Abstract
Unani System of Medicine (USM) has many safe and effective single drugs as well as compound formulations, which are commonly used in four forms solid (Hab, Qurs, Safoof, Kushta etc.); semisolid (Majoon, Laooq, Marham/Zamad etc.); liquid (Joshanda, Sharbat, Sheera, Rooh, Tila etc.) and gaseous (Bakhoor, Inkabab, Shamoom etc.). Joshanda, a preparation, in which Unani crude drugs are frequently used for treatment of common cold, catarrh, cough, associated respiratory distress and fever etc. Different Joshande are available in various Qarabadeen. In this paper a comprehensive summary has been made about various Joshande, about the drug and water ratio, yield of Joshanda and therapeutic uses of various Joshande, which is mentioned in different reference books of Unani System of Medicine. Documented evidence regarding their standard procedures of preparation/process standardization is meagre. Some important points are not specifically given, in the case of preparation of Joshandai.e quantity of heat and duration of heat. Therefore in the present study, apart from literature survey, one experimental study was also done by preparing different batches of Joshanda in different volumes (one litre, five litres and ten litres) at specific temperatures and observed the duration of heating and net volume of product left was also observed after giving suitable temperature. Keywords: Unani System of Medicine (USM), Standard Manufacturing Process (SMP), Joshanda, Decoction