The article highlights the results of an empirical study aimed at updating the accusatory context of assessing the relations of Ukrainians with neighboring nations and shows the place in this process of sense of guilt compared to a number of other personal traits.1,356 students in 26 universities from 19 cities of Ukraine were interviewed online.The questionnaire was developed in three versions. The first part in all versions consisted of indicators of the sense of guilt, internality in the field of failure, psychological inclination towards poverty, and verbal aggression. The second part of the questionnaire had three versions, each of which contained nine statements that showed an assessment of Ukrainians’ relations with neighboring nations. These statements were modelled on the measure for identification with all mankind (McFarland et al., 2012), but reformulated as extrapunitive regarding Ukrainians; intropunitive in relation to them; and impunitive, neutral to all.Among the studied psychological traits, the sense of guilt was the most sensitive to the assessment of interethnic relations. The intropunitive orientation of the evaluations showed the strongest connection with the studied traits. Depending on the context of assessing the interethnic relations, the sense of guilt may lead to accusations of one’s own ethnic community, or to accusations against other ethnic groups, or to avoiding direct accusations and choosing neutral assessments.Internality in the area of failure has been positively associated with extrapunitive and intropunitive evaluations, but there has been no connection with impunitive evaluations. The high level of inclination towards poverty corresponds to a decrease in extrapunitive tendencies; on the other hand, middle-level people are inclined to intropunitive assessments. Verbal aggression has the lowest association with assessments of interethnic relations.