Farklı Temel Toprak İşleme Yöntemlerinin Ayçiçeği Tohumlarının Toprak Katmanındaki Dikey Dağılımına ve Bitki Gelişimine Etkisi

Abstract

The investigation was carried out on slightly leached chernozem soil type during 2014 – 2016. The effects of different soil tillage methods for sunflower on the vertical distribution of the seeds in the soil layer and the development of the plants were followed – ploughing at 24-26 cm, chisel ploughing at 24-26 cm, disking with disk harrow at 10-12 cm and no-tillage. The highest percent of sunflower seeds in the zone of the soil layer optimal for sowing (5-7 cm) were significantly placed in the areas cultivated with chisel-ploughing (62.1%). Under the other types of soil tillage, their amount decreased. When sowing was performed at a mean diurnal air temperature close to the norm (10.1 °С), the emergence of the plants in the variants with chisel ploughing, disking and no-tillage occurred significantly slower in comparison to ploughing. At higher mean diurnal air temperature (12.0 °С), only at the beginning of sunflower emergence some delay was observed depending on the type of the applied soil tillage. Under these conditions, a significant difference in the occurrence of the phenophases was determined in the variants with disking and direct sowing, as compared to the areas with ploughing. With the minimizing and exclusion of the soil tillage, the growth of the sunflower plants was significantly retarded at the initial stages of their development. At phenophase flowering, the plant height and the stem diameter were lowest in the areas cultivated with disking. The investigated types of soil tillage did not have a significant effect on the diameter of the sunflower heads.