Geotechnical characterization of soil helps in determine and interpret soil behaviour in a specific location, and determine soil properties such as moisture content, specific gravity, plasticity, grain size analysis, strength properties, compressibility, and bearing capacity. The nature of geological formation is complex. The soil characteristics vary significantly with depth and horizontally at a particular site, as is commonly observed. Appropriate identification of different layers of soil, horizontal variations in layer depth and thickness, assessment of soil type and numerous technical qualities, and their variability within each layer are all critical. The soil testing process benefits the project's decision-making and cost-estimating stages. In this paper, a review has been presented regarding different geotechnical site characterizations conducted worldwide for various civil engineering projects were investigated.