Adaptive Immune System in Fish
- 25 November 2021
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Central Fisheries Research Institute (SUMAE) in Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
- Vol. 22 (4)
- https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas20235
Abstract
The immune system of all jawed vertebrates is composed of two major subsystems, the innate (non-specific) and adaptive (specific) immune system. The innate immune system is the first to respond to infectious agents; however, it does not provide longlasting protection. The adaptive immune system is activated later and responds to pathogens with specificity and memory. The main components of the adaptive immune system, including T cell receptors (TCRs), major histocompatibility complex (MHC), immunoglobulins (Igs), and recombination-activating gene (RAG) arose in the first jawed fish (cartilaginous and teleost fish). This review explores and discusses components of the adaptive immune system in teleost fish and recent developments in comparative immunology. Similar to mammals, the adaptive immune system in teleost fish is divided into two components: cellular-mediated responses and humoralmediated responses. T cells, the principal elements of cellular-mediated adaptive immune responses, differentiate into effector helper T (Th) cells or effector cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). The central elements involved in the differentiation of Th subsets in mammals, cytokines and master transcription factors, have also been identified in teleost fish. In addition, each subset of Th cells, defined with a particular cytokine to control the immune responses, has been described in teleost fish. Similar to mammals, CTLs contribute to cellular cytotoxicity in teleost fish. B cells are central players in humoral-mediated adaptive immunity by producing opsonizing, neutralizing and complement-binding antibodies and inducing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Three classes of antibodies named IgM, IgD, and IgT/Z have been characterized in teleost fish. The presence of an adaptive immune system and consequent immune memory in teleost fish allows vaccination, the most appropriate method for disease control in aquaculture. Immunological studies in fish provide a comprehensive assessment of the fish immune system, which is crucial for understanding the evolution of the mammalian immune system.Keywords
This publication has 143 references indexed in Scilit:
- Mucosal immunoglobulins and B cells of teleost fishDevelopmental & Comparative Immunology, 2011
- The Evolution of Adaptive Immunity in VertebratesPublished by Elsevier BV ,2011
- The origins of vertebrate adaptive immunityNature Reviews Immunology, 2010
- IgT, a primitive immunoglobulin class specialized in mucosal immunityNature Immunology, 2010
- Overview of the immune responseJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2010
- Innate immunityJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2010
- Origin and evolution of the adaptive immune system: genetic events and selective pressuresNature Reviews Genetics, 2009
- Immunoglobulin D enhances immune surveillance by activating antimicrobial, proinflammatory and B cell–stimulating programs in basophilsNature Immunology, 2009
- B cell receptor accessory molecules in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatusDevelopmental & Comparative Immunology, 2008
- IL-4 inhibits TGF-β-induced Foxp3+ T cells and, together with TGF-β, generates IL-9+ IL-10+ Foxp3− effector T cellsNature Immunology, 2008