过渡金属硫化物(TMDCs)是一种受到国内外学者广泛关注的新型二维材料，尤其是它与一些二维层状材料构成的异质结进一步拓展了其在新型光电器件领域的应用。本文综述了近几年通过第一性原理方法研究外电场对单层及双层TMDCs(MoS2，MoSe2，MoTe2，WS2)、两种或者多种TMDCs组建的异质结、TMDCs与BNC型二维层状材料(g-C3N4、g-C2N、BC3和C3N)组建的异质结、TMDCs与石墨烯组建的异质结等材料体系的能带特性的影响。研究表明适当的外电场可以有效地调控TMDCs材料及其异质结的能带结构、自旋极化以及电荷转移，从而使得TMDCs材料及其异质结在光电器件领域有着重要的应用。 Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is one of extensive attention by international and domestic academics of new 2D materials, especially with heterojunctions consists of some two-dimensional layered materials to expand its application in the electronic and photonic devices fields. In this letter we review the latest research advances which the external electric fields control energy band characteristics of monolayer and bilayer TMDCs materials (MoS2, MoSe2 MoTe2, WS2), van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions composed of multiple TMDCs materials, vdW heterojunctions composed of B, N and C type two-dimensional layered materials (g-C3N4, g-C2N, BC3 and C3N) and TMDCs materials, vdW heterojunctions composed of TMDCs and graphene by the first-principles calculations. These studies suggest that the appropriate external electric field can effectively regulate the energy band, spin polarization and charge transfer of TMDCs materials and its heterojunctions which is beneficial to the application in the optical, electronic and optoelectronic field.