Relevance of bacterial normal flora in antimicrobial resistance and how to overcome this resistance

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance represents a pressing problem, normal flora is destroyed by unnecessary use of antibiotics and as a result, microorganisms with resistance genes multiply. One side effect of misusing antibiotics is the transfer of resistance genes between normal flora and bacterial pathogens, so we need to rationalize our use of antibiotics or find an alternative to them.There is new approaches to combat bacterial resistance such as bacteriophage therapy and its products such as lysins which work as enzymes to degrade bacterial cell wall, in addition, photodynamic therapy is another approach which uses visible light and oxygen present in cells to overcome infections. Also vaccines can play a role in combating bacterial resistance by protection and reduction of colonization by inducing helper Tcell responses which can be directed against resistant pathogens or against factors of resistance. Plant extracts can be used with antibiotics to inhibit the efflux pump. Cationic antimicrobial peptides are broad-spectrum bactericidal against resistant pathogens.