PREVALENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND ITS CHALLENGES FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS

Abstract

Abstract The load of antibiotic resistance has been prevailing worldwide which is deteriorating health and human development. Antibiotics also called antimicrobial are the wonder drugs used to act against the microbes. It can be bactericidal or bacteriostatic in action thus acting by either killing or slowing down the activity or growth of bacteria respectively in human body. Abuse of such drugs lead to amalgamation of bacterial cells in the body which makes bacterial cell wall prone to mutations and develop resistance against the drugs. The various lethal adverse effects lead to the clinical conditions challenging healthcare providers.Certain strains secrete enzymes that inactivates the antibiotics and decreases permeability of the cell membrane along with strengthening their efflux pumps. The most concerned organisms of this era are E.faceium, S.aureus, K.pneumoniae, A.baumanii, P.aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp (ESKAPE) recorded by World Health Organization (WHO). Multifaceted interventions are required to mitigate the challenge of antibiotic resistance. Prohibiting the over the counter sale of antibiotics, clinical audits, utilization of valid diagnostic tests can be helpful in precise prescription of drugs. Public awareness about the poisonous use of antibiotics can decrease improper self-medication Clinicians.