Electrochemical Determination of Glucose Using a Platinum–Palladium Nanoparticle Carbon Nanofiber Glassy Carbon Electrode

Abstract

A novel platinum–palladium nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanofiber nanocomposite was greenly prepared by attaching the nanoparticles to the nanofibers for the preparation of glucose biosensors. The platinum–palladium bimetallic nanoparticle-modified carbon nanofiber nanocomposite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The glucose biosensor was constructed by immobilizing glucose oxidase on the nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The resulting biosensor exhibited a good response to glucose with a wide linear range from 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ to 1.3 × 10⁻² M with a high sensitivity of 154.6 µA mM⁻¹ cm⁻² and a detection limit of 0.7 µM. This biosensor was shown to offer good accuracy, precision, and reproducibility. The determination of glucose in human serum by the modified electrode was in good agreement with standard values. The nanocomposite electrode offers a suitable platform for the determination of glucose.