Efficiency of fertilizer application for high oleiс sunflower growing on typical types of typical low-humus

Abstract

The cultivation of high-oleic sunflower hybrids is promising due to the high competitiveness of sunflower on the international market and the growing demand for oil as the main product of its processing. Despite the importance of sunflower as one of the traditional crops of Ukraine, the technology of its cultivation now has many unsolved problems. Among the elements of cultivation technology aimed at increasing crop yields, research with high-oleic hybrids occupies a prominent place, requires the study of mineral nutrition levels, the need for sulfur, taking into account their impact on the oleic acid content. The purpose of the research is to establish the influence of sulfur on the background of different norms of mineral fertilizers on the formation of productivity of high-oleic sunflower plants on chernozems of typical low-humus right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research program provided for the establishment of a field experiment in 2015–2017. The research was conducted according to the scheme of two-factor field experiment. The scheme of experiments provides for the study of the following factors: factor A – rates of mineral fertilizers, factor B – sulfur application Methods. During the research, generally accepted methods were used for scientific research in crop production. Based on the research, it was found that the maximum amount of dry matter accumulates in the variants with the introduction of N90Р75К135+S30 and N120Р100К180+S30. The introduction of sulfur increases the yield of dry matter from 5.69 % to 9.27 %. The highest yield of sunflower seeds is formed by applying N90Р75К135+S30 – 4.12 t/ha. Further increase in fertilizer application rates does not lead to a significant increase in yield. Application of S30 on the background of N90Р75К135 allows to increase the yield of sunflower by 0.35 t per ha or 9.28 %. Our correlation-regression analysis of the obtained research results indicates a close correlation between the accumulation of dry matter in ВВСН 55–57 and ВВСН 65–67 and the yield level (respectively r = 0.917 and r = 0.972). The highest fat content in the seeds (49.7 %) with the maximum content of oleic acid (88.5 %) and the maximum yield of oil (2.05 t per ha) provides the cultivation of the hybrid EC Romantic with the introduction of N90Р75К135+S30.