Comparative Genomic Analysis Determines the Functional Genes Related to Bile Salt Resistance in Lactobacillus salivarius
Open Access
- 27 September 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by MDPI AG in Microorganisms
- Vol. 9 (10), 2038
- https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102038
Abstract
Lactobacillus salivarius has drawn attention because of its promising probiotic functions. Tolerance to the gastrointestinal tract condition is crucial for orally administrated probiotics to exert their functions. However, previous studies of L. salivarius have only focused on the bile salt resistance of particular strains, without uncovering the common molecular mechanisms of this species. Therefore, in this study, we expanded our research to 90 L. salivarius strains to explore their common functional genes for bile salt resistance. First, the survival rates of the 90 L. salivarius strains in 0.3% bile salt solutions were determined. Comparative genomics analysis was then performed to screen for the potential functional genes related to bile salt tolerance. Next, real-time polymerase chain reaction and gene knockout experiments were conducted to further verify the tolerance-related functional genes. The results indicated that the strain-dependent bile salt tolerance of L. salivarius was mainly associated with four peptidoglycan synthesis-related genes, seven phosphotransferase system-related genes, and one chaperone-encoding gene involved in the stress response. Among them, the GATase1-encoding gene showed the most significant association with bile salt tolerance. In addition, four genes related to DNA damage repair and substance transport were redundant in the strains with high bile salt tolerance. Besides, cluster analysis showed that bile salt hydrolases did not contribute to the bile salt tolerance of L. salivarius. In this study, we determined the global regulatory genes, including LSL_1568, LSL_1716 and LSL_1709, for bile salt tolerance in L. salivarius and provided a potential method for the rapid screening of bile salt-tolerant L. salivarius strains, based on PCR amplification of functional genes.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Natural Science Foundation of China ([No. 31820103010 and No. 32001665])
- The National First-class Discipline Program of Food Science and Technology ([JUFSTR20180102], [BK20200084])
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province (-)
This publication has 56 references indexed in Scilit:
- SOAPdenovo2: an empirically improved memory-efficient short-read de novo assemblerGigaScience, 2012
- Using OrthoMCL to Assign Proteins to OrthoMCL‐DB Groups or to Cluster Proteomes Into New Ortholog GroupsCurrent Protocols in Bioinformatics, 2011
- Comparative proteomic analysis of Lactobacillus plantarumfor the identification of key proteins in bile toleranceBMC Microbiology, 2011
- Role of Transporter Proteins in Bile Tolerance ofLactobacillus acidophilusApplied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009
- Cre- lox -Based System for Multiple Gene Deletions and Selectable-Marker Removal in Lactobacillus plantarumApplied and Environmental Microbiology, 2007
- Repair of DNA Damage Induced by Bile Salts in Salmonella entericaGenetics, 2006
- Comparative and Functional Analysis of Sortase-Dependent Proteins in the Predicted Secretome of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2006
- Microbial Diversity in Water and Sediment of Lake Chaka, an Athalassohaline Lake in Northwestern ChinaApplied and Environmental Microbiology, 2006
- Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT MethodMethods, 2001
- Basic local alignment search toolJournal of Molecular Biology, 1990