SARS-CoV-2 infection: Understanding the immune system abnormalities to get an adequate diagnosis
Open Access
- 13 February 2021
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Association of Basic Medical Sciences of FBIH in Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
- Vol. 21 (5), 503-514
- https://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2020.5400
Abstract
COVID-19 is the current pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, that emerged from China at the end of December 2019. The scientific community is making extraordinary efforts to understand the virus structure and the pathophysiology and immunological processes activated in the host, in order to identify biomarkers, diagnostic tools, treatments, and vaccines to decrease COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Various abnormalities have been noted during SARS-CoV-2 infection both in lymphoid and myeloid cells. Such abnormalities may disturb the immune system function and cause a massive inflammatory response that impairs tissue function. This review discusses the close relationship between the immune system abnormalities and the broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, including fibrosis, in the context of COVID-19 disease. Moreover, we described the current strategies for COVID-19 diagnosis, and we provide a summary of the most useful clinical laboratory parameters to identify severe COVID-19 patients.Keywords
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