Assessment of cytogenic damage in chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects through micronucleus test

Abstract

Background and aim: DNA and cells of human body are constantly in threat for exposure of oxidative stress and role of genetic factors and oxidative damage. A high number of reactive oxygen species can cause oxidative damage to a large number of molecules, including DNA, result in periodontal tissue damage through multiple mechanisms such as lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation and DNA damage. The micronucleus test is a sensitive method that indicates DNA damage. The aim of the study was to assess the micronucleus frequency (MNF), as a biomarker for DNA damage, in individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and chronic periodontitis.Materials and Methods: A total of 60 subjects were recruited for the study and divided into three groups. 20 subjects of group 1 had diabetes mellitus along with chronic periodontitis, Subjects with Diabetes mellitus and healthy periodontium were allotted to group 2 and group 3 include Subjects without Diabetes melilitus and with Chronic Periodontitis. Periodontal clinical examination was done. Blood sample collected was use to prepare a slide which was fixed in 5% gimsa solution and was analyzed in microscope then scoring of micronuclei was done. Results: The mean micronuclei observed in group 1, 2 and 3 were 14.8, 11 and 10.85 respectively i.e. group 1 showed significantly greater damage than other two groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that CBMN method was useful as a biomarker for DNA damage in individuals with chronic degenerative systemic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, as well as chronic local disease, such as PD.