Structure and functional anatomy of the gas exchange apparatus of leafless orchids: evidence for a control mechanism?
- 25 March 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
- Vol. 197 (2), 249-262
- https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boab021
Abstract
It is assumed that special structures in aerial roots of leafless orchids, aeration units, are involved in gas exchange regulation. In this study, the structure of aeration units in three leafless taxa (Microcoelia exilis, M. aphylla, Dendrophylax funalis) and a leaf-bearing species (Campylocentrum micranthum) are investigated to obtain more evidence of a possible mechanism for gas exchange control in aerial orchid roots. Extensive analyses of the anatomy of the velamen radicum, exodermis and cortex were performed using light and electron microscopy and µCT. In all considered leafless taxa, the aeration unit consists of pneumathodes (non-wettable regions in the velamen radicum), an exodermal aeration cell (EAC) with a thin cell wall (often equipped with a special internal layer showing a fluffy structure) and specialized cortical cells (SCC). The SCC provide gaps for gas exchange, show differentially thickened cell walls and are arranged in a staggered manner. Based on the 3D structure of the aeration unit, we suggest the possibility of dehydration-triggered gap closure (driven by root shrinkage), in the process of which first the SCC are pushed against each other and second the EAC are squeezed shut by the exodermis.Keywords
This publication has 16 references indexed in Scilit:
- Campylocentrum brevifolium (Lindl.) E. M. Pessoa & M. Alves, a neglected and critically endangered orchid from the Atlantic Forest of BrazilKew Bulletin, 2015
- Plant Tissues in 3D via X-Ray Tomography: Simple Contrasting Methods Allow High Resolution ImagingPLOS ONE, 2013
- Aerial roots of epiphytic orchids: the velamen radicum and its role in water and nutrient uptakeOecologia, 2013
- The GenusCampylocentrum(Orchidaceae: Angraecinae) in Costa Rica: A RevisionHarvard Papers in Botany, 2010
- The photosynthetic pathway of the roots of twelve epiphytic orchids with CAM leavesPhotosynthetica, 2010
- Anatomy and photosynthetic parameters of roots and leaves of two shade-adapted orchids, Dichaea cogniauxiana Shltr. and Epidendrum secundum Jacq.Flora, 2009
- Crassulacean Acid Metabolism and Epiphytism Linked to Adaptive Radiations in the OrchidaceaePlant Physiology, 2009
- Stiffness gradients in vascular bundles of the palmWashingtonia robustaProceedings. Biological sciences, 2008
- Dating the origin of the Orchidaceae from a fossil orchid with its pollinatorNature, 2007
- Dew deposition on epiphytic bromeliad leaves: an important event in a Mexican tropical dry deciduous forestJournal of Tropical Ecology, 2003