In Vitro Effectiveness of Soft Contact Lens Solutions Available on the Dutch Market against Acanthamoeba Species
Open Access
- 29 January 2023
- Vol. 12 (2), 214
- https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020214
Abstract
Acanthamoeba keratitis is almost universally associated with contact lens (CL) use. Until today, however, CL solution manufacturing protocols lack testing of anti-amoebic activity. This study investigates the effectiveness of CL solutions available on the Dutch market against trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba castellanii and Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Sixteen CL solutions were tested: 13 multiple purpose solutions (MPS), 2 hydrogen peroxidase solutions (HPS) and 1 povidone-iodine-based solution (PIS). The Spearman–Karber (SK) log reduction method and an XTT colorimetric assay were used to evaluate the effectiveness at the manufacturer’s minimum recommended disinfection time (MMRDT) and after eight hours. At the MMRDT, one MPS showed an SK mean log reduction (MLR) of >3.0 against A. castellanii trophozoites. Two additional MPS and both HPS reached this threshold after eight hours. The SK MLR values for A. polyphaga trophozoites were between 1 and 3 at all time points. Using the XTT colorimetric assay, only HPS 1 showed >99.9% reduction (equivalent to 3 log reduction) in metabolic activity of A. castellanii trophozoites after eight hours. For A. polyphaga, both HPS and PIS showed a metabolic reduction of >99.9% after eight hours. Cysts were resistant against all solutions. We conclude that following the manufacturer’s guidelines, few solutions provide sufficient effectiveness against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and none against cysts. The results underline the importance of adequate hygiene when handling CLs.Funding Information
- Stichting Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Oogziekenhuis-Flieringa (SWOO-2019S08)
- Rotterdamse Stichting Blindenbelangen (HV/AB/B20180090)
- Stichting Ooglijders (2018-20)
- Stichting Combined Ophthalmic Research Rotterdam (6.6.0)
This publication has 22 references indexed in Scilit:
- Development of Standardized Methods for Assessing Biocidal Efficacy of Contact Lens Care Solutions AgainstAcanthamoebaTrophozoites and CystsInvestigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2013
- Strategies to Optimize Conditions for Testing Multipurpose Contact Lens Solution Efficacy Against AcanthamoebaEye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice, 2012
- Efficacy of commercial soft contact lens disinfectant solutions against AcanthamoebaJapanese Journal of Ophthalmology, 2011
- Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Diagnosis and Treatment Update 2009American Journal of Ophthalmology, 2009
- A mannose binding protein is involved in the adherence ofAcanthamoebaspecies to inert surfacesFEMS Microbiology Letters, 2004
- A mannose binding protein is involved in the adherence of Acanthamoeba species to inert surfacesFEMS Microbiology Letters, 2004
- Determination of Amoebicidal Activities of Multipurpose Contact Lens Solutions by Using a Most Probable Number Enumeration TechniqueJournal of Clinical Microbiology, 2003
- Amöben-Keratitis. Ein klinisch-histopathologischer FallberichtKlinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde, 1984
- Trimmed Spearman-Karber method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassaysEnvironmental Science & Technology, 1977
- Chapter 4 Induction of Synchronous Encystment (Differentiation) in Acanthamoeba sp.Methods in Cell Biology, 1964