Different Detection and Treatment Methods for Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in Water/Wastewater: A Review

Abstract

Entamoeba histolytica is an anaerobic parasitic protozoan and well known as a human pathogen, while its close relative, Entamoeba dispar, also possesses similar characteristics as an infectious agent. These microorganisms are generally transmitted in fecal-contaminated water. However, E. dispar present in industrial wastewater is also capable of creating biofilms that can cause adverse impacts in piping networks. Therefore, it is important to detect both of these protozoan species in water and to find a cost-effective technique for inactivation or management control. This review article summarizes the available detection methods in water and wastewater matrices along with feasible disinfection techniques.