Intraoperative fluorescence diagnosis in the brain: a systematic review and suggestions for future standards on reporting diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility
Open Access
- 30 July 2019
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Acta Neurochirurgica
- Vol. 161 (10), 2083-2098
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-019-04007-y
Abstract
Surgery for gliomas is often confounded by difficulties in distinguishing tumor from surrounding normal brain. For better discrimination, intraoperative optical imaging methods using fluorescent dyes are currently being explored. Understandably, such methods require the demonstration of a high degree of diagnostic accuracy and clinical benefit. Currently, clinical utility is determined by tissue biopsies which are correlated to optical signals, and quantified using measures such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values. In addition, surgical outcomes, such as extent of resection rates and/or survival (progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)) have been measured. These assessments, however, potentially involve multiple biases and confounders, which have to be minimized to ensure reproducibility, generalizability and comparability of test results. Test should aim at having a high internal and external validity. The objective of this article is to analyze how diagnostic accuracy and outcomes are utilized in available studies describing intraoperative imaging and furthermore, to derive recommendations for reliable and reproducible evaluations.Keywords
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