Background: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the main sources of obtained visual deficiency and is a sight-undermining complexity of diabetes mellitus. There are an assortment of danger factors, for example, hypomagnesemia, length of diabetes, and weakened guideline of diabetes, connected to the turn of events and movement of diabetic retinopathy. Methods: The all out number of subjects examined was 120, comprising of 40 safe controls and 80 instances of diabetes. Out of 80 instances of diabetes 40 were patients without retinopathy and 40 were patients with retinopathy. HbA1c levels and serum magnesium levels were estimated in diabetic gatherings and the benchmark group. Term of diabetes was looked at in diabetic gatherings. Results: Mean duration of diabetes was higher in diabetic group with retinopathy when compared to the diabetic group without retinopathy. HbA1c was significantly higher in the diabetic groups when compared to the control group. Serum magnesium was significantly decreased in diabetic groups when compared to the control group. Compared to the diabetic group without retinopathy, the HbA1c was significantly higher and serum magnesium was significantly decreased in the diabetic group with retinopathy. Conclusion: Increased HbA1c is attributed to poor glycemic control. Decreased serum magnesium levels are attributed to dietary deficiency, impaired magnesium absorption, increased diabetes urination loss. Factors, for example, diabetes mellitus length, glycemic control, and hypomagnesemia influenced the force of diabetic retinopathy in the contemplated gatherings. Early conclusion and treatment in diabetic patients alongside magnesium enhancements can diminish the beginning and movement of retinopathy.