Signifying the relationship between education input, social security expenditure, and urban-rural income gap in the circular economy
Open Access
- 11 August 2022
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Frontiers Media SA in Frontiers in Environmental Science
Abstract
This paper takes the inter-provincial panel data of China from 1999 to 2015 as the research sample and uses the GMM estimation method to empirically test the relationship among education input, social security expenditure, and urban-rural income gap. The results show that education input and social security expenditure have a significant impact on the urban-rural income gap, and there are regional differences. Specifically, the augments of education input and social security expenditure widens the urban-rural income gap in the western region, and narrows the urban-rural income gap of the eastern and central regions but has less impact on the eastern region. The paper provides a new perspective for understanding the urban-rural income gap in China, and has a significance meaning for further increasing the educational investment in the western rural areas, and improving the redistribution efficiency of social security expenditure.Keywords
This publication has 29 references indexed in Scilit:
- Adolescent subgenual anterior cingulate activity is related to harm avoidanceNeuroReport, 2009
- On the interaction between education and social securityReview of Economic Dynamics, 2004
- Distributional Effects of Public Education in an Economy with Public Pensions*International Economic Review, 2003
- Development Strategy, Viability, and Economic ConvergenceEconomic Development and Cultural Change, 2003
- Dependent children and aged parents: funding education and social security in an aging economyJournal of Macroeconomics, 2002
- Determinants of economic growth in China: Private enterprise, education, and opennessChina Economic Review, 2000
- Spurious regression and residual-based tests for cointegration in panel dataJournal of Econometrics, 1999
- He, Ne, Ar, and C isotope systematics of geothermal emanations in the Lesser Antilles Islands ArcGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1999
- Education, social security, and growthJournal of Public Economics, 1999
- A Complete Capital Model involving Heterogeneous Capital GoodsThe Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1956