Significance of 125I radioactive seed implantation on growth differentiation factor and programmed death receptor-1 during treatment of oral cancer

Abstract

BACKGROUND Oral cancer (OC) is the most common malignant tumor in the oral cavity, and is mainly seen in middle-aged and elderly men. At present, OC is mainly treated clinically by surgery or combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy; but recently, more and more studies have shown that the stress trauma caused by surgery and the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy seriously affect the prognosis of patients. AIM To determine the significance of I-125 radioactive seed implantation on growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) during treatment of OC. METHODS A total of 184 OC patients admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University from May 2015 to May 2017 were selected as the research subjects for prospective analysis. Of these patients, 89 who received I-125 radioactive seed implantation therapy were regarded as the research group (RG) and 95 patients who received surgical treatment were regarded as the control group (CG). The clinical efficacy, incidence of adverse reactions and changes in GDF11 and PD-1 before treatment (T0), 2 wk after treatment (T1), 4 wk after treatment (T2) and 6 wk after treatment (T3) were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The efficacy and recurrence rate in the RG were better than those in the CG (P < 0.05), while the incidence of adverse reactions and survival rate were not different. There was no difference in GDF11 and PD-1 between the two groups at T0 and T1, but these factors were lower in the RG than in the CG at T2 and T3 (P < 0.05). Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, GDF11 and PD-1 had good predictive value for efficacy and recurrence (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION I-125 radioactive seed implantation has clinical efficacy and can reduce the recurrence rate in patients with OC. This therapy has marked potential in clinical application. The detection of GDF11 and PD-1 in patients during treatment showed good predictive value for treatment efficacy and recurrence in OC patients, and may be potential targets for future OC treatment.