Kilogram i mol u novome ruhu – o korjenitim promjenama u Međunarodnom sustavu jedinica (SI)

Abstract

At the end of the year 2018, news of a radical transformation of the International System of Units (SI) spread worldwide. Particular excitement was caused by the abandonment of the 140-year-old prototype of kilogram, the base SI unit of mass, stored under the glass bell in Sevres near Paris, France, and by the introduction of a new definition of kilogram using the quantum-mechanical Planck constant h. The changes were accepted at the 26thj session of the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) held in Versailles, France, on November 18, 2018, and entered into force on May 20, 2019. In the new definitions the SI units are derived by means of seven natural constants, v(Cs), c, h, e, k(B), N-A, and K-cd. The article presents the old and the new definitions of the seven base units of the SI system together with the mathematical expressions obtained by solving algebraic equations implicitly contained in the new definitions. The newly defined set of natural units for the base and derived quantities is discussed. The properties and the history of units kilogram and mole as well as the educational aspects of their interpretation are given special attention. Some selected numerical examples are proposed for use in the high school and university chemistry classes.