ERM Proteins at the Crossroad of Leukocyte Polarization, Migration and Intercellular Adhesion
Open Access
- 22 February 2020
- journal article
- review article
- Published by MDPI AG in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Vol. 21 (4), 1502
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041502
Abstract
Ezrin, radixin and moesin proteins (ERMs) are plasma membrane (PM) organizers that link the actin cytoskeleton to the cytoplasmic tail of transmembrane proteins, many of which are adhesion receptors, in order to regulate the formation of F-actin-based structures (e.g., microspikes and microvilli). ERMs also effect transmission of signals from the PM into the cell, an action mainly exerted through the compartmentalized activation of the small Rho GTPases Rho, Rac and Cdc42. Ezrin and moesin are the ERMs more highly expressed in leukocytes, and although they do not always share functions, both are mainly regulated through phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) binding to the N-terminal band 4.1 protein-ERM (FERM) domain and phosphorylation of a conserved Thr in the C-terminal ERM association domain (C-ERMAD), exerting their functions through a wide assortment of mechanisms. In this review we will discuss some of these mechanisms, focusing on how they regulate polarization and migration in leukocytes, and formation of actin-based cellular structures like the phagocytic cup-endosome and the immune synapse in macrophages/neutrophils and lymphocytes, respectively, which represent essential aspects of the effector immune response.This publication has 155 references indexed in Scilit:
- Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin Proteins and Flotillins Cooperate to Promote Uropod Formation in T CellsFrontiers in Immunology, 2013
- Ezrin tunes T-cell activation by controlling Dlg1 and microtubule positioning at the immunological synapseThe EMBO Journal, 2010
- Essential Role of Ubiquitin and TSG101 Protein in Formation and Function of the Central Supramolecular Activation ClusterImmunity, 2010
- Organizing the cell cortex: the role of ERM proteinsNature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2010
- The Membrane Skeleton Controls Diffusion Dynamics and Signaling through the B Cell ReceptorImmunity, 2010
- Mst4 and Ezrin Induce Brush Borders Downstream of the Lkb1/Strad/Mo25 Polarization ComplexDevelopmental Cell, 2009
- Lymphocyte Crawling and Transendothelial Migration Require Chemokine Triggering of High-Affinity LFA-1 IntegrinImmunity, 2009
- Transcellular Diapedesis Is Initiated by Invasive PodosomesImmunity, 2007
- The Nck-interacting kinase phosphorylates ERM proteins for formation of lamellipodium by growth factorsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006
- Differential regulation of phagosome maturation in macrophages and dendritic cells mediated by Rho GTPases and ezrin–radixin–moesin (ERM) proteinsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006