Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and respiratory symptoms in junior high school students in Penang, Malaysia: the role of household exposure
Open Access
- 6 November 2022
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Taylor & Francis Ltd in International Journal of Environmental Health Research
- Vol. 34 (1), 213-224
- https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2022.2143482
Abstract
We studied associations between fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), health and household exposure among school children (N = 348) in Penang, Malaysia. Multiple logistic regression and linear mixed models were applied. Overall, 46.0% had elevated FeNO (>20 ppb) and 10.6% diagnosed asthma. Male gender (p = 0.002), parental asthma or allergy (p = 0.047), cat allergy (p = 0.009) and seafood allergy (p < 0.001), diagnosed asthma (p = 0.001), wheeze (p = 0.001), ocular symptoms (p = 0.001), rhinitis (p = 0.002) and respiratory infections (p = 0.004) were all associated with FeNO. Students exposed to ETS had lower FeNO (p = 0.05). Dampness and mould was associated with wheeze (p = 0.038), especially in wooden homes (interaction p = 0.042) and among students with elevated FeNO (interaction p = 0.024). Cat keeping increased rhinitis (p = 0.041) and respiratory infections (p = 0.008) and modified the dampness associations. In conclusion, FeNO can be associated with ocular and respiratory symptoms. Elevated FeNO, cat keeping and a wooden house can enhance the risk of wheeze when exposed to dampness and mould.Keywords
This publication has 35 references indexed in Scilit:
- Early life microbial exposure and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in school-age children: a prospective birth cohort studyEnvironmental Health, 2013
- Residential Dampness and Molds and the Risk of Developing Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisPLOS ONE, 2012
- Gene-Gene and Gene-Environmental Interactions of Childhood Asthma: A Multifactor Dimension Reduction ApproachPLOS ONE, 2012
- Fungal DNA, allergens, mycotoxins and associations with asthmatic symptoms among pupils in schools from Johor Bahru, MalaysiaPediatric Allergy and Immunology, 2011
- Seafood hypersensitivity in mite sensitized individuals: is tropomyosin the only responsible allergen?Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 2011
- Tumour necrosis factor G-308A polymorphism modifies the effect of home dampness on childhood asthmaOccupational and Environmental Medicine, 2011
- The European Community Respiratory Health Survey: what are the main results so far?European Respiratory Journal, 2001
- Asthmatic symptoms and volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, and carbon dioxide in dwellings.Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1995
- Asthma, allergy, and atopy in three south-east Asian populations.Thorax, 1994
- Respiratory Symptoms and Asthma in Primary School Children in Kuala LumpurPediatrics International, 1990