分子印迹技术是利用特定分子为模板制备具有类似“人工抗体”材料的技术。分子印迹材料具有选择性强、吸附效率高、抗污染且无需辅助设备等特点，可望解决困扰快速检测的样品前处理问题。本文综述了近年来分子印迹技术的发展及其在样品前处理中的应用，并对其发展趋势做一个展望。 Molecularly imprinted (MIP) is a technique that uses specific molecules as templates to prepare materials similar to “artificial antibodies”. Molecularly imprinted materials have the advantages of strong selectivity, high adsorption efficiency, anti pollution and no need of auxiliary equipment. It is expected to solve the problem of sample pre-treatment which hinders the rapid detection. In this paper, the development of molecularly imprinted technology and its application in sample pretreatment in recent years are reviewed, and its development trend is prospected.