Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting safety climate, safety culture, safety performance, and the effect of safety climate and culture on safety performance in Fırat University Medical Faculty Hospital. Method: The population of this cross-sectional, descriptive study consisted of doctors, midwives, nurses and other medical staff (1454 people) working at Fırat University Medical Faculty Hospital. The minimum sample size of the study was calculated as 616 with a 95% confidence interval and 3% margin of error using the Epi Info program. The data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of personal information form, safety climate scale, safety culture scale and safety performance scale. The Kolmogrov-Smirnov, Man-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, chi-square test, ROC, internal reliability, simple linear regression and multivariate linear regression analysis were used in data analysis. Results: The median age of the participants was 31.0. Of the participants, 50.6% were women, 61.9% were married and 38.0% had graduate or higher levels of education. It was determined that those who had information on occupational accidents and diseases had higher perceptions of safety climate, safety culture and safety performance. Furthermore, safety climate, safety culture and safety performance were positively correlated. As a result of simple linear regression, it was determined that the security climate explained 12.1% and the security culture 17.6% of security performance. Conclusion: It was concluded that trainings should be increased and repeated periodically, reporting near-miss events should be facilitated. Finally, occupational health and safety unit should be established, and inspections should be increased.