The objective was to conduct a systematic review on vagus indigestion in ruminants. This syndrome, caused by vagus nerve dysfunction and characterized by motility disorders of the pre-stomachs and abomasum, is categorized into four types, based on the location of the functional disorder: type I or failure in eructation, type II or failure in omasal transport, type III or failure in the pyloric flow and type IV or indigestion caused by advanced pregnancy. Due to its clinical and economic importance for cattle breeding, it is essential to approach this disease, aiming to expand knowledge and promote the correct diagnosis by veterinarians working in the field of internal medicine for ruminants.