as nucleic acids and proteins, which can reflect the state of their parent cells. Therefore, tumor-derived exosomes are new bi-omarkers for early tumor diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. Here, we review the latest research progress in biosensing (mainly based on optical biosensors) for detecting tumor-derived exosomes. In addition, the challenges and opportunities of detecting tumor-derived exosomes based on optical biosensing technology are also analyzed.